People v. Jimenez

102 A.D.2d 439, 477 N.Y.S.2d 170, 1984 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 18805
CourtAppellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York
DecidedJuly 3, 1984
StatusPublished
Cited by14 cases

This text of 102 A.D.2d 439 (People v. Jimenez) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Jimenez, 102 A.D.2d 439, 477 N.Y.S.2d 170, 1984 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 18805 (N.Y. Ct. App. 1984).

Opinions

OPINION OF THE COURT

Alexander, J.

Manuel Jimenez stands convicted after jury trial of the crimes of robbery in the first and second degrees, grand larceny in the third degree and assault in the second degree. He appeals from this judgment of conviction, contending that he was deprived of a fair trial because a tape of a telephone call to the police 911 number was improperly received into evidence against him and because of prosecutorial misconduct. We agree that there should be a new trial, and accordingly, reverse.

[440]*440The People’s case sought to establish that the defendant and two accomplices robbed and assaulted the complainant, Joseph Babecki. The People’s proof consisted principally of Babecki’s testimony to the effect that on May 4, 1982, he went to a “gay” discotheque on 39th Street and First Avenue, known as “Stix” where he remained until closing, some four hours later. While there, he consumed 4 or 5 “weak” but “expensive” drinks. He indicated at trial, initially, that the closing time of the discotheque was 3:00 to 3:30 a.m. When confronted with his Grand Jury testimony, howevér, where he had stated that closing time was 4:00 to 4:15 a.m., he admitted to uncertainty and a lack of an ability to accurately estimate time or distance.

Babecki left the discotheque and sat on the curb. He was approached by two people who asked if he knew the location of any after-hours bars. He suggested a few, including one known as “The Anvil” which he frequented from time to time. He testified that a third person, whom he identified as the defendant, joined the group, and after some further conversation, they all left that location. Babecki rode in a white Volkswagen with John Orlando and Stanley Miller, the other two persons alleged to have participated in the robbery, and the defendant drove his own car.

Babecki testified that Orlando, who he said had a beard and was dressed in a white shirt, drove the Volkswagen. Miller, who was described as wearing a brown leather jacket, sat in the rear and Babecki sat in the front passenger seat. As they approached Bond Street and Broadway, Miller asked Orlando to stop the car so he could relieve himself. Babecki also got out of the car to stretch his legs and Orlando went back to the other car to talk to the defendant. According to Babecki, Orlando and the defendant then walked over to him and as they did so, Miller grabbed him from behind. Orlando then snatched chains from Babecki’s neck and punched him in the face as defendant, who was armed with a tire iron, banged it against the building in a threatening manner. The assailants took Babecki’s jewelry and his jacket, and sped off in their cars. As he started to walk away from the scene, Babecki realized he had dropped his cigarettes and went back to pick them up. He then noticed a telephone and dialed 911 to [441]*441report the incident. He gave a description of the three men and their automobiles. Defendant, Miller and Orland were apprehended shortly thereafter and the items that had been taken from the complainant were recovered from the Volkswagen in which Miller and Orlando were riding.

Defendant testified in his defense and denied having participated in any robbery. His version of the events differed significantly from that of the complainant. He testified that as the two cars approached Broadway and Bond Street, the Volkswagen stopped and he thought they had reached their destination. Instead, he saw the three people get out of the Volkswagen and appear to engage in a scuffle. Defendant testified that he grabbed a tire iron which he kept in the car for protection, having been mugged previously, and went to aid Orlando and Miller. As he approached them, he heard them telling the complainant to “get out of here, you f.. .g fag”.

He asked Miller and Orlando what had happened. They told him that Babecki had made homosexual advances to Orlando and that had precipitated the scuffle. Defendant stated that Babecki walked away and the three of them, defendant, Orlando and Miller, got into their cars and left. They were apprehended by the police shortly thereafter and arrested.

The complainant’s credibility was vigorously challenged in an exhaustive cross-examination during which a significant number of contradictions and inconsistencies were elicited. The issue of whether the defendant was a participant in the robbery and assault as contended by the complainant, or whether defendant merely joined the group after seeing a scuffle erupt and tried to help his friends disengage from an unwelcomed homosexual encounter was squarely presented by the conflicting testimony.

The People offered into evidence, over defense counsel’s strenuous objection, a tape of the 911 call Babecki made to the police on the night of the incident. The offer was made to establish an “account of what the victim * * * reported at the time of the incident” and not for the truth of the content of the statement. Defense counsel argued that the tape was inadmissible hearsay and constituted a prior [442]*442consistent statement, which tended to corroborate the complainant’s trial testimony as to the number of participants in the robbery and assault. The court acknowledged that the tape was hearsay, but nevertheless overruled the defense’s objection and accepted the tape as a “predicate for police action”. The court gave the jury an extended curative instruction on and an example of hearsay in order to illustrate the difference between hearsay “as opposed to what is the foundation of the offering of that conversation, which is what inspired the police to take certain action.” The court concluded its instruction as follows: “[a]nd as the statement you’re going to hear on the tape cannot be offered to prove what had occurred as stated by Mr. Babecki, but only to show that a telephone call was made, that Mr. Babecki had made certain statements and these statements prompted the police to take certain action.” The jury was provided with a written transcript of the content of the tape, with an appropriate limiting instruction from the court as to its use, and the tape was then played for the jury. At the time the tape was offered and received into evidence, the complainant had completed his testimony and apparently had left the court. Thus, contrary to the thrust of the dissents’ argument, the defendant had no opportunity to cross-examine the complainant in respect to this out-of-court statement.

Receipt of the tape into evidence was manifest error, not at all ameliorated by the court’s curative instruction. The simple fact is that not only was the tape rank hearsay, it was totally irrelevant. No issue had been raised as to the “predicate for police action” nor was there any need to demonstrate through the tape “that Mr. Babecki had made certain statements and that these statements prompted the police to take certain action.” Thus, the only relevance this tape had to this trial was as a prior consistent statement offered to bolster the credibility of the complaining witness and to corroborate his trial testimony as to how many persons actually participated in the alleged robbery. That such was its purpose and effect is graphically illustrated by the Assistant District Attorney’s impermissible use of the content of the tape during his summation.

[443]*443He argued that the complainant was correct in claiming at trial that there were three people involved in the robbery, and stated:

“Now, by the defendant’s own admission, there were only three people involved, in addition to the complainant.

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Bluebook (online)
102 A.D.2d 439, 477 N.Y.S.2d 170, 1984 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 18805, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-jimenez-nyappdiv-1984.