People v. Godwin

570 N.E.2d 1276, 212 Ill. App. 3d 435, 156 Ill. Dec. 554, 1991 Ill. App. LEXIS 719
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedMay 2, 1991
DocketNo. 5—89—0133
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 570 N.E.2d 1276 (People v. Godwin) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Godwin, 570 N.E.2d 1276, 212 Ill. App. 3d 435, 156 Ill. Dec. 554, 1991 Ill. App. LEXIS 719 (Ill. Ct. App. 1991).

Opinion

JUSTICE WELCH

delivered the opinion of the court:

Defendant, Allen R. Godwin, appeals from a judgment of the circuit court of Jackson County finding him guilty of felony deceptive practices. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 38, par. 17—l(B)(d).) Defendant was sentenced to five years’ imprisonment to be served consecutively to a sentence he is currently serving. In this cause, defendant raises the following issues: (1) whether the sentence must be vacated because he was previously convicted of deceptive practices based on transactions occurring within the same 90-day period, and (2) whether the court was authorized to impose an extended-term sentence.

Defendant was charged with theft and felony deceptive practices in Washington County on December 12, 1986. While these charges were pending, Jackson County was investigating similar charges alleged to have occurred on December 6-9,1986.

On February 20, 1987, defendant pleaded guilty to felony deceptive practices in Washington County and was sentenced to three years’ imprisonment. That conviction is not the subject of this appeal.

On May 10, 1988, defendant was charged in Jackson County with deceptive practices based upon bad checks passed in December 1986. Defendant was convicted of felony deceptive practices in Jackson County on September 15, 1988, after a bench trial. On December 19, 1988, he was sentenced to five years’ imprisonment to be served consecutively to his current sentence.

Defendant’s first argument on appeal is that his Jackson County conviction must be vacated because it was based on transactions occurring within the same 90-day time period as those on which his Washington County conviction was based. Defendant argues that section 17 — 1(B) of the Criminal Code of 1961 requires that, in a prosecution for deceptive practices involving separate transactions totaling more than $150 in a 90-day period, such separate transactions shall be alleged in a single charge and prosecuted in a single action.

Defendant’s argument presents an interesting question for our review, as the two prosecutions were brought in different counties, by different prosecutors acting independently of each other. Such a situation has not arisen before under the statute. However, we derive some guidance from three cases which discuss this provision of the Criminal Code under somewhat similar circumstances.

In People v. Jones (1986), 149 Ill. App. 3d 275, 500 N.E.2d 45, defendant was charged with three counts of deceptive practices, each for several transactions aggregating over $150. Defendant had written a total of 48 bad checks between July 22 and September 26, 1984. On appeal, defendant argued that two of his three convictions must be reversed because he wrote all of the bad checks within one 90-day period and the deceptive practices statute mandates a single felony prosecution and sentence. The Third District of the Appellate Court found no error in the State’s bringing three separate charges and prosecutions against the defendant. The court’s reasoning, which we find persuasive, was as follows:

“The obvious intent of the legislature in enacting section 17— l(B)(e) was to allow the State to punish a defendant as a felon if he was convicted of writing bad checks totaling more than $150. The legislature also intended to prevent the State from unfairly aggregating felony charges by arbitrarily subdividing a set of bad-check offenses into as many groups totaling greater than $150 as possible. The legislature’s intent was carried out in this case.
The State did not attempt to aggregate the charges against the defendant by arbitrarily dividing up the group of offenses. [To the contrary,] [t]he State merely filed each charge promptly after each distinct group of the defendant’s transgressions became apparent. No unfair or arbitrary grouping or aggregation of charges occurred here.” (Jones, 149 Ill. App. 3d at 276-77, 500 N.E.2d at 46.)

As we have already stated, we find this reasoning applicable to and persuasive in the case at bar. Defendant argues, however, that the instant case is distinguishable from Jones because, in the instant case, the prosecutor substantially delayed in filing charges. Defendant urges .us to follow two other cases in which different results were reached.

In People v. Bratcher (1986), 149 Ill. App. 3d 425, 500 N.E.2d 954, defendant was charged with seven counts of deceptive practices based on seven bad checks he had written in a single day. Defendant was charged with seven Class 4 felonies because, the State. alleged, the seven bad checks totaled $202.77. On appeal, we held that the language of section 17 — 1(B) clearly requires that this prosecution be brought in a single charge.

We stand by our decision in Bratcher, for we find it to be distinguishable from Jones. In Bratcher, unlike in Jones, the prosecutor brought separate charges in order to maximize the defendant’s penalty. It was this type of abuse which the statute was intended to prohibit.

In People v. Burke (1987), 164 Ill. App. 3d 468, 517 N.E.2d 1191, defendant was convicted of six counts of deceptive practices based upon delivery of six bad checks between March 1 and March 26, 1985. None of the checks was for more than $150, but together they totaled $329.94. All the convictions were for Class 4 felonies. The Second District of the Appellate Court held that under section 17—1(B), defendant should have been charged with a single count of felony deceptive practice. The court distinguished Jones, where the prosecutor filed each charge promptly after each distinct group of defendant’s transgressions became apparent.

We find the instant case to be similar to Jones, and find its reasoning persuasive. The intent of the statute was to prevent a prosecutor from arbitrarily or intentionally aggregating transactions so as to increase a defendant’s culpability and penalty. In the instant case, the two series of transactions took place in separate counties, where separate prosecutions were appropriate. The two prosecutors did not arbitrarily divide the charges, nor did they arbitrarily divide the chore of prosecution. Separate State’s Attorneys in separate counties filed charges for separate series of bad checks. Indeed, to follow defendant’s reasoning would prohibit any prosecution for the Jackson County offense, for the venue provision of the Criminal Code of 1961 provides that prosecutions must be brought in the county in which the offense was committed. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 38, par. 1—6. See People v. Eaton (1990), 207 Ill. App. 3d 182, 565 N.E.2d 733.) Under such a scenario, a defendant could write bad checks totaling $150 in one county, subjecting himself to prosecution, then cross the county line the next day and write an infinite number of bad checks knowing that he could never be prosecuted therefor. Certainly, the legislature did not intend such a result.

Defendant argues, however, that the Jackson County prosecutor’s delay in bringing charges distinguishes this case from Jones.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
570 N.E.2d 1276, 212 Ill. App. 3d 435, 156 Ill. Dec. 554, 1991 Ill. App. LEXIS 719, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-godwin-illappct-1991.