Filed 12/4/14 P. v. Frank CA4/2
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
THE PEOPLE,
Plaintiff and Respondent, E059627
v. (Super.Ct.No. FVI1300674)
CHRISTOPHER JAMES FRANK, OPINION
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from the Superior Court of San Bernardino County. John B. Gibson and
Jules E. Fleuret, Judges. Affirmed.
Christopher James Frank, in pro. per.; and Lizabeth Weis, under appointment by
the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and Appellant.
No appearance for Plaintiff and Respondent.
I
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
An information charged defendant and appellant Christopher James Frank with
multiple offenses stemming from an incident on March 3, 2013, at his house, in which his
1 girlfriend (the victim) was assaulted, as follows: (1) kidnapping under Penal Code1
section 207, subdivision (a) (count 1); (2) criminal threats under section 422 (count 2);
(3) possession of a firearm by a felon under section 29800, subdivision (a) (count 3);
(4) possession of ammunition by a felon under section 30305, subdivision (a)(1) (count
4); (5) assault with a firearm under section 245, subdivision (a)(2) (count 5), with the
allegations that defendant personally used a firearm under section 12022.5, subdivisions
(a) and (d), and inflicted great bodily injury under section 12022.7, subdivision (a);
(6) torture under section 206 (count 6); (7) sexual penetration by a foreign object under
section 289, subdivision (a)(1)(A) (count 7); (8) corporal injury to a cohabitant under
section 273.5, subdivision (a) (count 8), with the allegations that defendant personally
used a firearm under sections 1203.06, subdivision (a)(1), 12022.5, subdivision (a), and
inflicted great bodily injury under section 12022.7, subdivision (e); and (9) false
imprisonment by violence under section 236 (count 9). The information also alleged that
defendant was previously convicted of a violation of section 245, subdivision (a)(1); and
a strike prior under sections 1170.12, subdivisions (a) through (d), and 667, subdivisions
(b) through (i).
Defendant admitted his 2003 prior felony conviction for assault with a deadly
weapon.
The jury found defendant not guilty of kidnapping (count 1) and sexual
penetration by a foreign object (count 7). The jury found defendant guilty of criminal
1 All statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise specified.
2 threats (count 2); possession of a firearm by a felon (count 3); possession of ammunition
by a felon (count 4); assault with a firearm (count 5); torture (count 6); corporal injury to
a cohabitant (count 8); and false imprisonment by violence (count 9). Regarding the
special allegations, the jury found that (1) defendant personally used a firearm during the
commission of the assault, but that he did not inflict great bodily injury; and (2)
defendant personally used a firearm and inflicted great bodily injury in the commission of
corporal injury to a cohabitant.
The court sentenced defendant to prison under section 667, subdivisions
(b) through (i), for a total term of 24 years to life, as follows: 14 years to life for torture;
upper term of six years for the principal determinate count, criminal threats, to be served
consecutively; and one year, four months each for possession of a firearm, possession of
ammunition, and false imprisonment, to be served consecutively. The terms for count 5,
assault with a firearm, and count 8, corporal injury to a cohabitant, were stayed under
section 654.
Defendant filed a timely notice of appeal. Thereafter, defendant filed numerous
motions on appeal in pro. per. His motions to augment the record have been granted but
his motions for new appellate counsel have been denied.
II
STATEMENT OF FACTS
In the early evening on March 3, 2013, John Mahany was home on Mariner Street.
Defendant, his neighbor, came to Mahany’s door. Their houses are on a lake, with access
to a dock in the backyard. Defendant appeared nervous, anxious and acted strangely, as
3 he explained some problems at his house. Defendant was concerned that there was
someone talking on a cell phone in the attic of his house, and that a couple of people had
come in through the roof and trashed his house. When he chased them out, they ran
down the street in opposite directions. Defendant asked to borrow Mahany’s phone.
Defendant did not mention that his girlfriend was at the house. While they were talking,
defendant stopped a car on the street and asked the driver to open the trunk; the driver
obliged and then drove on after defendant saw there was nothing there. After defendant
left, Mahany called defendant’s grandmother, who owned the house, to tell her about
defendant’s strange behavior.
Michael Claunch was throwing a ball for his dog in front of his house, across the
cul-de-sac from defendant’s house, around 6:30 p.m. on March 3, 2013. The ball rolled
into defendant’s open garage; Claunch went to retrieve it. He saw a black Cadillac in the
garage as he approached and called out, “Hello,” to announce himself. Defendant came
running out and asked Claunch what was going on. After Claunch explained he was
retrieving his ball, defendant told Claunch that defendant’s house had been broken into.
When Claunch asked if defendant had called the sheriff’s department, defendant said he
called but they had not shown up. When Claunch suggested that defendant should call
again, he confessed that he had not called law enforcement. Defendant then “went off”
telling Claunch that people had been in his attic but now they were somewhere on the
loose. Claunch told defendant he really needed to call the sheriff’s department, and then
defendant wanted Claunch to hear a recording on defendant’s cell phone. Defendant was
scratching his arms and seemed very jittery. Claunch figured defendant might be on
4 something. Claunch started backing down to the street, but defendant followed him and
continued to talk. Claunch repeated that defendant should call the police and defendant
responded that he had one of them tied up in the trunk. Claunch asked, “‘You have
somebody tied up in the trunk of your car?’” Defendant responded, “‘No, I have them
tied to a trunk in the house.’” Claunch said defendant needed to call the police because
he could not just tie people up in his house. When defendant told Claunch he was going
to handle it himself, Claunch said he would call the police. Defendant did not tell
Claunch anything about his girlfriend or a woman.
Thereafter, Claunch went to ask Mahany if he knew what was going on at
defendant’s house. After talking about their encounters with defendant, they called 911.
About 6:45 p.m. on March 3, 2013, in response to the call made by defendant’s
neighbors that defendant had someone duct taped inside his house, Deputies Kirkendall
and Kraft both arrived at defendant’s house. Upon arrival, they heard defendant yelling
inside the house. Through the glass panel in the front door, Kraft saw defendant in the
rear of the house. The gate was locked so Deputy Kraft jumped the white fence and
knocked on the door, announcing it was the sheriff’s department. Defendant and his
mother, Kimberly Frank, approached in the hallway. At that point, the garage door
opened and defendant’s mother came out. She told Deputy Kirkendall that her son was
inside; he was yelling and upset. A black Cadillac was parked in the garage.
In the living room, Deputy Kirkendall found defendant’s mother, defendant’s
grandmother, and defendant sitting on the couch with defendant’s arm around the victim.
The victim had extensive swelling and bruising to her face. As Deputy Kirkendall asked
5 the victim what had happened and who was responsible for her injuries, the victim would
turn toward defendant and then answer. Defendant also cut off the victim and answered
some of the questions on her behalf. This struck the deputy as unusual and made him
suspicious.
When asked who caused her injuries, the victim stated it was Eric Norris,
defendant’s friend. She, however, did not know why Norris had injured her. She said
that Norris showed up and told her he was there to pick up his PlayStation, a television,
and a bong; he offered her $200 to let him in. When Norris got inside, he asked where
defendant was and became upset. When the victim said that defendant was on a walk,
Norris slammed her against the corner of the hallway, punched her about 30 times, and
then left without taking anything. The victim told Deputy Kirkendall about the injuries to
her face and her knee, but nothing else.
After the victim talked to the deputies the first time, they went around looking for
evidence. Deputy Kirkendall found the master bedroom trashed with things thrown
around. There was a roll of duct tape and a piece of duct tape with hair on the floor by
the door. A blood-stained suitcase was in the master bathroom, and blood, clothes (a
brown shirt and black shorts), and towels were in the shower. There were what appeared
to be wiped drops of blood across the floor in the hallway leading to the guest bathroom.
In the guest bathroom, another set of soaking wet clothes were on the floor of the shower;
a bloody towel was on the counter.
Deputy Kraft found two unused .12-gauge shotgun rounds and an unused 7.62 rifle
round on the desk in the garage. A few seconds later, defendant came into the garage.
6 The deputy asked defendant if there were any guns or knives in the house. Defendant
stated that there were no guns, but several knives were in his car, and he had a machete
above his headboard. Defendant said that the ammunition Deputy Kraft found was left
over from skeet shooting with some friends the week prior. Defendant then returned to
the house. Deputy Kraft continued to look in the garage and saw the butt of a black .12-
gauge shotgun propping up the lid to a trash can. Inside the trash can, there was a duffle
bag with a wooden SKS assault rifle, which used the 7.62 rifle rounds from the desk. The
deputy also found a box on the floor in the master bedroom that contained two additional
unused .12-gauge shotgun shells, one more unused 7.62 rifle round, and a college ID card
belonging to defendant.
Deputy Kraft returned to the living room and asked defendant why he lied about
having no guns in the house. Initially, defendant denied having said that. He then stated
that the rifle belonged to Norris and the shotgun belonged to the victim. The victim
agreed that the shotgun was hers. Defendant told Deputy Kraft that he was not allowed
to have guns because of his past, and he speculated that Norris must have put the rifle in
the trash can after he assaulted the victim. The deputy ran the serial numbers on the
weapons; they were not registered to anyone.
Neither deputy believed that the evidence supported the victim’s version of events
because she had stated that Norris had hit her in the living room. However, there was no
blood in the living room. Deputy Kirkendall handcuffed defendant and put him in the
patrol car in order to question the victim without defendant present.
7 In the living room were the victim, defendant’s mother and defendant’s
grandmother; the deputies told the victim that her story did not match the evidence and
that she needed to tell them the truth. The victim said that she couldn’t say anything
because, “‘He’ll kill me.’” Deputy Kirkendall asked who she was talking about. The
victim started crying and finally stated, “‘Christopher’” (defendant’s name). She
repeated that she was afraid defendant would kill her and her family if she said anything.
The victim then started to repeat the story about Norris, but Deputy Kirkendall told her
that he felt she was lying and she could be arrested for delaying and resisting a peace
officer. The victim kept saying, “‘I can’t. He’ll kill me.’” At this point, Deputy
Kirkendall handcuffed the victim and told her that he was taking her to the station. She
said she didn’t want to go to jail. The deputy told her that that was where she was going.
The victim then stated she would tell him everything if he took the cuffs off.
Deputy Kirkendall removed the cuffs. The victim cried as she told him that
defendant came home and started accusing her of cheating on him with Norris. He hit
her five or six times in the face, dragged her down the hallway by her hair twice, duct
taped her mouth, put her in the trunk of the car, and hit her with the black shotgun. The
victim also stated that the shotgun and rifle belonged to defendant. The deputies believed
that the victim was telling the truth.
Deputy Kirkendall went out to the patrol car, told defendant he was being arrested,
and read him his rights under Miranda v. Arizona (1966) 384 U.S. 26. Defendant told
Deputy Kirkendall to find his cell phone if he wanted to know what happened because
Norris had called and asked to cook methamphetamine in defendant’s attic. Defendant
8 believed that Norris showed up and beat the victim after defendant turned him down.
The deputy noted that defendant’s hands had small cuts and some bruising. Defendant
stated that they were from working on a paddle boat. Defendant did not tell the deputy
that his home had been burglarized.
At defendant’s insistence, Deputy Kraft inspected the attic but found nothing
consistent with cooking methamphetamine. Deputy Kirkendall went to Norris’s house
three weeks later and spoke to Norris’s father; he stated that Norris refused to talk. The
deputies never questioned Norris. Norris was checked for warrants but the deputy could
not recall the results. Deputy Kirkendall stated that he would not be surprised if Norris
had outstanding warrants.
The victim’s face was too swollen for Deputy Kirkendall to tell if she was under
the influence of any substance. The deputy was present for a meeting with the prosecutor
and the victim before the preliminary examination. He did not remember the victim
telling him whether she used drugs prior to the incident.
At trial, the victim testified that she began to date defendant after they met in
November of 2012. Even though she never officially moved in, she eventually slept and
ate at the lake house. Her things were there. She did not have a key to the house or a
control for the garage door. She never left the house without defendant. When her
mother would pick her up, defendant would let her out through the garage door. Her
mother would drop her off in the front yard when she returned. The victim and defendant
broke up at one point, but he never asked her to move out. She was still living there and
in a sexual relationship with him. She did not recall whether defendant had broken up
9 with her on March 3, the day of the incident. The victim admitted that she used
methamphetamine on the day before the incident, and had received immunity from the
prosecution for that conduct.
The victim testified that she was home alone around 1:30 p.m. to 2:00 p.m. on
March 3, wearing defendant’s black sweat pants and his brown shirt; she was sleeping in
the bed in the master bedroom. Defendant came home and woke the victim up. He asked
her who she was talking to out the window. Defendant was upset because he suspected
that the victim was cheating on him with Norris. He wanted to know where she was
hiding “Sancho,” which she understood to mean “secret lover.” She told him that she
was not cheating on him. Defendant stated that she was lying and that made him angrier.
The victim remembered what happened, but she was fuzzy on the chronological order of
events.
Defendant punched the victim in the face and stomach more times than she could
count. Defendant grabbed her by the ankles or legs and pulled her out of bed. She ended
up on the floor, but she did not recall whether this was before or after defendant punched
her. Defendant kept repeating that the victim was lying. He stated that he would stop if
she told him the truth. She repeated that she was not cheating on him. Although the
victim asked defendant to stop, he did not.
Defendant grabbed a plastic shoehorn that was on the couch and hit her thighs
with it repeatedly. She did not remember where she was but she did not believe she was
wearing pants at this time.
10 Defendant dragged the victim up and down the hall by her hair. She believed she
was wearing clothes at the time because she did not have burns from being dragged. She
did not try to fight against him. She, however, asked defendant to stop.
The victim did not recall where she was, but at some point, defendant left her
alone. She did not know what he was doing or where he was going. She did not try to
leave because she thought it would have made defendant angrier. Defendant came back
with a black shotgun, which was kept in a few places in the house. The victim testified
that she was naked when defendant shoved the shotgun in her vagina. Defendant also hit
her with the tip of the shotgun on her foot, hand, arm, and stomach. He hit her hip with
the butt of the gun.
The victim knew defendant also had a brown rifle and that he had bullets for the
guns. She had not seen defendant use either of the guns but had seen him load bullets in
them. She also had loaded bullets into the clips and defendant had shown her how to
check if the safety was on. Defendant told her the guns were his but that he was not
allowed to own guns.
At some point, defendant forced the victim to take a cold shower in her clothes.
She removed the wet clothes in the shower and did not put more clothes on. She
identified a white T-shirt and a towel that she used; both were stained with her blood.
Defendant wrapped the T-shirt around the victim’s neck and strangled her with it until
she almost passed out.
When the victim did not have any clothing on, defendant took her by the arm into
the garage. He pulled down the ladder to the attic and told her to go up there to look for
11 Sancho. She went into the garage without resisting because any resistance would have
made defendant angrier. Defendant told her to keep looking for Sancho; he then closed
the attic door. She did not try to climb down from the attic fearing that defendant would
get angry. She sat in the attic. About 15 to 20 minutes later, defendant opened the door
and told the victim to come down.
Defendant also grabbed the victim by the arm and made her get into the trunk of
his black Cadillac. She did not believe she was wearing clothes at the time. Defendant
closed the trunk and left her in there. The victim actually felt a little safer because she
was away from defendant. After 15 to 20 minutes, defendant came back, opened the
trunk, and told her to get out. At this point, defendant got angry when he stepped in some
dog feces on the floor; he wiped it off his foot and put it on the victim’s face.
Defendant bent and broke the victim’s right middle finger. He also put duct tape
across her mouth. She identified a piece of duct tape that defendant had used; it had
strands of her hair attached. Defendant also bit the victim’s nose and cheek, leaving scars
shaped like teeth marks. Her nose was broken and she had stitches to close a cut on her
eyebrow. Defendant also stuck his fingers in the victim’s eyes, which caused
hemorrhaging in both eyes.
The victim did not try to escape. It was not possible to escape because the front
door was deadbolted with a key possessed only by defendant. Defendant sometimes left
the key on a coat rack in the hallway; sometimes it was in a safe. The victim did not
remember if she had looked for it to escape. Even if she had, there was not enough time
to unlock the front door and then the gate without defendant hearing her or the keys. She
12 did not leave out of the sliding glass back door because it leads to the lake. There was a
white fence the victim could have jumped over and into the neighbor’s yard, as well as a
pathway from the dock of defendant’s house to the neighbor’s dock. She, however, did
not try to escape because her injuries prevented her from moving quickly.
The victim did not try to call the police. There was no landline and defendant had
the victim’s cell phone. Defendant could see that the victim needed medical help and
told her he would call the police if she would tell them that Norris was the one who hurt
her. Defendant told her to tell the police that Norris came over to pick up his PlayStation,
TV and a bong, then got angry and hit the victim when she would not tell him where
defendant was.
The victim took defendant seriously when he stated that she would “end up dead”
if she told anyone that he was the person who hurt her. He knew where her family lived.
Also, she feared that his friends would come after her if she was responsible for putting
him in jail.
Before the police arrived, the victim believed that she took another shower,
cleaned up the dog feces from her face, and got dressed. Then she and defendant
practiced the story the victim was supposed to tell the police.
The victim estimated that about six to seven hours after the events started,
defendant’s mother, grandmother, and the two police officers arrived around the same
time.
The victim could not recall if the police questioned her when they first arrived,
with defendant present. The victim remembered sitting on the couch in the living room,
13 and that defendant may have already been arrested and placed in the police car when she
talked to the police. She told them the story about Norris that defendant had made up and
she had practiced. She stated that the police did not believe her. They asked her the
same questions over and over, but she repeatedly told them the same story because she
was afraid of defendant’s threats. The victim was afraid that she would be charged with a
felony for lying to the police. This was when she finally told them the truth.
The victim did not tell the police that defendant put the shotgun in her vagina at
the time because she was uncomfortable telling the male officers. Moreover, at the
hospital she denied she had been raped because she thought rape meant forced sex with a
person. Moreover, she was embarrassed to tell anyone at the hospital because her family
was there and she had a male doctor. The first time she mentioned the vaginal assault
and dog feces incident was in an email to the female deputy district attorney.
The victim was treated in the emergency room and released. She returned to the
hospital the next day, dehydrated, nauseous, and in pain. She was admitted for four days.
The victim was diagnosed with a concussion. Dr. Munir, the treating physician,
described her as suffering major trauma caused by a significant amount of force, such as
a car accident. She had nasal fractures and her face was very swollen. She also had
stitches to suture cuts on her eyebrow and left knee. Dr. Munir identified what he
believed to be bite marks on the victim’s left cheek. She had staples to close a laceration
on her scalp. The victim’s abdominal area had marks that looked like someone had
pushed a gun hard into her stomach. The victim told the doctor that she was beaten up by
her boyfriend. The doctor stated that the victim’s injuries were consistent with what the
14 victim had told him. Dr. Munir forgot to ask her whether she had been sexually
assaulted, but there was nothing in the hospital record that indicated sexual assault. Dr.
Munir suspected that the victim had a history of drug abuse; her family members
discussed that with the nurses.
The victim was treated by a psychologist and psychiatrist for PTSD and
depression after this incident with defendant.
In the middle of trial, Deputy Kirkendall discovered that he had recorded a portion
of his contacts with defendant and the victim on a recorder attached to his belt. He
routinely turned the belt recorder on only when he was talking to or escorting individuals.
If he kept the recorder on at all times, the memory card would fill up with irrelevant
noise. The recording was about 20 minutes long, beginning with the victim’s statements
about Norris; the deputy walking defendant to the patrol unit; a portion with defendant’s
mother; and a portion with the two deputies. The recording did not include Deputy
Kirkendall advising defendant of his Miranda rights. Defendant is heard asking if he is
under arrest. Deputy Kirkendall responded that defendant was not and that he would
Mirandize defendant if he were under arrest. The recorder is then turned off. The deputy
turned it off because he was walking back to the house. The deputy did not turn the
recorder back on when he went back to the patrol car to tell defendant he was under
arrest. He did, however, document in his report the time that he advised defendant of his
rights.
Defendant objected to the admission of statements made by him; he argued that he
was not advised of his Miranda rights and that the prosecution had failed to meet the
15 burden that defendant knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently waived his rights. The
court ruled that the uncontradicted evidence showed that defendant was advised of his
The next morning, after defense counsel had the opportunity to listen to the belt
recording, he argued that the recording contained previously undisclosed exculpatory
statements made by both defendant and the victim. The victim is heard telling Deputy
Kirkendall that she let Norris into the house and he harmed the victim. The victim was
asked about the shotgun and denied it was hers. Defense counsel argued that Deputy
Kirkendall was then heard asking Deputy Kraft if he got a serial number off the shotgun
and if he ran it. The gun came back registered to the victim. Then they confronted her
with that and she admitted it was her gun.
Moreover, in the recording, defendant is heard telling Deputy Kirkendall that $600
and medical marijuana were stolen from his safe; this was never disclosed before. It
corroborated defendant’s statement to his attorney that the victim had opened the safe for
Norris and he stole property from the safe.
Furthermore, in response to Deputy Kirkendall’s questions about injuries to his
hands, defendant is heard saying he hurt himself fixing the paddle boat.
In light of this evidence, defense counsel renewed his motion for a mistrial. He
argued that defendant was ambushed by the late discovery of exculpatory evidence. The
prosecution replied that the deputy did not indicate to her or in the police report that there
was a belt recording, and that she was unaware it existed until the deputy mentioned it in
court. After discussion, it appears that the trial court denied defendant’s motion for a
16 mistrial, but allowed defense counsel to play the belt recording for the jury without a
transcript.
III
ANALYSIS
After defendant appealed, and upon his request, this court appointed counsel to
represent him. Counsel has filed a brief under the authority of People v. Wende (1979)
25 Cal.3d 436 and Anders v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 738, setting forth a statement of
the case, a summary of the facts and potential arguable issues, and requesting this court to
undertake a review of the entire record.
We offered defendant an opportunity to file a personal supplemental brief, and he
has done so. On July 14, 2014, defendant filed a 56-page handwritten supplemental brief
with exhibits. Thereafter, on October 14, 2014, defendant filed a 23-page handwritten
second supplemental brief. In his briefs, defendant essentially argues ineffective
assistance of counsel (IAC); prosecutorial misconduct; that his sentencing under the
“Three Strikes” law violated his due process rights; and a violation of his rights under
Miranda v. Arizona (1966) 384 U.S. 436.
We first address defendant’s IAC claim. In order to establish a claim of IAC,
defendant must demonstrate, “(1) counsel’s performance was deficient in that it fell
below an objective standard of reasonableness under prevailing professional norms, and
(2) counsel’s deficient representation prejudiced the defendant, i.e., there is a ‘reasonable
probability’ that, but for counsel’s failings, defendant would have obtained a more
favorable result. [Citations.] A ‘reasonable probability’ is one that is enough to
17 undermine confidence in the outcome. [Citations.]” (People v. Dennis (1998) 17 Cal.4th
468, 540-541, citing, among other cases, Strickland v. Washington (1984) 466 U.S. 668;
accord, People v. Boyette (2002) 29 Cal.4th 381, 430.) Hence, an IAC claim has two
components: deficient performance and prejudice. (Strickland, at pp. 687-688, 693-694;
People v. Williams (1997) 16 Cal.4th 153, 214-215; People v. Davis (1995) 10 Cal.4th
463, 503; People v. Ledesma (1987) 43 Cal.3d 171, 217.) If defendant fails to establish
either component, his claim fails.
In this case, defendant appears to be claiming that the performance of both his trial
counsel and appellate counsel was deficient. As for trial counsel, defendant contends that
his counsel failed to investigate his case. Defendant, however, fails to specifically
provide what investigation should have occurred, and how he would have benefitted from
such investigation. Defendant also claims IAC because counsel failed to file a motion
under section 995, “failed to provide the jury with instructions pertaining to victim’s
intoxication and/or any lesser included offenses[,]” and failed “to provide the jury with
instructions pertaining to defendant’s intoxication and/or any lesser included offenses.”
Moreover, defendant seems to be arguing IAC because trial counsel did not file a
Pitchess motion prior to trial. Furthermore, defendant appears to be arguing IAC because
of counsel’s alleged failure to interview and subpoena witnesses; failure to argue double
jeopardy; ineffective closing argument; failure to request proper jury instructions; failure
to impeach witnesses; failure to present good character evidence; failure to investigate
defendant’s mental state; failure to advise defendant properly prior to defendant
18 admitting his prior convictions; failure to file a motion for new trial; failure to inform him
of his right to testify on his own behalf.
We have reviewed the record and find that defense counsel actively and
conscientiously represented defendant throughout the trial court proceedings. Counsel
examined and cross-examined the witnesses, and made succinct and persuasive
arguments to the trial court. When a claim of ineffective assistance is made on direct
appeal, and the record does not show the reason for counsel’s challenged actions or
omissions, the conviction must be affirmed unless there could be no satisfactory
explanation. (People v. Pope (1979) 23 Cal.3d 412, 426.) Here, we need not determine
if defense counsel’s actions fell below an objective standard of reasonableness because
defendant cannot demonstrate that counsel’s alleged deficient representation prejudiced
him, i.e., there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s purported failings,
defendant would have received a more favorable result. (People v. Dennis, supra, 17
Cal.4th at pp. 540-541; Strickland v. Washington, supra, 466 U.S. at p. 687.) Defendant,
in support of his argument that he was prejudiced, simply states that he was prejudiced
because the trial resulted “in a guilty verdict.” This is insufficient. In fact, as discussed
in detail above, the evidence against defendant was overwhelming and corroborated by
the victim, the testimony of defendant’s two neighbors, and the evidence found at the
crime scene. After reviewing the evidence and defendant’s argument, we cannot say any
of the purported actions by counsel would have changed the outcome of this case. There
was no prejudice.
19 As for appellate counsel, defendant essentially argues that counsel provided IAC
for filing a Wende brief instead of presenting legal and sufficiency of the evidence issues
on appeal. Defendant’s argument is without merit because under the mandate of People
v. Kelly (2006) 40 Cal.4th 106, we have to independently review the record for potential
error. Simply filing a Wende brief does not deem a counsel’s performance as ineffective.
As to his prosecutorial misconduct argument, it appears that defendant claims
misconduct based on his belief that the prosecution manipulated the testimony of the
victim and witnesses “to avoid eliciting any exculpatory information[.]” Defendant
claims that the mental health issues of both defendant and the victim should have been
brought forth during the trial. For example, defendant states: “In this case, the jury was
incapacitated from performing that function by the prosecutor’s failure to inform them of
the evidence of victim’s prior mental health issues, her use of prescription drug addiction
[sic], victim’s drug use immediately prior and after the said incident, as well as her
lifelong history of drug and alcohol abuse.” Moreover, defendant argues prosecutorial
misconduct because counsel allegedly failed to “comply with constitutionally mandated
discovery.” In support, defendant seems to be arguing misconduct because the court
noted that “‘we either have a victim who is lying to you or a victim who has very poor
memory skills.’” Defendant goes on to state that “[w]hen the prosecution fails to correct
testimony of a prosecution witness that it knows or should know is false and misleading,
reversal is required if there is any reasonable likelihood the false testimony could have
affected the judgment of the jury. [Citation.]”
20 “Generally, a claim of prosecutorial misconduct is not reviewable on appeal unless
the defendant makes a timely objection and asks the trial court to admonish the jury to
disregard the prosecutor’s improper remarks. [Citation.] In the absence of an objection,
‘the point is reviewable only if an admonition would not have cured the harm caused by
the misconduct.’ [Citation.]” (People v. Tafoya (2007) 42 Cal.4th 147, 176.) In light of
defendant’s IAC claim, however, we hereby address defendant’s claim of prosecutorial
misconduct.
“‘A prosecutor’s misconduct violates the Fourteenth Amendment to the United
States Constitution when it “infects the trial with such unfairness as to make the
conviction a denial of due process.” [Citations.] In other words, the misconduct must be
“of sufficient significance to result in the denial of the defendant’s right to a fair trial.”
[Citation.] A prosecutor’s misconduct that does not render a trial fundamentally unfair
nevertheless violates California law if it involves “the use of deceptive or reprehensible
methods to attempt to persuade either the court or the jury.” [Citations.]’ [Citations.]”
(People v. Clark (2011) 52 Cal.4th 856, 960.) Here, defendant has failed to demonstrate
how the prosecutor’s alleged misconduct violated his right to fair trial. The prosecutor
had the right to examine the victim—there was no evidence that the victim was lying
under oath. Moreover, defendant had an opportunity to cross-examine the victim and
question her veracity. As to the discovery, the prosecutor informed the court that she did
not have any knowledge about the belt recording until the deputy mentioned it in court.
The trial court—the trier of fact—believed the prosecutor. No prosecutorial misconduct
is demonstrated.
21 Defendant further claims prosecutorial misconduct because “[t]he prosecutor
unlawfully and unconstitutionally stated her personal opinion over, (12), a dozen times in
her closing argument and rebuttal and these remarks so infected the trial with unfairness
as to make the resulting conviction a denial of due process and a fair trial.” Defendant
went on to quote another part of the prosecutor’s closing statement wherein she stated:
“‘So in this case I think clearly the defendant owned, possessed or had under his custody
and control ammunition in all three instances. Okay?’”
Defendant then claims that the trial court admonished the prosecutor by stating:
“I’ve noticed a couple of times, [prosecutor], you’ve stated what your personal beliefs
are, and that’s improper.” Defendant, however, takes this sentence out of context.
Contrary to defendant’s argument, the trial court stated: “Intent is something that is
deduced from physical evidence, actions, statements. We don’t have a way to
empirically find or judge intent. As long as [prosecutor] is drawing her conclusions
based on the testimony and evidence in this case, then I think that’s something that she’s
free to do. If she’s drawing her conclusion based on things that are outside of the
evidence— [¶] I’ve noticed a couple of times, [prosecutor], you’ve stated what your
personal beliefs are, and that’s improper. [¶] But to say that based on the evidence in
this case I think or I believe or I believe the evidence shows, I think that’s totally
permissible. And she hasn’t gone beyond what the evidence has shown. Certainly you’re
free to argue different conclusions based on the same evidence.”
We agree with the trial court that the prosecutor did not commit misconduct in her
closing argument. As pointed out above by the trial court, this was a reasonable
22 inference to draw from the evidence presented during trial—which is acceptable to argue
during closing argument.
Defendant also contends that there was “improper application of ‘second striker’
enhancement.” In support, defendant contends that his 2003 conviction under section
245, subdivision (a)(1) does not qualify as a strike. Defendant, however, admitted that on
December 5, 2003, he suffered a felony conviction for assault with a deadly weapon, as
alleged in the information. The information alleged that this prior conviction is a serious
or violent felony under the Three Strikes law. Defendant cannot now on appeal claim
that his prior conviction does not qualify as a strike.
Lastly, defendant argues that he was never read his rights under Miranda v.
Arizona, supra, 384 U.S. 436. Hence, his “incriminating statements were obtained in
violation of Miranda and their admission at [defendant’s] trial violated his clearly
established rights under the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments.” The trial court
addressed this issue. When defense counsel asked that the court exclude statements made
by defendant during his interview, the court stated: “Okay. The uncontradicted evidence
in this hearing is that Miranda warnings were read. Certainly there were questions asked
by defense that suggested that they weren’t. But those were questions, and the answer to
those questions was that the rights were read. So with the state of the evidence that’s
before me, the motion is denied. I believe that the People have carried their burden of
proof. And I will allow statements to come in.” We agree with the trial court’s
assessment of this issue.
23 We have examined the entire record and are satisfied that no arguable issues exist,
and that defendant has, by virtue of appellate counsel’s compliance with the Wende
procedure and our review of the record, received adequate and effective appellate review
of the judgment entered against him in this case. (People v. Kelly, supra, 40 Cal.4th
106.)
IV
DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
RICHLI J.
We concur:
HOLLENHORST Acting P. J.
CODRINGTON J.