People v. Hall

301 N.W.2d 903, 102 Mich. App. 483, 1980 Mich. App. LEXIS 3151
Michigan Court of Appeals·Decided December 15, 1980·No. Docket 49448·Published·Cited by 5 cases

Opinions

J. H. Gillis, J.

Defendant was charged with first-degree felony murder, MCL 750.316; MSA 28.548. He was convicted of second-degree murder, MCL 750.317; MSA 28.549, and sentenced to 25 to 40 years imprisonment. This appeal is brought as of right. GCR 1963, 806.1.

Defendant raises six issues on appeal and requests remand for an evidentiary hearing on the question of whether he was denied effective assistance of counsel with regard to his attorney’s failure or refusal to subpoena certain witnesses.

The testimony of the witnesses who were pres[487]*487ent at trial indicates that during the evening of November 20, 1978, Eddie Godlove answered a knock at his door and was confronted with a male and a female. The man grabbed Godlove, announced a stick-up, and hit Godlove with a gun when Godlove began to yell. The gun discharged, hitting the female accomplice (Shirley Howard) in the neck. The man fled, leaving the woman lying on the floor. She died sometime later.

Mr. Godlove could not identify the man involved in the attempted robbery. Jessie Tolbert testified, however, that he and defendant’s brother, Ronald Hall, had joined six other people (including defendant and Ms. Howard) in a Detroit restaurant earlier in the evening of November 20, 1978, in an attempt to borrow some guns owned by defendant and a friend. Tolbert intended to rob Godlove but was unable to persuade defendant and his friend to give up their firearms. However, Tolbert testified that the discussion soon turned to how such a robbery could be committed. Apparently, unnamed members of the group decided that a female should knock on Godlove’s door and one or more of the men would rush in as soon as the door was opened.

Tolbert and Ronald Hall left the restaurant with two other members of the group (Daisy Brewster and Bunny). Later, defendant’s brother received a phone call at Tolbert’s house which prompted the two men to drive past Godlove’s home "to see if the girl was dead”. Because numerous police officers were at the Godlove home, Tolbert and Ronald Hall merely drove by and returned to Tolbert’s home. Several days later, however, Tolbert asked defendant what had happened and was told that Ms. Howard had knocked on Godlove’s door, the door was opened, and defendant followed Howard [488]*488and Bob Fierson into the home and saw Fierson attempt to hit Godlove with the gun. Howard was shot when the gun inadvertently discharged. Defendant and Fierson immediately ran out, leaving Howard lying on the floor. Fierson was one of the men who was with the group in the restaurant when Tolbert, Ronald Hall, Ms. Brewster and Bunny left.

Defendant’s claim that the trial court erred in admitting into evidence photographs of the God-love entry hall which depicted a bloodstained carpet is rejected. The admission of such photographs rests with the trial court’s discretion. People v Eddington, 387 Mich 551; 198 NW2d 297 (1972). The court’s decision will be upheld if the photographs were "substantially necessary or instructive to show material facts or conditions” and it does not appear that they were offered in an attempt to "excite passion or prejudice”. People v Falkner, 389 Mich 682, 685; 209 NW2d 193 (1973). We find that no error occurred here. The photographs were probative of the question whether the "robbers” had actually entered the home, as was stated by Mr. Godlove. Because they depicted only a bloodstained carpet, we do not find an intent to prejudice the jury.

We also find unpersuasive defendant’s argument that he was prejudiced when a woman began to cry in the courtroom. Although the woman was believed to be Ms. Howard’s mother, we find no reversible error in the event. Defendant cites no authority in support of his claim and we have found nothing which requires reversal on this ground.

Defendant’s challenge to Tolbert’s testimony that he (Tolbert) and Ronald Hall drove by God-love’s house to see if Ms. Howard was dead is [489]*489premised on the hearsay rule. Defendant argues that Tolbert’s testimony that Ronald Hall received a phone call after which Tolbert and Hall drove by Godlove’s house "[t]o see what was said really happened * * * to see if the girl was dead”, constitutes hearsay admitted to prove the truth of the matter asserted. This argument is unavailing. The testimony indicated only that someone called defendant’s brother at Tolbert’s house and told him that Shirley Howard had been killed during the robbery attempt at Godlove’s house. This may have been hearsay, but its admission into evidence was harmless at best; Ms. Howard’s death had already been established by other evidence.

The only potentially prejudicial inference flowing from the challenged testimony was that defendant had made the telephone call. We do not deem such an inference likely enough to require reversal. Nothing in the testimony made it more reasonable to infer that the caller was defendant instead of one of the other individuals involved.

Defendant also argues that Tolbert’s testimony as to the restaurant meeting was inadmissible hearsay which was highly prejudicial to the defendant. The prosecutor argues that the statements were made in furtherance of a conspiracy and were thus admissible under MRE 801(d)(2)(E). We agree.

The cited court rule permits the admission into evidence of coconspirator’s statements "during the course and in furtherance of the conspiracy on independent proof of the conspiracy”. This exception to the hearsay rule was applied to cases in which no conspiracy had been charged, before the enactment of the Michigan Rules of Evidence, People v Stewart, 46 Mich App 282, 285; 207 NW2d 907 (1973), aff'd 397 Mich 1; 242 NW2d 760 [490]*490(1976) , modified 400 Mich 540; 256 NW2d 31 (1977) , People v Shepherd, 63 Mich App 316, 322; 234 NW2d 502 (1975), People v Adams, 48 Mich App 595, 599; 210 NW2d 888 (1973), and People v Woodfork, 47 Mich App 631, 633; 209 NW2d 829 (1973). We see no policy reason why it cannot continue to be applied in such cases.

Our review of the record discloses prima facie evidence of a conspiracy independent of the restaurant meeting testimony. Mr. Godlove’s testimony established that two people attempted to rob him and that one was shot in the process. The acts of the then unknown robbers circumstantially established that they were engaged in a concert of action. Tolbert’s testimony reiterating defendant’s admitted participation in the robbery attempt establishes his connection to the conspiracy or concert of action. This was an essential element of the independent proofs. It was admissible under MRE 801(d)(2)(A), as a party admission which did not rise to the status of a confession. See, e.g., People v Porter, 269 Mich 284, 289-291; 257 NW 705 (1934). See, also, People v Moncure, 94 Mich App 252, 257-261; 288 NW2d 675 (1979).

Tolbert’s testimony in this regard was admitted after he testified to the restaurant meeting. While some authority exists for the proposition that the independent proof of the conspiracy must be offered and admitted before the coconspirator’s statements can be admitted, People v Scotts, 80 Mich App 1; 263 NW2d 272 (1977), we adhere to the rule that "[t]he order of presentation of the proofs was unimportant, as it is clear that [the] trial court may vary the order of proofs and admit the coconspirator’s statements contingent upon later production of the independent evidence required under MRE 801(d)(2)(E).

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People v. Hall, 301 N.W.2d 903, 102 Mich. App. 483, 1980 Mich. App. LEXIS 3151 (Mich. Ct. App. 1980).

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