People v. Johnson

693 N.E.2d 1224, 296 Ill. App. 3d 53, 230 Ill. Dec. 473, 1998 Ill. App. LEXIS 224
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedApril 9, 1998
Docket1-97-0950
StatusPublished
Cited by15 cases

This text of 693 N.E.2d 1224 (People v. Johnson) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Johnson, 693 N.E.2d 1224, 296 Ill. App. 3d 53, 230 Ill. Dec. 473, 1998 Ill. App. LEXIS 224 (Ill. Ct. App. 1998).

Opinion

JUSTICE WOLFSON

delivered the opinion of the court:

The rule against hearsay evidence has been a fixed principle of Anglo-American jurisprudence since the late 1600s, when Lord Coke, in his Third Institute, denounced “the strange conceit that one may be an accuser by hearsay.” See 2 J. Strong, McCormick On Evidence § 244, at 425 (4th ed. 1992).

The sixth amendment to the United States Constitution, various state and federal evidence codes, and common law court decisions reflect a strong preference that the accuser in a criminal case be present in open court, under oath, subject to cross-examination.

There are exceptions to the rule against hearsay, most of them firmly rooted in evidence law and therefore thought to be trustworthy enough to excuse the need for personal appearance, oath, and cross-examination. This appeal concerns an exception created by the General Assembly in cases where the defendant is accused of physically or sexually assaulting a child under the age of 13.

We are called on to define the parameters and application of section 115 — 10 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 (725 ILCS 5/115 — 10 (West 1996)). We do so. In the process, we find the unauthorized admission of hearsay evidence concerning uncharged conduct requires reversal and remandment of the defendant’s conviction for aggravated criminal sexual assault.

FACTS

Because this case turns on who said what to whom, we set out the testimony in some detail.

On November 15, 1995, Billy L. Johnson (Johnson) was charged by indictment with two counts of aggravated criminal sexual assault, six counts of criminal sexual assault, and three counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse, based on allegations made by C.D., Johnson’s 12-year-old stepdaughter.

On December 4, 1996, Johnson’s bench trial began. At a previous hearing, a judge determined C.D. was unavailable to testify and her out-of-court statements would be admissible under section 115 — 10 of the Code.

At trial, the evidence against Johnson was presented through the testimony of Chicago police youth officer Stanley Richards. Richards testified he met C.D. at the 18th District police station on October 20, 1995. Officers Walsh and McMurdo, who brought C.D. to the station, were present during Richards’ interview with her. C.D. told Richards she had run away from home because Johnson had been sexually abusing her since she began living with him in April 1995. Johnson, she said, would force her to allow him to pull down her panties and lick her vagina. Recently, while in Ohio for a family funeral, Johnson came to the bedroom where C.D. was staying, licked her vagina, and then attempted to have sexual intercourse with her. She forced him away by biting him on the arm and chest and scratching him.

After talking with C.D., Richards interviewed Johnson. Richards informed Johnson of his constitutional rights and then told him about C.D.’s allegations. Johnson agreed to waive his rights and speak to Richards.

Johnson admitted to Richards that he had been having sexual contact with C.D. since she began living with him in April 1995. He said whenever C.D. wanted her freedom, or to leave the house, the price she had to pay was to submit to him. He “got down on all fours like a dog and licked her pussy.” When he was a child, he explained, he had been forced to perform these acts on his Aunt Bertha.

When asked whether he remembered specific dates when he had sexual contact with C.D., Johnson told Richards he remembered having oral sex with C.D. sometime between September 1 and September 15, 1995. Johnson also admitted that he “grinded on” C.D. when he was with C.D. in Ohio for a funeral in October 1995.

Because of Johnson’s oral admissions, Richards notified felony review. Assistant State’s Attorney (ASA) Guinn came to the station later that evening to interview Johnson. In Richards’ presence, Johnson repeated his admissions to ASA Guinn. Again, the admissions were not reduced to writing.

As further corroboration of C.D.’s statements, Richards testified he observed bite marks and scratches on Johnson’s left arm and chest area. Richards took photographs of these marks and the photos were submitted as evidence at trial.

After the State presented its evidence, Johnson moved for an acquittal. The court granted the motion as to 7 of the 11 counts because the evidence supporting these charges referred to conduct which took place in Ohio, outside the jurisdiction of the court. The court dismissed counts II, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, and XI. The court denied the motion as to counts I, III, IV, and V.

The first witness called by the defense was Corleatha Thompson. She testified she had known Johnson for five years. In September and October 1995, Johnson and C.D. lived with Thompson and her family at 3809 South King Drive.

Because C.D. did not want to go to school, Thompson testified, Johnson fought with C.D. nearly every school day. Sometimes the fights between C.D. and Johnson became physical altercations. Thompson said she witnessed one such incident when C.D. attempted to leave the house. Johnson grabbed C.D., they struggled, and C.D. bit Johnson on the chest. Other times Thompson saw C.D. scratch Johnson on his back and arms during altercations. In the period of time C.D. lived in Thompson’s home, C.D. ran away at least twice.

Johnson testified in his own defense. He said he filed a missing persons report on October 20, 1995, because his 12-year-old daughter, C.D., had neither called nor returned home the previous day. Johnson said C.D., who came to live with him in April 1995, had a history of running away from home. Johnson also said he had difficulty disciplining C.D. Sometimes, when he attempted to restrain C.D. from leaving the house, she would bite and scratch him.

After the missing persons report was filed, Johnson testified, he looked for C.D. at an apartment building on North Burling. Johnson found C.D. on the third floor of this building, hiding behind some friends. C.D. accompanied Johnson and the building security guard to the lobby and the police were called. Two officers arrived. C.D. spoke privately with one of the police officers in the security office in the building. When the officer finished speaking to C.D., he told Johnson allegations of sexual abuse had been made against him. One officer then took C.D. to the hospital, while the other officer took Johnson to the 18th District police station.

At the station, Johnson said, he first spoke with an unidentified assistant State’s Attorney. Johnson admitted he freely chose to speak with this State’s Attorney, telling him of the disciplinary problems he was having with C.D. Johnson said he denied the allegations of sexual abuse made by C.D.

Johnson said he was taken to the “bull pen” after he finished speaking to the assistant State’s Attorney. Johnson made some vague allegations about being threatened and insulted by officers while in the “bull pen,” but said he was not questioned further until 6 or 7 p.m. At that time Officer Richards came to the “bull pen” and asked him if he had any bite marks.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
693 N.E.2d 1224, 296 Ill. App. 3d 53, 230 Ill. Dec. 473, 1998 Ill. App. LEXIS 224, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-johnson-illappct-1998.