People v. Coleman

Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York

People v. Coleman

20 A.D.2d 267, 247 N.Y.S.2d 240, 1964 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 4285

CourtAppellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York

DecidedFebruary 27, 1964

StatusPublished

This text of 20 A.D.2d 267 (People v. Coleman) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

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People v. Coleman, 20 A.D.2d 267, 247 N.Y.S.2d 240, 1964 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 4285 (N.Y. Ct. App. 1964).

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Per Curiam.

A defendant’s confession is insufficient to warrant conviction, without “ additional proof that the crime charged has been committed.” (Code Grim. Pro., § 395.) We find in this record such additional proof. Here there was the finding of a dead body, but there was absent £ £ the unmistakable marks of a murder committed.” (People v. Deacons, 109 N. Y. 374, 378.) But there was abundant proof of appellant’s extrajudicial statements that he had killed his wife by strangulation. Concededly, this was insufficient because of “ The danger that a crime may be confessed when no such crime in any degree has been committed by any one ” (People v. Lytton, 257 N. Y. 310, 314).

The guiding principle to implement the heretofore quoted provision of section 395 has been stated in People v. Cuozzo (292 N. Y. 85, 92) as follows: ££ The additional evidence need not in itself £ amount to direct proof of defendant’s murderous [268]*268act ’ * * * and the confessions themselves may be used as a key or clue to the explanation of circumstances, which when so explained, establish the criminal act.”

The People called two medical experts who expressed the opinion that the cause of death was asphyxia. One of the doctors enumerated the recognized causes thereof other than strangulation. A hypothetical question was posed to each expert. Incorporated therein was an assumed state of facts based upon the autopsy findings that in substance excluded the causes other than strangulation and included a further assumption (based on defendant’s extrajudicial statements) that the person had been strangled. The question posed was whether strangulation was a competent producing cause of asphyxia. Each expert answered in the affirmative.

Thus, in this state of proof, the jury could have found (and presumably did) that the other recognized causes of asphyxia could not have caused the death of the wife. In other words, the proof, by a process of elimination, excluded all causes of asphyxia except strangulation. Appellant contends that it was error to include in the hypothetical question the assumption that decedent had been strangled. This contention, however, ignores the holding in People v. Cuozzo (supra) that “the confessions themselves may be used as a key or clue to the explanation of circumstances ” which establish the criminal act.

But this issue aside, there was abundant “ additional proof ” from other sources. Thus, there was evidence that shortly before the commission of the crime defendant had stated that he was going to kill his wife. There was further proof of motive, presence at the scene and flight to a foreign State immediately after the finding of the wife’s body. It has been recently written that “‘when, in addition to the confession, there is proof of circumstances which, although they may have an innocent construction, are nevertheless calculated to siiggest the commission of crime, and for the explanation of which the confession furnishes the key, the case cannot be taken from the jury for a non-compliance with the requirement of the statute.’ It is for this reason that presence at the scene, proof of motive, evidence of flight and other conduct indicating a consciousness of guilt may, as indicated, be held to constitute the essential additional proof.” (People v. Reade, 13 N Y 2d 42, 45-46.) (See, also, People v. Conde, 16 A D 2d 327, affd. 13 N Y 2d 939.)

The evidence in its entirety was sufficient to meet the requirement that there be ‘ ‘ additional proof of whatever weight, that the crime was in fact committed by someone, which additional [269]*269evidence of the body of the crime may be either direct or circumstantial ” and “ may be sufficient even though it fails to exclude every reasonable hypothesis save that of guilt” and “is sufficient if it shows guilty human agency although not showing defendant’s participation in the crime.” (People v. Cuozzo, supra, p. 92.)

The judgment should be affirmed.

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Per Curiam.

A defendant’s confession is insufficient to warrant conviction, without “ additional proof that the crime charged has been committed.” (Code Grim. Pro., § 395.) We find in this record such additional proof. Here there was the finding of a dead body, but there was absent £ £ the unmistakable marks of a murder committed.” (People v. Deacons, 109 N. Y. 374, 378.) But there was abundant proof of appellant’s extrajudicial statements that he had killed his wife by strangulation. Concededly, this was insufficient because of “ The danger that a crime may be confessed when no such crime in any degree has been committed by any one ” (People v. Lytton, 257 N. Y. 310, 314).

The guiding principle to implement the heretofore quoted provision of section 395 has been stated in People v. Cuozzo (292 N. Y. 85, 92) as follows: ££ The additional evidence need not in itself £ amount to direct proof of defendant’s murderous [268]*268act ’ * * * and the confessions themselves may be used as a key or clue to the explanation of circumstances, which when so explained, establish the criminal act.”

The People called two medical experts who expressed the opinion that the cause of death was asphyxia. One of the doctors enumerated the recognized causes thereof other than strangulation. A hypothetical question was posed to each expert. Incorporated therein was an assumed state of facts based upon the autopsy findings that in substance excluded the causes other than strangulation and included a further assumption (based on defendant’s extrajudicial statements) that the person had been strangled. The question posed was whether strangulation was a competent producing cause of asphyxia. Each expert answered in the affirmative.

Thus, in this state of proof, the jury could have found (and presumably did) that the other recognized causes of asphyxia could not have caused the death of the wife. In other words, the proof, by a process of elimination, excluded all causes of asphyxia except strangulation. Appellant contends that it was error to include in the hypothetical question the assumption that decedent had been strangled. This contention, however, ignores the holding in People v. Cuozzo (supra) that “the confessions themselves may be used as a key or clue to the explanation of circumstances ” which establish the criminal act.

But this issue aside, there was abundant “ additional proof ” from other sources. Thus, there was evidence that shortly before the commission of the crime defendant had stated that he was going to kill his wife. There was further proof of motive, presence at the scene and flight to a foreign State immediately after the finding of the wife’s body. It has been recently written that “‘when, in addition to the confession, there is proof of circumstances which, although they may have an innocent construction, are nevertheless calculated to siiggest the commission of crime, and for the explanation of which the confession furnishes the key, the case cannot be taken from the jury for a non-compliance with the requirement of the statute.’ It is for this reason that presence at the scene, proof of motive, evidence of flight and other conduct indicating a consciousness of guilt may, as indicated, be held to constitute the essential additional proof.” (People v. Reade, 13 N Y 2d 42, 45-46.) (See, also, People v. Conde, 16 A D 2d 327, affd. 13 N Y 2d 939.)

The evidence in its entirety was sufficient to meet the requirement that there be ‘ ‘ additional proof of whatever weight, that the crime was in fact committed by someone, which additional [269]*269evidence of the body of the crime may be either direct or circumstantial ” and “ may be sufficient even though it fails to exclude every reasonable hypothesis save that of guilt” and “is sufficient if it shows guilty human agency although not showing defendant’s participation in the crime.” (People v. Cuozzo, supra, p. 92.)

The judgment should be affirmed.

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20 A.D.2d 267, 247 N.Y.S.2d 240, 1964 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 4285, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-coleman-nyappdiv-1964.

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