People v. Ford

Opinion

SECOND DIVISION October 17, 2006

No. 1-04-1392

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from the ) Circuit Court of Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Cook County. ) v. ) ) JOE FORD, ) Honorable ) Catherine M. Haberkorn, Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge Presiding.

JUSTICE SOUTH delivered the opinion of the court:

Defendant Joe Ford entered a negotiated plea of guilty to a charge of retail theft

and was sentenced to one year of probation. The trial court subsequently found that

defendant had violated his probation and sentenced him to five years' imprisonment.

On appeal from that judgment, defendant contends for the first time that the trial court's

failure to admonish him pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 605(b) (188 Ill. 2d R. 605(b))

when he entered his guilty plea requires that his cause be remanded. He also contends

that the trial court improperly ignored his pro se claims of ineffective assistance of

counsel, sentenced him to an excessive term of five years' imprisonment, and failed to

admonish him pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 605(a) (Official Reports Advance Sheet

No. 21 (October 17, 2001) R. 605(a), eff. October 1, 2001) following the imposition of 1-04-1392

that sentence.

On February 19, 2003, defendant entered a negotiated plea of guilty to a charge

of retail theft, a Class 3 felony. The charge stemmed from an incident that occurred

about 3:40 p.m. on January 5, 2002. The State provided a factual basis for the plea

which showed that defendant took three pairs of sunglasses from the Nieman Marcus

store on North Michigan Avenue in Chicago and walked past the last cashier without

paying for them. The circuit court sentenced defendant to one year of probation and

admonished him as follows:

"You have a right to appeal. If you feel I've been

wrong or unfair in my decision today, you have a right to

appeal that. If you cannot afford a lawyer, I'll appoint one for

your [sic]. If you need a copy of a transcript, I'll get that to

you, also. Once thirty days passes by, you waive your rights

to appeal. You must motion the case back up before me

within the next thirty days and give me some grounds why

you wish to do that."

Defendant did not file a motion to withdraw his guilty plea or otherwise attempt to

perfect an appeal from the judgment entered on it.

On August 11, 2003, the State was granted leave to file a violation of probation

(VOP) petition alleging that defendant had committed the offense of retail theft on

August 1, 2003. The public defender was appointed to represent defendant, and at a

- 2 - 1-04-1392

status hearing held on September 5, 2003, defendant stated that he had no confidence

in his counsel's ability to represent him, and that his counsel had failed to discuss the

alleged probation violation with him. The court opined that his counsel was an excellent

attorney and advised him that attorneys are sometimes "reluctant to discuss cases in

the lock up." The court also explained that defendant had already been arraigned on

the VOP petition which alleged that he had violated his probation by committing the

offense of retail theft.

At the status hearing held October 14, 2003, defendant complained about his

counsel's "lack of professionalism in conferences," asserted that she had refused to

defend him, and requested the appointment of a "pro bono" attorney. The court stated

that its concern was whether counsel was competent and able to represent defendant,

denied his request, and reiterated that counsel was a "very competent, able and

extremely experienced attorney." On November 10, 2003, defendant again complained

about his counsel's performance and lack of advocacy during the status hearing.

On February 26, 2004, the trial court conducted a hearing on the VOP petition

where the parties stipulated that defendant had previously pleaded guilty to felony retail

theft in case No. 02 CR 1814 and was sentenced to one year of probation. Obi

Uwakwe, a loss prevention investigator at the Saks Fifth Avenue men's store on North

Michigan Avenue in Chicago, then testified that about 12:50 p.m. on August 1, 2003, he

saw defendant pick up a white Burberry hat, place it in his left pocket, and leave the

store. Uwakwe radioed investigator Jeijuan Bouldin, who was located across the street,

- 3 - 1-04-1392

and Bouldin and other investigators detained defendant on Michigan Avenue. Uwakwe

identified defendant, reached into his left pant pocket, and recovered the white hat

defendant had taken from the store. Uwakwe confirmed that the hat was for sale by

Sak's Fifth Avenue for $95.

Defendant testified that he walked into the store on the date in question, sprayed

on some cologne, and left. He denied removing the hat from the store. The trial court

found Uwakwe's testimony credible and sufficient to prove that defendant had violated

his probation in case No. 02 CR 1814.

A presentence hearing was held on March 24, 2004. There, defendant orally

alleged that counsel would not allow him to talk to her supervisor. Counsel denied this

accusation, and the assistant State's Attorney informed the court that she had heard

counsel tell defendant to call her supervisor. In the presentence investigation report

(PSI), defendant alleged:

"I was deprived of my due process rights. I didn't

know what evidence was going to be used against me and I

have a right to know. There was no fairness. My counsel

did not provide effective representation."

On April 22, 2004, the trial court conducted a sentencing hearing at which the

State presented evidence of defendant's four prior felony convictions. Defense counsel

argued in mitigation that Saks Fifth Avenue suffered no financial loss because the hat

was returned, and that no one was injured. Counsel also advised the court that

- 4 - 1-04-1392

defendant had been gainfully employed and that his wife of four years had passed

away. Defendant declined the court's invitation to add anything in allocution.

The court then sentenced defendant to five years' imprisonment for his

conviction of retail theft, and admonished him as follows:

"You have a right to appeal. If you feel that I've been

wrong or unfair in the decision of your case today, you have

a right to appeal. If you can't afford a lawyer, I'll get one for

you. If you can't afford a transcript of the proceedings today,

I'll get to that you [sic], also. Once thirty days passes by,

you waive your rights to appeal."

On appeal, defendant first contends that the circuit court's failure to admonish

him in accordance with Rule 605(b) at the time he entered his guilty plea requires that

his cause be remanded for proper admonishments. The State initially responds that

defendant's failure to file a post-plea motion is a jurisdictional defect which requires the

dismissal of this claim. We agree.

Our supreme court recently made clear that "[i]n noncapital cases an appeal is

perfected by the timely filing of a notice of appeal, and it is this step which vests the

appellate court with jurisdiction." In re J.T., 221 Ill. 2d 338, 346 (2006), citing 188 Ill. 2d

R. 606(a). Supreme Court Rule 604(d) provides that in order to appeal from a

judgment entered on a guilty plea, defendant is required to file in the circuit court a

written motion to withdraw his plea or reconsider his sentence. Official Reports

- 5 - 1-04-1392

Advance Sheet No. 4 (February 16, 2005), R. 604(d), eff. February 1, 2005.

In J.T., the supreme court held that where defendant has not filed a timely notice

of appeal from the order sentencing him to probation, a written motion to withdraw his

plea or reconsider his sentence, or a motion for leave to file late notice of appeal, "the

appellate court ha[s] no jurisdiction to consider any issues arising from either his guilty

plea or his sentence." J.T., 221 Ill. 2d at 346-47. Consistent with that ruling, we find

here that defendant's failure to file any of the aforementioned documents leaves us

without jurisdiction to consider whether he received proper admonishments when he

entered his guilty plea. Accordingly, we dismiss that claim.

Defendant next contends that his cause should be remanded for inquiry into his

allegations of ineffective assistance of counsel during the probation revocation

proceedings, pursuant to People v. Krankel, 102 Ill. 2d 181 (1984). The State responds

that Krankel does not apply to pretrial proceedings and that the court's consideration of

defendant's claims was sufficient. In Krankel, 102 Ill. 2d at 187-89, defendant

presented a posttrial motion alleging ineffective assistance of counsel, and the supreme

court remanded the matter for a new hearing on defendant's motion with newly

appointed counsel. Following Krankel, it has been held that appointment of new

counsel is not automatically required when defendant presents such a posttrial motion

alleging ineffective assistance of counsel. People v. Moore, 207 Ill. 2d 73, 77 (2003).

Rather, the trial court must conduct an adequate inquiry into the factual basis for

defendant's claim, and, if it finds the claim to be nonmeritorious or pertaining only to

- 6 - 1-04-1392

matters of trial strategy, it may deny the motion without appointing new counsel.

People v. Milton, 354 Ill. App. 3d 283, 292 (2004), citing Moore, 207 Ill. 2d at 78.

The operative concern for the reviewing court is whether the trial court conducted

an adequate inquiry into defendant's pro se allegations. Moore, 207 Ill. 2d at 78. To

accomplish this, the trial court may converse with counsel regarding the facts

surrounding the allegations or hold a brief discussion with defendant. Milton, 354 Ill.

App. 3d at 292. The trial court may also evaluate defendant's claims based on its

knowledge of counsel's performance at trial or the insufficiency of defendant's

allegations on their face. Milton, 354 Ill. App. 3d at 292. In addition, where the trial

court's probe reveals that defendant's claims are "'conclusory, misleading, or legally

immaterial' or do 'not bring to the trial court's attention a colorable claim of ineffective

assistance of counsel,' the trial court may be excused from further inquiry." People v.

Burks, 343 Ill. App. 3d 765, 774 (2003).

Here, unlike Krankel, defendant's allegations were oral, and with the exception of

the complaint articulated in the PSI, they occurred prior to the hearing on the VOP

petition. Nevertheless, the trial court allowed defendant to present his complaints and

responded to them in open court.

The record shows, however, that defendant's allegations were facially

insufficient. His stated lack of confidence in VOP counsel and counsel's lack of

professionalism were set forth in a general and conclusory manner (People v. Rucker,

346 Ill. App. 3d 873, 883 (2004)), and his claim that counsel refused to meet with him

- 7 - 1-04-1392

was contradicted by his further allegation that counsel had been unprofessional during

conferences. In addition, defendant's contention that he was unaware of the

allegations in the VOP petition and the evidence against him was refuted by the fact

that defendant had been previously arraigned on it. His further allegation that counsel

refused to let him speak with her supervisor was denied by counsel and contradicted by

the prosecutor who heard otherwise. Finally, defendant's allegation that counsel

refused to defend him was shown to be spurious given the record of counsel's

representation of him at the VOP hearing.

We, thus, find no cause for a remand. Burks, 343 Ill. App. 3d at 777. The record

shows that the court considered defendant's allegations of ineffective assistance of

counsel as they arose and determined, in essence, that defendant did not bring forth a

colorable claim of ineffective assistance of counsel.

In so concluding, we find this case readily distinguishable from Moore, relied

upon by defendant. In Moore, 207 Ill. 2d at 76-77, defendant filed two written pro se

motions asserting the ineffective assistance of his trial counsel and requesting

appointment of new counsel. The trial court failed to make any inquiry into the

allegations and concluded that his claims could be resolved by the appointment of

different counsel on appeal. Moore, 207 Ill. 2d at 79. Here, unlike Moore, we have

found that the court adequately addressed defendant's allegations, though oral, and

that no further inquiry is required.

Defendant next contends that the sentence imposed by the circuit court was

- 8 - 1-04-1392

excessive in light of his particular circumstances and background. The State responds

that defendant waived this issue by failing to file a motion to reconsider his sentence.

Although waiver limits a party's ability to raise an argument, it does not preclude our

jurisdiction to consider it. People v. Benford, 349 Ill. App. 3d 721, 734 (2004).

Accordingly, we will address defendant's claim.

In doing so, we afford great deference to the circuit court's sentencing decision

and will not substitute our judgment for that of the circuit court merely because we would

have weighed the relevant factors differently. People v. Fern, 189 Ill. 2d 48, 53 (1999).

Absent an abuse of discretion, a sentence within the appropriate range will be affirmed.

People v. Coleman, 166 Ill. 2d 247, 258 (1995).

Here, defendant was convicted of a Class 3 felony which was punishable by two to

five years' imprisonment. 730 ILCS 5/5-8-1(a)(6) (West 2004). The record shows that

the court was apprised of defendant's employment history, the loss of his wife, and the

fact that no person or entity had been physically or financially harmed in the crime. The

court was also aware of defendant's four prior felony convictions and sentenced him to

the maximum term of five years. This sentence falls within the statutory parameters and,

under the circumstances, we find that the sentence does not vary greatly from the spirit

and purpose of the law and is not manifestly disproportionate to the nature of the offense.

Fern, 189 Ill. 2d at 54. Finding no abuse of discretion, we have no basis for modifying it.

People v. Almo, 108 Ill. 2d 54, 70 (1985).

Defendant finally contends that the circuit court failed to properly admonish him

- 9 - 1-04-1392

pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 605(a) (Official Reports Advance Sheet No. 21 (October

17, 2001) R. 605(a), eff. October 1, 2001) after imposing sentence. He particularly

asserts that the circuit court failed to advise him that he was required to file a written

motion to reconsider his sentence to avoid waiver of his sentencing claims.

We agree that the circuit court's admonishments were deficient in this regard.

However, we find that remand is not required where we have considered defendant's

sentencing claim in this appeal, and it is clear that he was not prejudiced or denied real

justice as a result of the inadequate admonishments. People v. Henderson, 217 Ill. 2d

449, 466 (2005).

For these reasons, we dismiss defendant's claim regarding Rule 605(b)

admonishments and affirm the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County.

Dismissed in part; affirmed in part.

WOLFSON, P.J., and KARNEZIS, J., concur.

- 10 -