People v. Barber

2020 IL App (4th) 180674-U

• Court: Appellate Court of Illinois
• Decided: August 31, 2020
• Docket: 4-18-0674
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

NOTICE 2020 IL App (4th) 180674-U This order was filed under Supreme FILED Court Rule 23 and may not be cited August 31, 2020 NO. 4-18-0674 as precedent by any party except in Carla Bender the limited circumstances allowed 4th District Appellate under Rule 23(e)(1). IN THE APPELLATE COURT Court, IL

OF ILLINOIS

FOURTH DISTRICT

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from the Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Circuit Court of v. ) Champaign County MARKEL A. BARBER, ) No. 15CF905 Defendant-Appellant. ) ) Honorable ) Heidi N. Ladd, ) Judge Presiding. ______________________________________________________________________________

JUSTICE HARRIS delivered the judgment of the court. Presiding Justice Steigmann and Justice Knecht concurred in the judgment.

ORDER

¶1 Held: Defendant failed to establish he received unreasonable assistance of postconviction counsel.

¶2 In October of 2018, the trial court denied defendant’s amended petition for

postconviction relief. On appeal, defendant argues he did not receive reasonable assistance from

postconviction counsel because postconviction counsel failed to adequately present his contentions

of a constitutional violation during the third stage evidentiary hearing. We affirm.

¶3 I. BACKGROUND

¶4 On June 22, 2015, the State charged defendant with aggravated battery (720 ILCS

5/12-3.05(d)(2) (West 2014)). Defendant pled guilty to the charge on July 30, 2015, and was

sentenced to 30 months’ probation. ¶5 On September 8, 2017, the State filed a petition to revoke probation (PTR). In the

PTR, the State alleged defendant had violated the terms of his probation by failing to report to

court services on August 15, 2017, notify court services of his current address or whether he had

changed his residence, obtain an evaluation for alcohol and drug abuse, and enroll in a partner

abuse intervention program.

¶6 An evidentiary hearing on the PTR was scheduled for October 23, 2017. On that

date, defendant’s counsel began the proceeding by informing the trial court that defendant intended

to admit the allegations contained in the PTR. The court then asked defendant whether he “had

enough time to discuss *** this [PTR] and decide how [he] want[ed] to proceed.” Defendant

responded, “Guilty.” The court admonished defendant regarding the PTR and the possible

sentencing range, as well as his rights. The State recited the terms of the fully negotiated agreement

which involved defendant’s admission to the PTR in exchange for a prison term of five years and

one year of mandatory supervised release. Pursuant to the agreement, the State also agreed to

dismiss two pending felony charges. The State then presented a factual basis in support of

defendant’s admission. Defendant agreed the State accurately recited the terms of the agreement

and “admit[ted] that what [was] being claimed in [the PTR] [was] true and correct.” The court

found defendant’s stipulation and admission was knowing and voluntary and sentenced him in

accordance with the parties’ negotiated agreement.

¶7 On November 30, 2017, defendant pro se filed a petition for postconviction relief

pursuant to the Post-Conviction Hearing Act (Act) (725 ILCS 5/122-1 et seq. (West 2016)). In his

pro se petition, defendant alleged the following: “Defendant was coerced into taking a plea deal

for [five] years. Defendant was the victim of ineffective counsel.” On February 1, 2018, the trial

court appointed postconviction counsel.

-2- ¶8 On April 16, 2018, postconviction counsel filed an amended postconviction

petition. In the amended petition, defendant asserted four allegations of ineffective assistance of

plea counsel. Relevant to this appeal, defendant alleged plea counsel “failed to introduce any

evidence at [the PTR] hearing regarding medical records that [defendant] provided to [plea]

counsel.” The petition stated these records “demonstrated that [defendant] was unable to complete

services in the time constraints imposed under the probation order.” On August 22, 2018, the trial

court entered an order denying the State’s motion to dismiss the amended petition.

¶9 On October 1, 2018, an evidentiary hearing was held on defendant’s amended

postconviction petition. At the hearing, defendant was represented by new postconviction counsel.

At the beginning of the proceeding, postconviction counsel filed a certificate stating she had had

complied with the requirements of Illinois Supreme Court Rule 651(c) (eff. July 1, 2017).

¶ 10 Defendant testified on his own behalf. During his direct examination,

postconviction counsel did not ask defendant any questions about the medical records he alleged

plea counsel should have presented; postconviction counsel only questioned defendant about the

other allegations contained in the amended postconviction petition. On cross-examination, the

following colloquy between the prosecutor and defendant occurred.

“Q. Mr. Barber in your allegations on the post[ ]conviction petition you

complain about something regarding medical records. [I]s that right?

A. Yeah with my son. It was stating a reason why—the reason why I didn’t

do my two classes the anger management and the—the substance abuse. Because

we had to sit in Peoria over six months because my son was born at the St. Francis

Children’s Hospital because my son was born with a—a great transition of the

arteries [sic] his vessels [were] changed.”

-3- During cross-examination defendant also acknowledged plea counsel had reviewed the medical

records, discussed them with him, and informed him she would not present the records to the trial

court unless there was an “open sentencing plea.” Defendant did not testify further regarding his

son’s medical records

¶ 11 The State called plea counsel, Amanda Riess. Riess testified that prior to

defendant’s admission to the PTR, she reviewed defendant’s son’s medical records. She stated she

did not believe “they would help his situation as far as actually refuting the allegations of the

[PTR].” Riess confirmed the records showed defendant’s son had a “heart defect” but explained

the records also showed defendant’s son was not hospitalized “the entire period of time in which

[defendant] was ordered to do different things for the purposes of probation.” According to Riess,

“[m]any of the records documented follow-up visits that essentially said the goal—or the

recommendations were for [defendant’s son] to come back in a few months for a follow-up.” On

cross-examination, Riess testified she did not give the medical records to the prosecutor, but she

informed him of the child’s condition “as part of the negotiations.”

¶ 12 The trial court ultimately denied defendant’s petition, finding “there [was] no

violation of a constitutional interest.” Regarding the medical records, the court found:

“[The] allegations [in the PTR] would not be defeated by some suggestion that

[defendant’s] son had medical problems that required his attention in the hospital

and [plea counsel] *** elaborated on the fact she fully considered that not only

conveyed it to [the prosecutor] as apparent in the emails but that it didn’t cover all

the time that he didn’t report and all the time that Court Services could not find

him. So it would not be a defense to the petition.”

The court noted the medical records might possibly have been relevant as evidence in mitigation

-4- had there been an open plea, but “defendant elected to admit and not to risk then the graver sentence

that he faced.”

¶ 13 This appeal followed.

¶ 14 II. ANALYSIS

¶ 15 On appeal, defendant argues he did not receive reasonable assistance from

postconviction counsel during the third-stage evidentiary hearing. Specifically, defendant argues

postconviction counsel provided unreasonable assistance by failing to: “(1) provide the medical

records that were the basis of [defendant’s] claim that [plea counsel] was ineffective in failing to

produce ***; and (2) ask [defendant] whether he would have admitted the allegations of the PTR

had [plea counsel] not performed deficiently.”

¶ 16 A. The Act

¶ 17 “The Act sets forth a procedural mechanism through which a defendant can claim

that ‘in the proceedings which resulted in his or her conviction there was a substantial denial of

his or her rights under the Constitution of the United States or of the State of Illinois or both.’ ”

People v. Hotwagner, 2015 IL App (5th) 130525, ¶ 27, 40 N.E.3d 1235 (quoting 725 ILCS 5/122-

1(a)(1) (West 2008)). A defendant commences a postconviction proceeding under the Act by filing

a petition for relief in the trial court. 725 ILCS 5/122-1(b) (West 2016). Once a postconviction

petition is filed, it undergoes a three-stage adjudication process. People v. Harris, 224 Ill. 2d 115,

125, 862 N.E.2d 960, 967 (2007).

¶ 18 At the first stage of postconviction proceedings, the court determines whether the

petition is frivolous and patently without merit. People v. Hodges, 234 Ill. 2d 1, 10, 912 N.E.2d

1204, 1208-09 (2009). When a postconviction petition is not dismissed at the first stage, it

advances to the second stage. Harris, 224 Ill. 2d at 126. “The second stage of postconviction

-5- review tests the legal sufficiency of the petition.” People v. Domagala, 2013 IL 113688, ¶ 35, 987

N.E.2d 767. During this stage, “counsel may be appointed to an indigent defendant and the State

may file a motion to dismiss or an answer to the petition.” Id. ¶ 33.

¶ 19 If the petition is not dismissed during the second stage, it then advances to the third

stage, which is an evidentiary hearing. Id. ¶ 34. “At such a hearing, the circuit court serves as the

fact finder, and, therefore, it is the court’s function to determine witness credibility, decide the

weight to be given testimony and evidence, and resolve any evidentiary conflicts.” Id. At the

third-stage evidentiary hearing, “the burden of proof is upon the petitioner to show a denial of [a]

constitutional right by a preponderance of the evidence.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.)

People v. Coleman, 2013 IL 113307, ¶ 92, 996 N.E.2d 617.

¶ 20 “Because the sixth amendment right to counsel does not extend to

postconviction petitioners, counsel is afforded in collateral proceedings under the

Act only as a matter of legislative grace, if at all. [Citation.] Consequently, criminal

defendants seeking relief in postconviction proceedings have no constitutional right

to counsel, effective or otherwise. Postconviction petitioners are entitled to only the

level of assistance guaranteed by the Act. [Citation]. The required quantum of

assistance has been judicially deemed to be a reasonable level, a standard that is

significantly lower than the one mandated at trial by our state and federal

constitutions. [Citation].” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) People v. Custer,

2019 IL 123339, ¶ 30.

¶ 21 B. Defendant’s Claim

¶ 22 Defendant alleges postconviction counsel provided unreasonable assistance

because she failed to “(1) provide the medical records that were the basis of [defendant’s] claim

-6- that [plea counsel] was ineffective in failing to produce ***; and (2) ask [defendant] whether he

would have admitted the allegations of the PTR had [plea counsel] not performed deficiently.”

Neither of these contentions demonstrate postconviction counsel was ineffective under Strickland

v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984).

¶ 23 Regarding a claim that counsel provided unreasonable assistance during third-stage

proceedings, if a defendant is unable to establish ineffective assistance, he has also necessarily

failed to establish unreasonable assistance, a less rigorous standard than ineffective assistance.

People v. Pabello, 2019 IL App (2d) 170867, ¶ 37, 145 N.E.3d 705. To establish ineffective

assistance of counsel under Strickland, “a defendant must prove that defense counsel’s

performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness and that this substandard

performance caused prejudice.” People v. Ross, 229 Ill. 2d 255, 260, 891 N.E.2d 865, 869 (2008).

To establish counsel’s substandard performance caused prejudice, a defendant must show “there

is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding

would have been different.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) People v. Colon, 225 Ill. 2d 125,

135, 866 N.E.2d 207, 213 (2007). It is well established that “a defendant’s failure to satisfy either

part of the Strickland test will defeat a claim of ineffective assistance.” People v. Edwards, 195

Ill. 2d 142, 163, 745 N.E.2d 1212, 1223-24 (2001). “Accordingly, a court considering a claim of

ineffective assistance need not determine whether counsel’s performance was deficient before

examining the prejudice suffered by the defendant as a result of the alleged deficiencies.” (Internal

quotation marks omitted.) Id. Here, defendant’s claims fail because he cannot establish that he was

prejudiced by postconviction counsel’s alleged errors.

¶ 24 Defendant claims he was prejudiced by postconviction counsel’s failure to admit

the medical records because, “[w]ithout those documents it was impossible for postconviction

-7- counsel to prove that [plea] counsel did not make a reasonable strategic decision” and “impossible

for him to make the requisite showing of prejudice through not being able to present a plausible

defense.” However, defendant’s claim fails because the record shows that his son’s medical

records would not have served as a complete defense to the allegations made in the PTR.

¶ 25 During the third-stage evidentiary hearing, defendant’s plea counsel testified that,

although the medical records showed defendant’s son had been born with a heart condition, the

records “did not cover the entire period of time in which [defendant] was ordered to do different

things for the purposes of probation. Many of the records documented follow-up visits that

essentially said the goal—or the recommendations were for [defendant’s son] to come back in a

few months for a follow-up.” Defendant’s plea counsel agreed that the medical records “would not

have provided a complete and successful defense to the allegations of the [PTR].”

¶ 26 Defendant also testified about his son’s medical records. In response to a question

posed by the State, defendant testified that the medical records would have shown “the reason why

[he] didn’t do [his] *** anger management and *** substance abuse [classes].” However, in the

PTR, the State also alleged defendant had violated the terms of his probation by failing to give

notice in writing of a change in address. Thus, even assuming the medical records would have

established defendant was required to be in the hospital with his son during the entire period of

defendant’s probationary period—a dubious proposition—they would not have served as a defense

to all of the allegations contained in the petition. Accordingly, because we find defendant was not

prejudiced by postconviction counsel’s failure to present his son’s medical records during the

evidentiary hearing, he is unable to establish counsel was ineffective, let alone that counsel

provided unreasonable assistance.

¶ 27 As noted, defendant’s second claim on appeal is that postconviction counsel

-8- provided unreasonable assistance when, at the third stage hearing, she failed to ask defendant “if

he would have admitted the PTR had the records been introduced in the first place.” We find this

claim is without merit. In his brief, defendant fails to explain when or how plea counsel was

supposed to present the medical records to the trial court. The record clearly shows there was no

evidentiary hearing on the PTR. More importantly, defendant fails to explain how he was

prejudiced by this alleged failure of counsel. Defendant acknowledged during his testimony that

he had discussed the medical records with plea counsel prior to admitting to the PTR. Thus,

defendant was aware of the medical records before the plea hearing, no matter that they were not

presented to the court. Defendant has failed to establish he received unreasonable assistance of

counsel as alleged.

¶ 28 III. CONCLUSION

¶ 29 For the reasons stated, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

¶ 30 Affirmed.

-9-