People v. Cynthia S.

759 N.E.2d 1020, 326 Ill. App. 3d 65, 259 Ill. Dec. 959, 2001 Ill. App. LEXIS 915
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedNovember 30, 2001
Docket2-00-0928
StatusPublished
Cited by28 cases

This text of 759 N.E.2d 1020 (People v. Cynthia S.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Cynthia S., 759 N.E.2d 1020, 326 Ill. App. 3d 65, 259 Ill. Dec. 959, 2001 Ill. App. LEXIS 915 (Ill. Ct. App. 2001).

Opinion

JUSTICE McLAREN

delivered the opinion of the court:

Cynthia S. was a mental health patient. Her psychiatrist filed a petition pursuant to the Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Code (Mental Health Code or Code) seeking a court order authorizing the involuntary administration of nonemergency psychotropic medication. 405 ILCS 5/2 — 107.1 (West 2000). The matter proceeded to an evidentiary hearing. The trial court found that respondent was a person who qualified for the involuntary administration of psychotropic medication. The trial court entered a preprinted, typewritten order that respondent “shall receive psychotropic medication (including the necessary lab work and medical examinations) to be administered by the Illinois Department of Human Services for a period not to exceed 90 days, by those staff whose license allows them to administer psychotropic medication pursuant to Illinois law.” The order further reflected the medications and doses that could be administered. On appeal, respondent asserts that the judgment must be reversed because the order did not specify the persons authorized to administer the medication. We reverse.

At the outset, we determine that this case is moot. In re Nancy M. , 317 Ill. App. 3d 167, 172 (2000). The trial court’s order granting the involuntary administration of psychotropic medication was entered on July 28, 2000. The terms of the order limited the duration of the administration of medication to 90 days. This time has since passed. At this point, respondent could be forced to take psychotropic medication against her will only if a new petition were filed and a new hearing conducted. The original judgment no longer has any force or effect.

However, when a challenged action is of short duration and is “ ‘capable of repetition, yet evading review,’ ” it may be reviewed on the merits, even if otherwise moot, if (1) the duration of the challenged action is too short to be fully litigated prior to its cessation; and (2) there is a reasonable expectation that respondent would be subjected to the same action again. In re Barbara H., 183 Ill. 2d 482, 491 (1998), quoting In re A Minor, 127 Ill. 2d 247, 258 (1989). Both criteria are satisfied here. By statute, psychotropic medication cannot be administered involuntarily for more than 90 days without an additional hearing. 405 ILCS 5/2 — 107.1(a)(5) (West 2000). This period of time is far too brief to permit appellate review. In virtually every case, the challenged medication orders would expire before appellate review was completed, as occurred here. To apply the mootness doctrine under such circumstances would deprive recipients of involuntary administration of psychotropic medication of legal recourse in challenging the trial court’s orders and render the right to appeal as provided by the Mental Health Code a nullity. 405 ILCS 5/3 — 816 (West 2000).

The second requirement to apply the exception to the mootness doctrine is also present. Although respondent’s current status is not revealed by the record filed on appeal, it does indicate that she was diagnosed with a schizo-affective disorder of a bipolar type and exhibited numerous associated symptoms. Additionally, she refused to take psychotropic medications and suffered from a deterioration in her ability to function. Given this history, it is reasonable to expect that another petition may be filed against respondent in the future. Therefore, we will address the issue on the merits.

Respondent contends that the trial court’s order authorizing the administration of medications must be reversed because it failed to name specific individuals authorized to administer the medication as required by section 2 — 107.1 of the Act. This issue was considered in In re Miller, 301 Ill. App. 3d 1060 (1998). There, the trial court entered an order that unidentified staff members at Zeller Mental Health Center or Provena United Samaritans Medical Center were to administer psychotropic medication to respondent for a period not to exceed 90 days. On appeal, the court agreed that an order for the administration of involuntary treatment should designate and specifically name individuals authorized to administer such treatment. However, the court found that respondent failed to preserve such error for review by failing to object when the order was entered, the evidence showed that respondent’s physician was intimately familiar with his treatment, and respondent did not assert that he was prejudiced by such omissions.

While we agree with Miller’s determination that the order should have been more specific, we do not agree with Miller’s conclusion that no prejudice occurred. As in Miller, the record here does not reflect that respondent objected to the form of the order when it was entered. Additionally, from her brief, it does not appear that respondent has claimed actual prejudice as a result of the form of the order. Nevertheless, under the plain error doctrine, this court may address a waived issue if the evidence is closely balanced or the error affects substantial rights. 134 Ill. 2d R. 615(a); People v. McVeay, 302 Ill. App. 3d 960, 966 (1999). Fundamental liberty interests are involved in the involuntary administration of medication for mental health purposes. In re Barbara H., 183 Ill. 2d at 498, citing Cooper v. Oklahoma, 517 U.S. 348, 368-69, 134 L. Ed. 2d 498, 515, 116 S. Ct. 1373, 1384 (1996). Because of the important liberty interests involved, we will consider this issue on the merits under the plain error exception to the general waiver rule. See, e.g., In re Rovelstad, 281 Ill. App. 3d 956 (1996); In re Len P, 302 Ill. App. 3d 281 (1999).

Section 2 — 107.1 of the Mental Health Code contains the following requirement for the written court order authorizing the involuntary administration of psychotropic medication:

“An order issued *** shall designate the persons authorized to administer the authorized involuntary treatment under the standards and procedures of this subsection (a — 5). Those persons shall have complete discretion not to administer any treatment authorized under this Section.” 405 ILCS 5/2 — 107.1 (a)(6) (West 2000).

Here, the preprinted order read, in pertinent portion:

“The petition is granted, and Cynthia [SJ shall receive psychotropic medication (including the necessary lab work and medical examinations) to be administered by the Illinois Department of Human Services for a period not to exceed 90 days, by those staff whose license allows them to administer psychotropic medication pursuant to Illinois law.”

In Miller, the court explained that the practice of designating specific persons authorized to administer treatment involuntarily on court orders reflects the “legislature’s concern about the ‘substantially invasive nature of psychotropic substances and their significant side effects.’ ” Miller, 301 Ill. App. 3d at 1072, quoting In re C.E., 161 Ill. 2d 200, 214 (1994).

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
759 N.E.2d 1020, 326 Ill. App. 3d 65, 259 Ill. Dec. 959, 2001 Ill. App. LEXIS 915, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-cynthia-s-illappct-2001.