People v. Clarke

110 A.D.3d 1341, 975 N.Y.S.2d 194
CourtAppellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York
DecidedOctober 31, 2013
StatusPublished
Cited by34 cases

This text of 110 A.D.3d 1341 (People v. Clarke) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Clarke, 110 A.D.3d 1341, 975 N.Y.S.2d 194 (N.Y. Ct. App. 2013).

Opinion

Garry, J.

Shortly after noon on July 4, 2009, defendant reported that the victim, then just under seven months old, was missing from a Wal-Mart store in the Town of Thompson, Sullivan County. That evening, the victim was found in a nearby wooded area. Defendant was indicted for various crimes and, following a jury trial, convicted of attempted murder in the second degree, criminal sexual act in the first degree, sexual abuse in the first [1342]*1342degree, incest in the first degree, assault in the second degree, abandonment of a child, endangering the welfare of a child, and predatory sexual assault against a child. He was sentenced to an aggregate prison term of 50 years to life, and now appeals.1

Defendant first contends that his convictions for attempted murder in the second degree, sexual abuse in the first degree and assault in the second degree are not supported by legally sufficient evidence. As he concedes, this claim was not preserved for appellate review (see People v Gray, 86 NY2d 10, 19-20 [1995]). In view of defendant’s inconsistent descriptions of his actions on the day in question, the contrast between his accounts and the actual events revealed by surveillance video and witness testimony, his apparent efforts to prevent police from locating the victim, the circumstances of her eventual discovery, her extreme youth, the nature of her injuries and the other evidence, we find no reason to exercise our interest of justice jurisdiction to modify any of these convictions (see CPL 470.15 [3]; see generally People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495 [1987]).

Defendant next contends that County Court erred in denying his pretrial motion pursuant to County Law § 722-c for funds to hire a DNA expert. To prevail, he was required to show that he was indigent, that the service was necessary to his defense and, if the compensation he sought exceeded the statutory limit of $1,000, that extraordinary circumstances justified the expenditure (see People v Brand, 13 AD3d 820, 821 [2004], lv denied 4 NY3d 851 [2005]; People v Dearstyne, 305 AD2d 850, 852 [2003], lv denied 100 NY2d 593 [2003]). As defendant contends, the fact that a relative was paying his counsel fees did not defeat his claim of indigency (see People v Ulloa, 1 AD3d 468, 469 [2003]). Nonetheless, the decision whether to grant an application under County Law § 722-c is discretionary (see People v Lane, 195 AD2d 876, 878 [1993], lv denied 82 NY2d 850 [1993]). Defendant’s broad application sought public funds to hire multiple investigators and experts, and failed to state a “distinct necessity” for the assistance of a DNA expert other than the People’s use of DNA evidence (People v Dove, 287 AD2d 806, 807 [2001]; see People v Gallow, 171 AD2d 1061, 1062-1063 [1991], lv denied 77 NY2d 995 [1991]). Moreover, the application made no claim or showing of extraordinary circumstances, nor did it indicate whether the compensation sought would exceed $1,000 or detail the time to be spent and particular services rendered by the DNA expert (see People v Dove, 287 AD2d [1343]*1343at 807; People v Dearstyne, 305 AD2d at 852-853).2 Accordingly, we find that the denial was not an abuse of discretion.

Defendant further relies upon the denial of his pretrial request for a DNA expert as the basis of his claim that his post-trial motion to vacate the jury verdict should have been granted. In support of the posttrial motion, he submitted the report of a DNA expert who criticized the People’s DNA analysis. Assuming without deciding that defendant sufficiently established that this report could not have been submitted before trial with due diligence (see CPL 330.30 [3]),3 the report did not constitute newly discovered evidence, as it merely attempted to impeach and contradict trial evidence and — in view of the overwhelming evidence of defendant’s guilt — did not create a probability that the verdict would have been more favorable if the report had been admitted at trial (see People v Salemi, 309 NY 208, 226 [1955], cert denied 350 US 950 [1956]; People v Tucker, 40 AD3d 1213, 1215 [2007], lv denied 9 NY3d 882 [2007]; People v Hayes, 295 AD2d 751, 752 [2002], lv denied 98 NY2d 730 [2002]).

We reject defendant’s contention that his counsel inadequately waived his right to be present during sidebar conferences (see generally People v Antommarchi, 80 NY2d 247, 250 [1992]). Prior to jury selection, County Court inquired whether defendant would attend sidebar conferences, and defense counsel advised that he would not. A moment later County Court noted defendant’s presence in the courtroom. Shortly thereafter, the prosecutor sought to confirm that defendant intended to waive his appearance at sidebar conferences, and defense counsel responded to the court’s further inquiry that he would. Defendant now argues that he was not present when his counsel waived his appearance. However, this record does not demonstrate that he was absent, and we thus find that defendant has not met the burden of coming forward with substantial evidence to defeat the presumption of regularity that attaches to judicial proceedings (see People v Velasquez, 1 NY3d 44, 48 [2003]; People v Keen, 94 NY2d 533, 538-539 [2000]; People v Robinson, 191 AD2d 523, 523 [1993], lv denied 81 NY2d 1018 [1993]; see also People v Williams, 11 AD3d 810, 812 [2004], lv denied 4 NY3d 769 [2005]). We further note that, following the waiver by counsel, defendant was present during two sidebar conferences [1344]*1344exploring potential juror bias and, on appeal, he has not identified any "material stage of the proceedings from which he was excluded and in which his presence could have had “a substantial effect on [his] ability to defend against the charges” (People v Sloan, 79 NY2d 386, 392 [1992]). While the best practice is for the court to directly explain the right being waived to a defendant and confirm the knowing and voluntary nature of his or her waiver, no such colloquy is required “on the off-chance that a defendant who is adequately represented by counsel may nevertheless not know what he [or she] is doing” (People v Velasquez, 1 NY3d at 49 [internal quotation marks, ellipses and citation omitted]; see People v Hoppe, 96 AD3d 1157, 1157-1158 [2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 1026 [2012]).

Defendant next contends that he was denied his right to a fair trial by the admission of three photographs depicting injuries to the infant victim’s genital and rectal area, which he claims were highly prejudicial and not probative of any material issue, as the nature of the injuries was not in dispute. This claim is unpreserved (see People v Wright, 38 AD3d 1004, 1006 [2007], lv denied 9 NY3d 853 [2007]; People v Sawyer, 23 AD3d 845, 847 [2005], lv denied 6 NY3d 852 [2006]). However, as defendant relies upon this failure as one of the grounds for his claim that he received ineffective assistance of counsel, we note that counsel may have deemed an objection to be unnecessary or futile (see e.g. People v Bonelli, 41 AD3d 972, 973 [2007], lv denied 9 NY3d 921 [2007]). Before the photographs were displayed to the jury, County Court warned that “you are going to see some photographs that are quite a graphic depiction of a very serious situation.

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Bluebook (online)
110 A.D.3d 1341, 975 N.Y.S.2d 194, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-clarke-nyappdiv-2013.