Filed 11/2/23 P. v. Bustos CA4/2
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
THE PEOPLE,
Plaintiff and Respondent, E078658
v. (Super.Ct.No. FSB1501194)
HERIBERTO BUSTOS, OPINION
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from the Superior Court of San Bernardino County. Gregory S. Tavill,
Judge. Affirmed.
Alejandro Garcia for Defendant and Appellant.
Rob Bonta, Attorney General, Lance E. Winters, Chief Assistant Attorney
General, Charles C. Ragland, Assistant Attorney General, Robin Urbanski and A.
Natasha Cortina, Deputy Attorney Generals, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
1 Defendant and appellant Heriberto Bustos appeals from the trial court’s order
denying his motion to withdraw his plea and vacate his conviction under Penal Code1
section 1473.7. For the reasons set forth post, we affirm the trial court’s order.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
A. PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On September 10, 2015, an information charged defendant with assault with a
deadly weapon under section 245, subdivision (a)(1) (count 1), a felony under section
1192.7, subdivision (c).
On August 25, 2016, defendant pled guilty to assault with force likely to cause
great bodily injury under section 245, subdivision (a)(4), in exchange for the dismissal of
the charged strike prior and credit for time served. The court sentenced defendant to the
low term of two years and released him to parole.
As a result of defendant’s assault conviction, on October 13, 2020, deportation
proceedings were initiated against defendant. On October 26, 2021, defendant filed a
motion to vacate his guilty plea under section 1473.7. On February 8, 2022, after
briefing and a hearing on the motion, the court issued a written order denying defendant’s
petition.
On March 8, 2022, defendant filed a timely notice of appeal. Defendant also filed
a motion for issuance of a certificate of probable cause. On March 10, 2022, the court
granted defendant’s motion and issued a certificate of probable cause.
1 All further statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise specified.
2 B. FACTUAL HISTORY
Around 11:25 p.m. on March 29, 2015, the victim’s dogs started to bark in his
front yard. When the victim went outside, he found defendant, who was intoxicated,
swatting and kicking a rosebush growing on the victim’s side of the fence. When the
victim asked defendant if he was “okay,” defendant told the victim that defendant wanted
to give the victim a rose growing on another bush in the front yard. Defendant also
started to curse at the victim. When the victim told defendant to go home, defendant
challenged the victim to fight; the victim ignored defendant. Defendant then took a beer
bottle that he was holding and slammed it on the fence rail. Defendant then threw the
bottle at the victim as he was walking back into his home. The bottle struck the victim’s
jawline and lacerated it. The victim told defendant that the victim would call the police;
defendant ran across the street back into his own home.
When sheriff’s deputies arrived, they saw a visible trail of blood from the victim’s
yard to the inside of his home. Paramedics bandaged the victim’s jaw. The victim stated
that his wife would take him to the hospital.
DISCUSSION
A. THE TRIAL COURT PROPERLY DENIED DEFENDANT’S MOTION
TO VACATE HIS CONVICTIONS UNDER SECTION 1473.7
Defendant contends that the trial court erred in denying his motion to vacate his
conviction and withdraw his plea.
3 1. LEGAL BACKGROUND AND STANDARD OF REVIEW
“Penal Code section 1473.7 allows noncitizens who have served their sentences to
vacate a conviction if they can establish by a preponderance of the evidence that their
conviction is ‘legally invalid due to prejudicial error damaging [their] ability to
meaningfully understand, defend against, or knowingly accept the actual or potential
adverse immigration consequences of a conviction or sentence.’ [Citations.] To establish
prejudicial error, a defendant must demonstrate a ‘reasonable probability that the
defendant would have rejected the plea if the defendant had correctly understood its
actual or potential immigration consequences’ [citation] and must corroborate any
assertions with ‘ “ ‘objective evidence’ ” ’ [citation]. We note that a motion to vacate a
conviction, in contrast to a direct appellate challenge to the plea itself, is generally filed,
as here, after “the individual filing the motion is no longer in criminal custody.’ ”
(People v. Espinoza (2023) 14 Cal.5th 311, 316 (Espinoza).)
In Espinoza, supra, 14 Cal.5th 311, the California Supreme Court stated that in
order “[t]o prevail under section 1473.7, a defendant must demonstrate that his conviction
is ‘legally invalid due to prejudicial error damaging [his or her] ability to meaningfully
understand, defend against, or knowingly accept the actual or potential adverse
immigration consequences of a conviction or sentence.’ [Citation] The defendant must
first show that he did not meaningfully understand the immigration consequences of his
plea. Next, the defendant must show that his misunderstanding constituted prejudicial
error. “ ‘[P]rejudical error . . . means demonstrating a reasonable probability that the
4 defendant would have rejected the plea if the defendant had correctly understood its
actual or potential immigration consequences.’ ” (Id. at p. 319.)
On appeal, “[w]e apply independent review to evaluate whether a defendant has
demonstrated a reasonable probability that he would have rejected the plea offer had he
understood its immigration consequences. [Citation.] ‘ “[U]nder independent review, an
appellate court exercises its independent judgment to determine whether the facts satisfy
the rule of law.” ’ [Citation] When courts engage in independent review, they must give
deference to the trial court’s factual determinations if they are based on ‘ “ ‘the credibility
of witnesses the [superior court] heard and observed.’ ” ’ [Citation] But when the trial
court’s findings ‘derive entirely from written declarations and other documents,’ the trial
court and the reviewing court ‘ “are in the same position,” ’ and no deference is owed.”
(Espinoza, supra, 14 Cal.5th at pp. 319-320.)
2. THERE WAS NO PREJUDICIAL ERROR
To succeed in a section 1473.7 motion, defendant must first show that he did not
meaningfully understand the immigration consequences of his plea.
In this case, on October 26, 2021, defendant filed a notice of motion to
withdraw/vacate his plea under section 1473.7. In his points and authorities in support of
his motion, defendant claimed “I don’t remember my attorney asking me anything about
my immigration status here in the United States. He never asked me if I had a green card
or if I was legal in the United States.” Although defendant acknowledged being fluent in
English, and that he and his attorney, Randall Isaeff (Isaeff) conversed in English,
defendant denied being properly advised regarding immigration consequences.
5 Defendant claimed that Isaeff encouraged defendant to take the plea to avoid prison.
Defendant also claimed Isaeff failed to discuss or explain the consequences of his guilty
plea on his immigration status; he simply provided defendant with the paperwork to
review himself; and advised defendant to nod and answer “yes” to questions from the
judge and the prosecutor. Defendant additionally claimed that Isaeff advised defendant
that there was no immigration hold, which contributed to defendant’s understanding that
there were no immigration consequences. Hence, defendant declared that he did not
understand the immigration consequences of his plea and would not have entered the plea
given his family ties in the United States. Defendant declared that he had lived in the
United States since he was nine months old, graduated high school, had four children,
and his parents and siblings are either citizens of the United States or have green cards.
Defendant included documents supporting his family ties and their dependence on him.
On January 6, 2022, the prosecution filed a brief in opposition to defendant’s
motion to vacate. In the opposition, the prosecutor noted defendant’s extensive criminal
history and opportunities granted to him over the years to reform and rehabilitate.
Defendant, however, failed to take advantage of these opportunities. The prosecutor
provided that defendant had “an 11-page rap sheet chock full of crimes involving drugs,
weapons, and violence” before he assaulted and injured his neighbor with a beer bottle.
Defendant was also twice subject to deportation proceedings due to his earlier offenses,
first in 2003 and then in 2012. “Federal immigration judges cut him some slack in 2003
and again in 2012 because of equitable considerations.” In this case, the prosecutor
observed that the plea form expressly advised defendant that he would be deported as a
6 result of the plea. Defendant initialed that specific provision as well the provisions
acknowledging that everything was explained to him, he fully understood the terms of the
plea, and he had sufficient time to consult with his attorney. Moreover, the prosecutor
pointed out that Isaeff also secured a more advantageous disposition than the charged
offense. Although the assault with force likely to cause great bodily harm to which
defendant pled carried the same sentence exposure as the charged assault with a deadly
weapon, the charged offense constituted a serious felony, a strike. Isaeff also negotiated
the dismissal of a separately charged battery. The prosecutor explained that defendant
could not show a better deal was possible given the charges, the strength of evidence
against defendant, and his criminal history. Furthermore, with respect to prejudice, the
prosecutor argued it was “unlikely that he would have spurned this offer had he been
“properly advised” about deportation.” Defendant’s extensive criminal history revealed
that defendant repeatedly elected to plead and serve jail time, as opposed to going to trial,
even where his offenses triggered two separate deportation proceedings.
The prosecutor did not dispute that defendant has family ties in the United States
and that he had been in the United States since he was an infant. The prosecutor,
however, noted how defendant’s conduct reflected how little defendant valued his
immigration status and his family. “His criminal history shows a two-decade, reckless
disdain for his immigration status, as well as for his family. Look at his domestic
violence felony.” The prosecutor stated, “Defendant . . . cannot credibly feign ignorance
of removal for committing this assault.”
7 At the hearing on the motion on January 20, 2022, the court first established that
defendant was out of immigration custody and residing in Mexico. Defendant was not
present at the hearing because he could not enter the United States legally.
The People called Isaeff during the plea proceedings, as their first witness. At the
time of defendant’s plea in 2016, Isaeff estimated that he had conducted at least 100
criminal trials, including at least 10 assault cases. Isaeff estimated that about 90 percent
of his cases settled, both at the time he represented defendant and presently.
Isaeff testified that he was familiar with the plea form used in 2016 because he
used it on a daily basis. He stated that, when representing noncitizen clients, his practice
was to make certain that he communicated with his clients about how certain crimes
could or very well would get the clients deported. Isaeff stated that, because he is not an
immigration attorney, he made certain his clients understood, depending on what the
offer was or deal accepted, that the clients would need to consult with an immigration
attorney. He habitually advised his clients that immigration consequences of certain
pleas would result in removal, exclusion, and denial of naturalization.
Isaeff recalled that defendant told him of defendant’s non-citizenship status early
in defendant’s case. Although they went over it again on the day of the plea, most of the
conversations concerning defendant’s immigration consequences occurred earlier in the
case. Isaeff stated that this case lasted for about a year. Isaeff testified that he did not
recall defendant expressing any immigration concerns. The notes in defendant’s file
reflected defendant’s immigration status and his desire to accept the plea. Isaeff testified:
“[A]s I noted on the plea bargain at the time that he entered into the plea he was going to
8 be . . . given credit for time served and released to state parole. What we often call a
paper commitment under Penal Code section 1170.” Isaeff understood his notes to
indicate that defendant “wanted to take the deal and get out and not end up having to
actually be transported to state prison.” Had defendant expressed immigration concerns,
Isaeff stated that he would expect that to be reflected in his notes; it was not.
Regarding the plea form, Isaeff testified that he “filled out that plea form and went
over it thoroughly with [defendant].” Isaeff stated that it was his practice to read the
entire form and then ask the defendants whether they had any questions. Isaeff stated that
this practice took around 10 minutes, depending on the questions from a defendant.
Isaeff stated that, as he does in all of his cases, he went through and read the provisions
one by one to defendant, and explained each line of the form, including the provision
about immigration consequences. Isaeff made sure that defendant did not have any
questions. Isaeff advised defendant, per the plea form, that defendant would be deported.
Moreover, Isaeff stated that during his earlier conversations with defendant, they
discussed the possible consequences of a guilty plea. However, at the time of the plea,
Isaeff emphasized that the plea would get defendant deported. Isaeff explained, “Because
my practice was when I talk with a client during a plea bargain, when we got to the part
about the immigration consequences, if they told him if you are not a U.S. citizen, I
would tell them on every case, I am not an immigration attorney. I believe that this will
get you deported, but if you need to talk to an immigration attorney . . . we can put it over
and do that if you want to do that.” Isaeff testified that his notes showed that the
prosecutor had offered the deal earlier. Defendant rejected the earlier deal. However, on
9 the day defendant ultimately pled guilty, defendant asked Isaeff to revive the deal so
defendant could accept it.
Responding to defendant’s claims in his declaration, Isaeff disagreed with
defendant’s claim that Isaeff never asked defendant whether he had a green card or
whether he was legal in the United States. Isaeff reiterated that he and defendant
discussed defendant “being a noncitizen.” Isaeff also denied leaving the plea form with
defendant and telling defendant to initial the boxes without any explanation. Isaeff could
not recall if defendant specifically asked whether there was an immigration hold on him,
or that he answered no. Isaeff testified that there was, in fact, no immigration hold on
defendant at the time. Isaeff further refuted defendant’s claim that he failed to advise
defendant regarding his immigration consequences, and told defendant to “nod at the
questions from the judge and the prosecutor basically passively to accept everything that
was being directed at him.”
During cross-examination, Isaeff told defendant’s counsel that he was familiar
with relevant authority at the time of the plea, such as Padilla v. Kentucky2. During
redirect Isaeff stated that defendant’s criminal history was a factor in plea bargaining
with the prosecutor; in his professional judgment, Isaeff believed he secured a good
disposition for defendant.
After taking the matter under submission, on February 8, 2022, the trial court
issued a written amended order denying defendant’s petition. The trial court noted that
2 Padilla v. Kentucky (2010) 559 U.S. 356.
10 defendant “is a fluent English speaker,” the plea agreement reflected defendant had been
properly advised, defendant had sufficient time to consult with his attorney, and
defendant understood the immigration consequences of his plea. Thereafter, the court
summarized the requirements under section 1473.7 and relevant case law.
In applying the legal principles to the facts in this case, the trial court noted that
Isaeff, defendant’s attorney, testified that he had 20 years of experience at the time he
represented defendant. Isaeff recalled that he negotiated a non-strike disposition on
behalf of defendant, instead of the charged strike offense. The trial court found Isaeff to
be credible when he remembered (1) defendant told Isaeff that defendant was not a U.S.
citizen at the beginning of the case; (2) defendant and Isaeff discussed the immigration
consequences of defendant’s plea when they went over the plea agreement; (3) Isaeff told
defendant “that ‘he would be deported if he took this plea,’ and ‘emphasized to him while
going through the form that this plea would get him deported;’ ” and (4) “[t]his was not a
case where counsel failed to appreciate the immigration consequences of the plea and
failed to explain them to the defendant.” The trial court noted that “[t]o the contrary, Mr.
Isaeff correctly believed the Defendant would be deported as a result of the plea and told
that to defendant.” Moreover, in its amended order, the trial court stated that Isaeff “told
the Defendant that he could consult with an immigration attorney and that the taking of
the plea could be delayed for him to do so. However, the Defendant was not interested in
delaying the disposition and wanted release from custody notwithstanding the adverse
immigration consequences that would result from the plea agreement. . . . [T]he
Defendant was desirous of taking the plea bargain offered regardless of the expectation
11 he would be deported. Defendant was willing to ignore the immigration consequences so
that he could obtain release from custody without having to be transported to state
prison.”
The court noted that defendant’s declaration disagreed with Isaeff’s testimony.
Therefore, the trial court “found Mr. Isaeff to be a credible and reliable witness. To the
extent Mr. Isaeff’s testimony was different from matters contained in the Defendant’s
declaration, the court believes Mr. Isaeff.” The court went on to state that not only did
defendant’s motion fail to provide corroborating evidence, “the evidence affirmatively
establishe[d] that the Defendant was aware of the adverse immigration consequences—
that he would be deported—but chose to proceed anyway.”
Accordingly, in denying defendant’s motion to vacate his plea, the trial court
concluded: “Mr. Isaeff provided Defendant constitutionally appropriate representation—
his performance was not deficient. Further, the court finds that the Defendant has failed
to establish prejudice, whether analyzed under Strickland/Padilla or section 1473.7. The
Defendant understood and knowingly accepted the actual adverse immigration
consequences resulting from his plea.”
In this case, we need not decide whether the trial court properly advised defendant
of the deportation consequences of his plea, and defendant understood the deportation
consequences prior to accepting his plea. Even if defendant showed that he did not
understand the mandatory immigration consequences of his plea, defendant must show
that his misunderstanding constituted prejudicial error. Here, defendant failed to do so.
12 “ ‘[P]rejudical error . . . means demonstrating a reasonable probability that the
defendant would have rejected the plea if the defendant had correctly understood its
actual or potential immigration consequences.” ’ ” (Espinoza, supra, 14 Cal.5th 311 at p.
319.)
In the trial court’s order denying defendant’s petition—after reviewing the moving
and opposing papers, and hearing testimony and argument from the parties at the
hearing—the court stated that defendant “was desirous of taking the plea bargain offered
regardless of the expectation that he would be deported. Defendant was willing to ignore
the immigration consequences so that he could obtain release from custody without
having to be transported to state prison.” In making this determination, as provided
above, the court stated that it believed Isaeff to be a credible witness, and “[t]o the extent
Mr. Isaeff’s testimony was different from matters contained in the Defendant’s
declaration, the court believes Mr. Isaeff.” The court went on to state that not only did
defendant’s motion fail to provide corroborating evidence, “the evidence affirmatively
establishe[d] that the Defendant was aware of the adverse immigration consequences—
A state crime that categorically qualifies as an “aggravated felony” under federal
immigration law makes a non-citizen defendant “subject to mandatory deportation and
permanent exclusion from the United States.” (People v. Curiel (2023) 92 Cal.App.5th
1160, 1174.) Defendant pled guilty to a violation of section 245, subdivision (a)(4), and,
under federal immigration law, that crime “is categorically a crime of violence and, thus,
an aggravated felony that bars cancellation of removal and asylum.” (Patrao v. Garland
13 (2021) 846 Fed.Appx. 509, 510.) Some state crimes, in contrast, do not carry such
immigration consequences. (See People v. Coca (Oct. 16, 2023, E079703) [2023
Cal.App. Lexis 797].)
After our independent review of the record, we agree with the trial court there was
no evidence that defendant would not have accepted the plea had he been advised about
its mandatory immigration consequences. As provided above, although defendant
declared that he would not have pled guilty had he known about his immigration
consequences, Isaeff testified that he was aware of defendant’s immigration status from
the start of the case, and told defendant that he would be deported if he pled guilty.
Isaeff, however, did not state he explained to defendant, that the crime to which
defendant was pleading guilty, had mandatory immigration consequences that pleas from
other crimes did not have. Moreover, Isaeff failed to state that he made an effort to seek
some other disposition, which would not require mandatory deportation, on behalf of
defendant.
Notwithstanding, defendant has failed to corroborate his assertion of prejudice
with objective evidence of the prejudice to him, as required under Vivar and Espinoza.
(See Espinoza, supra, 14 Cal.5th at p. 32 [“[a] defendant must provide ‘ “objective
evidence” ’ to corroborate factual assertions”]; Vivar, supra, 11 Cal.5th at p. 530
[“[w]hen a defendant seeks to withdraw a plea based on inadequate advisement of
immigration consequences, we have long required the defendant corroborate such
assertions with ‘ “objective evidence” ’ ”]; cf. People v. Martinez (2013) 57 Cal.4th 555,
565 [ “the defendant must provide a declaration or testimony stating that he or she would
14 not have entered into the plea bargain if properly advised. It is up to the trial court to
determine whether the defendant’s assertion is credible, and the court may reject an
assertion that is not supported by an explanation or other corroborating circumstances”].)
When the court denied defendant’s motion, it found defendant did not establish
that, if advised by Isaeff that defendant would be deported due to his plea, he would not
have done so. The court found that when defendant pled guilty, his principal concern
was avoiding state prison time and being released from custody. The court also noted
Isaeff’s testimony established that although defendant was offered an opportunity to seek
immigration advice before accepting his plea, defendant declined to do so. In
defendant’s opening brief, defendant contends that even if he “had taken the choice to
postpone the hearing and seek advice from an immigration attorney, [he] would have
been prejudiced by such a delay. If [defendant] had retained new counsel and thereafter
been able to negotiate a plea . . . with the same sentence, [defendant] would have spent
more time in custody than the 379 days he had spent up until August 25, 2016. [¶] This
would have cost [defendant] at least a few more weeks in custody.” The paragraph
shows that the alleged prejudice would have been “a few more weeks in custody.”
Hence, defendant was more concerned about time spent in custody than seeking the
advice of an immigration attorney when he had previous experience with deportation
proceedings.
In support of his argument, defendant relies on People v. Mejia (2019) 36
Cal.App.5th 859 and People v. Camacho (2019) 32 Cal.App.5th 998 (Camacho).)
Defendant’s case, however, is readily distinguishable from these cases.
15 In People v. Mejia, the reviewing court agreed with the trial court’s finding that
the defendant failed to establish ineffective assistance of counsel. The court, however,
held that the defendant had “established his own ‘error’ ” simply by virtue of his
declaration stating that he would never have pled guilty had he known “ ‘that this would
harm me in the future.’ ” (People v. Mejia, supra, 36 Cal.App.5th at p. 872.) In part, the
court relied on the fact that the trial court “made no express or implied credibility
determinations on this point, as the denial was based solely on [ineffective assistance of
counsel] considerations.” (Ibid.) By contrast, in this case, the trial court expressly found
defendant’s declaration and representation, that he would not have pled guilty had he
known of the immigration consequences, not credible in the face of Isaeff’s testimony,
the record of the proceedings, and defendant’s criminal history.
In Camacho, in 2009, the defendant pled nolo contendere to possession of
marijuana for sale. (Camacho, supra, 32 Cal.App.5th at pp. 1000-1001.) Prior to
entering that plea, the defendant’s counsel advised him that relief under section 1203.4
and a subsequent request to reduce his felony to a misdemeanor could “ ‘certainly help’ ”
with his immigration consequences. (Camacho, at p. 1003.) The defendant’s counsel’s
practice at the time was also to advise his clients to seek advice from an immigration
attorney. The defendant, however, denied that he was given the advice to consult with an
immigration attorney. (Id. at pp. 1002, 1003.) After the defendant successfully
completed probation, he moved for and obtained relief under section 1203.4, and had the
conviction reduced to a misdemeanor. (Camacho, at p. 1002.) After receiving that relief,
the defendant sought the assistance of an immigration attorney to adjust “his immigration
16 status based upon his marriage [to a United States citizen].” (Ibid.) At that point, the
defendant learned that his conviction subjected him to mandatory deportation and
prevented him from becoming a legal permanent resident. (Ibid.) The appellate court
held that the evidence presented to the trial court, regarding the advice the defendant
received at the time he entered his plea, was sufficient to establish prejudicial error under
the 2019 amendments to section 1473.7. (Camacho, supra, at p. 1009.) The court
recognized that the trial court did not make any express or implied credibility
determination for or against the defendant. (Id. at p. 1009.) The court also recognized
that the defendant’s counsel did not understand that expungement under section 1203.4 or
the reduction of a felony conviction to a misdemeanor did not have any impact on the
immigration consequences of a person’s conviction. (Id. at pp. 1004, 1009.) Finally, the
appellate court noted that the defendant did not seek advice from an immigration attorney
until after he had taken the steps to expunge his conviction. (Id. at p. 1009.) Considering
all of the evidence, the reviewing court held that the record sufficiently established that
the defendant’s own error prejudicially affected his ability to meaningfully understand or
knowingly accept the immigration consequences of his conviction. (Id. at pp. 1009-
1012.)
The facts in this case are distinguishable from the facts in Camacho. Here, there is
nothing in the record to suggest that defendant relied on any misrepresentation
concerning the immigration consequences of his conviction. There is nothing in the
record to show that defendant relied on anything other than the promise of reduced time
in custody when he entered his plea of nolo contendere. Moreover, as noted above, the
17 court “found Mr. Isaeff to be a credible and reliable witness. To the extent Mr. Isaeff’s
testimony was different from matters contained in the Defendant’s declaration, the court
believes Mr. Isaeff.”
Defendant has failed to show any evidence of other crimes, which would not have
subjected him to mandatory deportation, to which he could have pled. In the trial court,
defendant would have to establish that even if Isaeff had advised him of the mandatory
immigration consequences of his particular plea, that he would have been able to plead
instead to such other crime. Therefore, defendant failed to demonstrate how he was
prejudiced.
In sum, viewing the totality of the circumstances, assuming arguendo that
defendant did not receive proper advisements, the trial court properly determined that
defendant failed to demonstrate prejudice.
DISPOSITION
We affirm the trial court’s order denying defendant’s motion under section 1473.7.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
MILLER J.
We concur:
McKINSTER Acting P. J.
RAPHAEL J.