People v. Carey

383 N.W.2d 81, 147 Mich. App. 444
CourtMichigan Court of Appeals
DecidedDecember 2, 1985
DocketDocket No. 79902
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 383 N.W.2d 81 (People v. Carey) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Michigan Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Carey, 383 N.W.2d 81, 147 Mich. App. 444 (Mich. Ct. App. 1985).

Opinion

R. L. Tahvonen, J.

The people appeal by leave granted from the circuit court’s affirmance of the district court’s dismissal of charges against defendants of fleeing and eluding a police officer or conservation officer when directed to bring a motorcycle to a stop, MCL 257.602a; MSA 9.2302(1), and of operating an unregistered motorcycle on a public street, MCL 257.215; MSA 9.1915. We affirm the dismissal of the charges.

Conservation Officer Poreda was cruising on US-23 in Iosco County in a marked Department of Natural Resources vehicle when he observed two motorcyclists riding without helmets on unregistered vehicles. At the time, Poreda was not enforcing the conservation laws. He chased the motorcycles. Defendant Kopko lost control of his motorcycle. When defendant Carey stopped to assist Kopko, Poreda apprehended both of them.

We must decide on appeal whether a conservation officer is authorized to enforce the Michigan Vehicle Code. The people argue that conservation officers are peace officers who have authority to arrest a person for the commission of a misdemeanor in their presence, regardless of whether the infraction occurs while the conservation officer [447]*447is enforcing the conservation laws. We do not agree. The Michigan Vehicle Code does not provide conservation officers with any such authority. Moreover, we cannot constitutionally construe MCL 300.16; MSA 13.1226 as granting any such authority.

I

Defendants were charged under the fleeing and eluding statute, which provides:

"Sec. 602a. A driver of a motor vehicle, who is given by hand, voice, emergency light or siren a visual or audible signal by a police or conservation * * * officer, acting in the lawful performance of his or her duty, directing the driver to bring his or her motor vehicle to a stop, and who wilfully fails to obey the direction, by increasing the speed of the motor vehicle, extinguishing the lights of the motor vehicle, or otherwise attempting to flee or elude the officer, is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or a fine not to exceed $1,000.00, or both. The officer giving the signal shall be in uniform; and the vehicle driven shall be adequately identified as an official police or * * * department of natural resources vehicle.”

Thus, the inquiry becomes whether the conservation officer acted in the lawful performance of his duty in stopping and citing defendants under the fleeing and eluding statute. We begin our analysis by considering whether a conservation officer is a police officer within the meaning of the Michigan Vehicle Code.

Under section 42 of the Michigan Vehicle Code, the term police officer is currently defined as:

"Sec. 42. 'Police officer’ means any of the following:
"(a) Every sheriff or sheriffs deputy; village or township marshal; officer of the police department of any [448]*448city, village, or township; any officer of the Michigan state police; or any peace officer who is trained and certified pursuant to Act No. 203 of the Public Acts of 1965, being sections 28.601 to 28.616 of the Michigan Compiled Laws.
"(b) For purposes of enforcing sections 717, 719, 719a, 720, 722, 724, 725, and 726 any duly authorized agent of a county road commission meeting the requirements of section 726c.” (Footnotes omitted.) MCL 257.742; MSA 9.2442.

Thus, peace officers who are trained and certified pursuant to 1965 PA 203 are included in the definition of a police officer under section 42. The people argue that conservation officers are peace officers who are trained and certified pursuant to Act 203, the "law enforcement officers training council act”, which defines "police officer” as follows:

"(c) 'Police officer’ or 'law enforcement officer’ means a member of a police force or other organization of a city, county, township, village or of the state, regularly employed as such and who is responsible for the prevention and detection of crime and the enforcement of the general criminal laws of this state, but shall not include any person serving as such solely by virtue of his occupying any other office or position.” MCL 28.602(c); MSA 4.450(2)(c). (Emphasis added.)

Thus, we must determine whether conservation officers are police officers responsible for the enforcement of the general criminal laws of this state in deciding whether they are encompassed in the definition in Act 203.

The general law enforcement responsibilities of conservation officers are specified in MCL 299.3; MSA 13.3, which provides, in pertinent part:

"Sec. 3. The department of conservation shall protect [449]*449and conserve the natural resources of the state of Michigan; provide and develop facilities for outdoor recreation; prevent the destruction of timber and other forest growth by fire or otherwise; promote the reforesting of forest lands belonging to the state; prevent and guard against the pollution of lakes and streams within the state, and enforce all laws provided for that purpose with all authority granted by law, and foster and encourage the protecting and propagation of game and fish.” (Emphasis added.)

Authorization for law enforcement activity by conservation officers relating to the general criminal law may be found in MCL 312.10(2); MSA 13.1339(2):

"(2) Arrests. An officer charged with the enforcement of laws relating to hunting shall make arrests for violations of other laws if the violations are committed by a person licensed as a hunter under this act while the person is exercising his or her privileges under the license.”

If the Legislature intended for conservation officers to have broad authority to enforce the general criminal laws of Michigan, it would not have specifically stated in MCL 312.10(2) that conservation officers may arrest for criminal violations which are ancillary to the perpetrator’s act of hunting. If conservation officers had a broad and general authority to enforce criminal laws, the statute above would be redundant.

Given the conservation officer’s limited authority to enforce criminal law where the violation is ancillary to the act of hunting, and other limited authority to enforce conservation laws, it follows that a conservation officer is not a police officer with responsibility for the enforcement of the general criminal laws of Michigan under MCL 28.602(c); MSA 4.450(2)(c). Thus, a conservation [450]*450officer is not, as the people argue, a police officer within the meaning of section 42 of the Michigan Vehicle Code, and therefore is not authorized to enforce that code.

II

The people cite MCL 764.15; MSA 28.874 which provides that a "peace officer” may arrest without a warrant for the commission of a misdemeanor in his presence. The people claim that language in MCL 300.16(1); MSA 13.1226(1) leads to the conclusion that conservation officers are peace officers who may make such an arrest:

"Sec. 6. (1) The director of the department of natural resources and conservation officers appointed by the director are peace officers vested with all the powers, privileges, prerogatives, and immunities conferred upon peace officers by the general laws of this state;

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Od Long Lake Township v. Todd Maxon
Michigan Court of Appeals, 2022

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
383 N.W.2d 81, 147 Mich. App. 444, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-carey-michctapp-1985.