People v. Lehrer

144 Misc. 2d 701, 545 N.Y.S.2d 451, 1989 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 541
CourtCriminal Court of the City of New York
DecidedJune 29, 1989
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 144 Misc. 2d 701 (People v. Lehrer) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Criminal Court of the City of New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Lehrer, 144 Misc. 2d 701, 545 N.Y.S.2d 451, 1989 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 541 (N.Y. Super. Ct. 1989).

Opinion

[702]*702OPINION OF THE COURT

Paula J. Omansky, J.

The defendants were arrested on August 6, 1988, and charged with one count of felony assault (Penal Law § 120.05 ), six counts of misdemeanor assault (Penal Law § 120.00 [1], ), and six counts of harassment (Penal Law § 240.25 [1]). They were arraigned on August 7, 1988, and the case was adjourned for Grand Jury action to October 3, 1988, and then again to November 28, 1988.

On November 28, 1988, the People orally moved to reduce the felony complaint. The notation on the court docket is "Red[uced] to 120.00, 240.25” and a blueback was attached. No notations were made on the felony complaint. The case was adjourned to January 11, 1989 for corroboration — six supporting affidavits were needed. No corroborations were filed on that date, and the case was adjourned for that purpose to January 25, 1989. On January 25, 1989, two corroborations were filed. On February 7, 1989, the remaining four corroborations were filed, purportedly converting the misdemeanor complaint to an information. On the same day, February 7, 1989, the People answered ready for trial. This was six months after the filing of the felony complaint. In the interim defendants had not consented to the delay nor requested any adjournments.

On February 7, 1989 the defendants requested motion schedules and defendants John Lehrer and Robert Leake eventually filed Clayton motions for dismissal in the interest of justice (CPL 170.40). On March 28, 1989, the presiding Judge adjourned the case to April 25, 1989, for decision. On March 29, 1989, this court, on reviewing the motion papers, advanced the case on the calendar "to request supplemental motions on attempted reduction of felony complaint in light of People v. Minor, N.Y.L.J. 3/1/89, p. 24, col. 6.” Thereafter, the two Lehrer defendants made a motion, in which defendant Leake joined, to dismiss pursuant to CPL 30.30, and this motion was submitted for decision along with the Clayton motion.

THE CPL 30.30 MOTION

People v Minor (NYLJ, Mar. 1, 1989, at 24, col 6 [App Term], supra) holds that in order to reduce a felony complaint to a misdemeanor accusatory instrument, the method set forth in CPL 180.50 must be strictly complied with. Insofar as the [703]*703reduction purports to be made under CPL 180.50 (3) (a) (iii) and (b), the court must make notations either upon or attached to the felony complaint which make the necessary and appropriate changes in the title of the instrument and in the names of the offenses charged. (People v Minor, supra.)

Specifically, the Appellate Term held: "A notation in the court docket is without effect. An attempted reduction of a felony complaint, even though acquiesced to by defendant, not done pursuant to the requirements of CPL 180.50 is invalid and of no legal effect and the felony complaint remains pending” (People v Minor, supra).

In Minor (supra), the statutory time had not elapsed on the felony complaint, and defendant’s CPL 30.30 motion was premature. In this case, six months have passed; the People have not answered ready for trial on the felony complaint; and no adjournments are chargeable to defendants.

The People’s position is that it was solely the court’s responsibility to make the necessary annotations on the felony complaint in order to reduce the charges and that they relied on the court to discharge its duties properly. They argue that errors of the court are not attributable to the People, and amount to "exceptional circumstances” within the meaning of CPL 30.30 (4) (g), citing People v Sturgis (38 NY2d 625, 627 [1976] [four-day period excludable where, before the defendant’s arraignment, the trial court retained all of the papers before submitting them to the District Attorney]), People v Conrad (93 Misc 2d 655 [Monroe County 1976], affd 44 NY2d 863 [1978] [failure of the trial court to schedule a jury trial was tantamount to negligence, and such negligence could not be imputed to the People for speedy trial purposes]), People v Castro (80 AD2d 656 [3d Dept 1981], read on other grounds 55 NY2d 972 [1982] [the actions of the court in disqualifying itself and holding no calendar not only prevented a trial but also prevented the People from communicating its readiness on the record]) and People v Smith (97 AD2d 485 [2d Dept 1983] [three-day period excludable because of the court’s failure to arraign the defendant]).

Whatever merit this argument might have had is undermined by the People’s position in this case. They say that they knew the court was not complying with the statutory procedures. Thus, they say in their papers, without attaching any transcript, that the court failed to make the inquiry required by CPL 180.50 (1) as to the propriety of the reduction, and [704]*704failed to take action pursuant to CPL 180.50 (3) (a) (i), (ii) or (iii). Nonetheless, they argue that they relied on the court to discharge its duties properly under the statute, and without such reliance, the People could have either presented the case to the Grand Jury or moved for a proper reduction.

If the People knew that the court was slighting the statutory procedures, there is no basis for their claim that they relied on the court to discharge its responsibilities properly under the statute. The court’s error was easily cured. All the People had to do was ask. (People v Rodriguez, 131 Misc 2d 864 [Crim Ct, NY County 1986].) Such a request would not amount to the People’s usurping the judicial function or reviewing the court’s action, as the People contend; nor would it be any more burdensome than asking the court if a corroborating affidavit had been filed. Knowing of the court’s error, the People had the authority, if not the obligation, to ask the court to comply with the statute. On the other hand, if the People were reluctant to ask, they could have presented the case to the Grand Jury, if it were so clear before People v Minor (supra) that the reduction had not been properly effected.

In other words, the court’s error did not foreclose the options available to the People, either of asking the court to rectify the error or proceeding on the felony complaint. On this version of the facts, then, it cannot be said that the court’s error prevented the People from becoming ready for trial. (People v Meierdiercks, 68 NY2d 613 [1986] [adjournment order sua sponte by the court did not prevent People’s readiness for trial]; People v Brothers, 50 NY2d 413 [1980] [court congestion did not prevent People’s readiness]; People v Rodriguez, 131 Misc 2d 864 [Crim Ct, NY County 1986], supra [court’s erroneous calculations of CPL 30.30 date did not prevent People’s readiness].)

The People, however, take an alternate position which more accurately describes what took place. As the People also admit, they were relying on the court’s practice of reducing the felony complaint by noting the reduction on the court docket and attaching a blueback, without marking the felony complaint. Here, as in People v Minor (supra), all parties involved — the court, the People, and defendant — thought the reduction had been properly effected, and the case proceeded as a misdemeanor.

The court’s error in failing to mark the felony complaint [705]*705was neither a willful dereliction of duty (cf., People v Sturgis, 38 NY2d 625 [1976], supra),

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
144 Misc. 2d 701, 545 N.Y.S.2d 451, 1989 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 541, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-lehrer-nycrimct-1989.