Filed 2/26/15 P. v. Lawrence CA4/2
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
THE PEOPLE,
Plaintiff and Respondent, E061931
v. (Super.Ct.No. SWF025676)
JAMES EDWARD LAWRENCE, OPINION
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from the Superior Court of Riverside County. F. Paul Dickerson III,
Judge. Affirmed.
Law Offices of John F. Schuck, and John F. Schuck, under appointment by the
Court of Appeal, for Defendant and Appellant.
No appearance for Plaintiff and Respondent.
Defendant and appellant James Edward Lawrence appeals after the trial court
denied his petition for discretionary three strikes resentencing under Penal Code
section 1170.126. We affirm.
1 FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
In 2010, defendant was convicted of a gas station robbery he committed in May
2008. Defendant was sentenced as a third striker for the 2008 robbery, based upon seven
prior strike convictions, arising from a series of robberies he had committed in North
Carolina in 1983 and 1984. He received a sentence of 25 years to life for the 2008
robbery, with other enhancements, resulting in a total indeterminate term of 31 years to
life. This court affirmed the judgment, with minor corrections to the abstract of
judgment, in November 2010.
In November 2012, the voters passed Proposition 36, the Three Strikes Reform
Act, which created a procedure for third strike offenders to petition for resentencing, if
the offender is serving an indeterminate life term for a third strike conviction that is not a
serious or violent felony. If the offender meets the criteria set forth in Penal Code
section 1170.126, subdivision (e), he or she may be resentenced as a second striker,
unless the court determines that such resentencing would pose an unreasonable risk of
danger to public safety.
Penal Code section 1170.126, subdivision (b), contains a two-year time limit
within which to file a resentencing petition. Defendant mailed a petition, referencing
Penal Code section 1170.126, to the Superior Court of Riverside County. The petition
was marked “received” on August 3, 2014; the petition was proffered within the
appropriate time frame. The trial court characterized the initial petition as “Ex-Parte
2 Correspondence,” for modification of sentence, and “denie[d] said request,” on August
11, 2014.
Defendant’s petition was marked as “filed” on August 20, 2014. However,
although defendant’s petition purported to attack his three strikes sentence, it did so based
on dual or multiple use of a particular prior conviction as a prison term prior one-year
enhancement, a prior serious felony five-year enhancement, and a qualifying strike
conviction.
In September 2014, defendant proceeded to file a notice of appeal from the denial
of his request for resentencing under Penal Code section 1170.126. Appellate Defenders,
Inc., filed an amended notice of appeal on defendant’s behalf from an “Order after
judgment affecting substantial rights of defendant in that the trial court denied
defendant’s motion to modify his sentence in which defendant relied on People v. Vargas
(2014) 59 Cal.4th 635 and Penal Code section 1170.126.”
This court appointed counsel to represent defendant. We now examine the appeal.
ANALYSIS
Appointed appellate counsel has filed a brief under authority of People v. Wende
(1979) 25 Cal.3d 436 and Anders v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 738 [87 S.Ct. 1396, 18
L.Ed.2d 493], setting forth a brief summary of the facts and a statement of the case.
Counsel has also identified two potential arguable issues on appeal: (1) whether
defendant is entitled to resentencing pursuant to People v. Vargas, supra, 59 Cal.4th 635,
637 (Vargas) (two prior convictions arising out of a single act against a single victim
3 cannot constitute two strikes); (2) whether defendant is entitled to resentencing under
Penal Code section 1170.126. Counsel has also requested this court to undertake a
review of the entire record.1
Defendant has been offered an opportunity to file a personal supplemental brief,
which he has not done. Pursuant to the mandate of People v. Kelly (2006) 40 Cal.4th
106, we have conducted an independent review of the record and we find no arguable
issues.
As to the suggestion that defendant might be entitled to resentencing under
Vargas, supra, 59 Cal.4th 635, we determine that Vargas is inapplicable. The California
Supreme Court held in Vargas that two prior convictions (robbery and carjacking) were
based on the same act, committed at the same time, and against a single victim (a single
act of taking the victim’s car by force) cannot be treated as two separate strike
convictions in a subsequent prosecution. “The typical third strike situation . . . involves a
criminal offender who commits a qualifying felony after having been afforded two
previous chances to reform his or her antisocial behavior, hence the law’s descriptive
baseball-related phrase, ‘ “Three Strikes and You’re Out.” ’ ” (Id. at p. 638.) When two
separate convictions are based on a single act against a single victim on a single occasion,
the offender has not been afforded two opportunities for reform, but only one.
Accordingly, a trial court abuses its discretion in failing to dismiss one of the strikes; the
1 We have taken judicial notice of the record in the prior appeal (People v. Lawrence (Nov. 17, 2010, E050482) [nonpub. opn.].)
4 court should have sentenced the offender as a second striker, rather than as a third striker.
(Id. at pp. 647-649.)
Here, by contrast, defendant’s strike convictions were the seven robbery offenses
he committed in North Carolina. Even though the convictions were obtained in a single
trial proceeding, almost all the offenses took place on separate dates (two of the robberies
were committed on the same date, July 25, 1984). Under the best case scenario for
defendant, he still had six prior strike convictions that unquestionably were not based on
the same act. The North Carolina robberies were all properly treated as separate strike
convictions.
Defendant’s petition shows he was confused about which allegations concerned
strike convictions. The thrust of defendant’s petition was that one of the 1984 North
Carolina robbery convictions was used first for a prior prison term enhancement (one
year) under Penal Code section 667.5, subdivision (b), second as a prior serious felony
conviction enhancement (five years) under Penal Code section 667, subdivision (a), and
third as one of the seven prior strike convictions under the three strikes recidivist
sentencing scheme. Defendant mistakenly refers to two of his prison term priors (North
Carolina robbery conviction in 1984, and California conviction of burglary in 1999) and
the prior serious felony five-year enhancement allegation (North Carolina robbery in
1984) as “strikes.” The enhancement allegations were not “strike” allegations, even
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Filed 2/26/15 P. v. Lawrence CA4/2
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
THE PEOPLE,
Plaintiff and Respondent, E061931
v. (Super.Ct.No. SWF025676)
JAMES EDWARD LAWRENCE, OPINION
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from the Superior Court of Riverside County. F. Paul Dickerson III,
Judge. Affirmed.
Law Offices of John F. Schuck, and John F. Schuck, under appointment by the
Court of Appeal, for Defendant and Appellant.
No appearance for Plaintiff and Respondent.
Defendant and appellant James Edward Lawrence appeals after the trial court
denied his petition for discretionary three strikes resentencing under Penal Code
section 1170.126. We affirm.
1 FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
In 2010, defendant was convicted of a gas station robbery he committed in May
2008. Defendant was sentenced as a third striker for the 2008 robbery, based upon seven
prior strike convictions, arising from a series of robberies he had committed in North
Carolina in 1983 and 1984. He received a sentence of 25 years to life for the 2008
robbery, with other enhancements, resulting in a total indeterminate term of 31 years to
life. This court affirmed the judgment, with minor corrections to the abstract of
judgment, in November 2010.
In November 2012, the voters passed Proposition 36, the Three Strikes Reform
Act, which created a procedure for third strike offenders to petition for resentencing, if
the offender is serving an indeterminate life term for a third strike conviction that is not a
serious or violent felony. If the offender meets the criteria set forth in Penal Code
section 1170.126, subdivision (e), he or she may be resentenced as a second striker,
unless the court determines that such resentencing would pose an unreasonable risk of
danger to public safety.
Penal Code section 1170.126, subdivision (b), contains a two-year time limit
within which to file a resentencing petition. Defendant mailed a petition, referencing
Penal Code section 1170.126, to the Superior Court of Riverside County. The petition
was marked “received” on August 3, 2014; the petition was proffered within the
appropriate time frame. The trial court characterized the initial petition as “Ex-Parte
2 Correspondence,” for modification of sentence, and “denie[d] said request,” on August
11, 2014.
Defendant’s petition was marked as “filed” on August 20, 2014. However,
although defendant’s petition purported to attack his three strikes sentence, it did so based
on dual or multiple use of a particular prior conviction as a prison term prior one-year
enhancement, a prior serious felony five-year enhancement, and a qualifying strike
conviction.
In September 2014, defendant proceeded to file a notice of appeal from the denial
of his request for resentencing under Penal Code section 1170.126. Appellate Defenders,
Inc., filed an amended notice of appeal on defendant’s behalf from an “Order after
judgment affecting substantial rights of defendant in that the trial court denied
defendant’s motion to modify his sentence in which defendant relied on People v. Vargas
(2014) 59 Cal.4th 635 and Penal Code section 1170.126.”
This court appointed counsel to represent defendant. We now examine the appeal.
ANALYSIS
Appointed appellate counsel has filed a brief under authority of People v. Wende
(1979) 25 Cal.3d 436 and Anders v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 738 [87 S.Ct. 1396, 18
L.Ed.2d 493], setting forth a brief summary of the facts and a statement of the case.
Counsel has also identified two potential arguable issues on appeal: (1) whether
defendant is entitled to resentencing pursuant to People v. Vargas, supra, 59 Cal.4th 635,
637 (Vargas) (two prior convictions arising out of a single act against a single victim
3 cannot constitute two strikes); (2) whether defendant is entitled to resentencing under
Penal Code section 1170.126. Counsel has also requested this court to undertake a
review of the entire record.1
Defendant has been offered an opportunity to file a personal supplemental brief,
which he has not done. Pursuant to the mandate of People v. Kelly (2006) 40 Cal.4th
106, we have conducted an independent review of the record and we find no arguable
issues.
As to the suggestion that defendant might be entitled to resentencing under
Vargas, supra, 59 Cal.4th 635, we determine that Vargas is inapplicable. The California
Supreme Court held in Vargas that two prior convictions (robbery and carjacking) were
based on the same act, committed at the same time, and against a single victim (a single
act of taking the victim’s car by force) cannot be treated as two separate strike
convictions in a subsequent prosecution. “The typical third strike situation . . . involves a
criminal offender who commits a qualifying felony after having been afforded two
previous chances to reform his or her antisocial behavior, hence the law’s descriptive
baseball-related phrase, ‘ “Three Strikes and You’re Out.” ’ ” (Id. at p. 638.) When two
separate convictions are based on a single act against a single victim on a single occasion,
the offender has not been afforded two opportunities for reform, but only one.
Accordingly, a trial court abuses its discretion in failing to dismiss one of the strikes; the
1 We have taken judicial notice of the record in the prior appeal (People v. Lawrence (Nov. 17, 2010, E050482) [nonpub. opn.].)
4 court should have sentenced the offender as a second striker, rather than as a third striker.
(Id. at pp. 647-649.)
Here, by contrast, defendant’s strike convictions were the seven robbery offenses
he committed in North Carolina. Even though the convictions were obtained in a single
trial proceeding, almost all the offenses took place on separate dates (two of the robberies
were committed on the same date, July 25, 1984). Under the best case scenario for
defendant, he still had six prior strike convictions that unquestionably were not based on
the same act. The North Carolina robberies were all properly treated as separate strike
convictions.
Defendant’s petition shows he was confused about which allegations concerned
strike convictions. The thrust of defendant’s petition was that one of the 1984 North
Carolina robbery convictions was used first for a prior prison term enhancement (one
year) under Penal Code section 667.5, subdivision (b), second as a prior serious felony
conviction enhancement (five years) under Penal Code section 667, subdivision (a), and
third as one of the seven prior strike convictions under the three strikes recidivist
sentencing scheme. Defendant mistakenly refers to two of his prison term priors (North
Carolina robbery conviction in 1984, and California conviction of burglary in 1999) and
the prior serious felony five-year enhancement allegation (North Carolina robbery in
1984) as “strikes.” The enhancement allegations were not “strike” allegations, even
though the 1984 North Carolina robbery conviction was also used as a strike allegation.
5 In essence, defendant’s petition raised the issue of multiple use of the same conviction,
rather than a claim that all seven of his strike priors arose from a single act.
It is not an improper dual use of facts to use the same prior conviction to impose
the doubling requirement under Penal Code sections 1170.12, subdivision (c)(1), and
667, subdivision (e)(1) (“Three Strikes” law), and to also impose a five-year serious
felony enhancement under section 667, subdivision (a). (People v. Purata (1996) 42
Cal.App.4th 489, 498 [concluding the five-year enhancement under Penal Code § 667,
subd. (a), is mandatory even though the same prior conviction triggered a doubling of the
base term under § 667, subd. (e)].)
In People v. Jones (1993) 5 Cal.4th 1142, the California Supreme Court did hold
that the electorate did not intend, in enacting Proposition 8, for a sentence to prison to be
enhanced both for a prior serious conviction and for a prison term imposed for that
conviction. (Id. at pp. 1144-1145, 1150.) The premise of defendant’s claim in this case
is that he was doubly punished, contrary to Penal Code section 654, for both a five-year
enhancement and a one-year enhancement based on the same North Carolina 1984
robbery conviction. Defendant is mistaken. The trial court found true two of three
alleged prison term priors, as well as the alleged prior serious felony (five-year)
enhancement. The five-year enhancement and one of the prison term priors were based
on one of the North Carolina robbery convictions. The trial court stayed the one-year
enhancement on the duplicative North Carolina enhancement allegation. There was no
dual punishment based on the same offense.
6 Defendant’s petition did not address three strikes resentencing under Penal Code
section 1170.126 in any substantive way, except to suggest that resentencing under that
provision would not pose an unreasonable risk of danger to public safety. An inmate
already serving a three strikes indeterminate term may be eligible for resentencing
(essentially as a second striker) if the following requirements are met:
“(e) An inmate is eligible for resentencing if:
“(1) The inmate is serving an indeterminate term of life imprisonment imposed
pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision (e) of Section 667 or subdivision (c) of Section
1170.12 for a conviction of a felony or felonies that are not defined as serious and/or
violent felonies by subdivision (c) of Section 667.5 or subdivision (c) of Section 1192.7.
“(2) The inmate’s current sentence was not imposed for any of the offenses
appearing in clauses (i) to (iii), inclusive, of subparagraph (C) of paragraph (2) of
subdivision (e) of Section 667 or clauses (i) to (iii), inclusive, of subparagraph (C) of
paragraph (2) of subdivision (c) of Section 1170.12.
“(3) The inmate has no prior convictions for any of the offenses appearing in
clause (iv) of subparagraph (C) of paragraph (2) of subdivision (e) of Section 667 or
clause (iv) of subparagraph (C) of paragraph (2) of subdivision (c) of Section 1170.12.”
(Pen. Code, § 1170.126, subd. (e).)
Defendant’s record shows that he is not eligible for resentencing under Penal Code
section 1170.126. His petition stumbles at the first eligibility requirement: Defendant’s
current offense is second degree robbery, which is defined in Penal Code section 667.5,
7 subdivision (c)(9), as a violent felony. Defendant is not eligible for resentencing under
Penal Code section 1170.126.
DISPOSITION
The trial court properly denied defendant’s petition for resentencing. The trial
court’s order is affirmed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
McKINSTER J. We concur:
RAMIREZ P. J.
HOLLENHORST J.