People v. Baez

24 A.D.3d 112, 804 N.Y.S.2d 316

This text of 24 A.D.3d 112 (People v. Baez) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Baez, 24 A.D.3d 112, 804 N.Y.S.2d 316 (N.Y. Ct. App. 2005).

Opinion

[113]*113Judgment, Supreme Court, New York County (John E.H. Stackhouse, J.), rendered October 1, 1999, convicting defendant, after a nonjury trial, of two counts of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the third degree and one count of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the seventh degree, and sentencing him, as a second felony offender, to concurrent terms of 7½ to 15 years and one year, respectively, unanimously affirmed. Judgment, same court (Brenda Soloff, J.), rendered November 22, 1999, convicting defendant, upon his plea of guilty, of criminal sale of a controlled substance in the second degree, and sentencing him, as a second felony offender, to 6½ years to life, with the sentence to run concurrently with the sentence imposed under the October 1, 1999 conviction, unanimously affirmed. Order, same court (Marcy L. Kahn, J.), entered on or about February 13, 2004, which denied defendant’s motion to vacate his October 1, 1999 conviction, unanimously affirmed.

On March 12, 1997, an undercover police officer approached defendant and another man (later identified as Santana) to inquire about purchasing heroin. Defendant informed the undercover of the “brand” name that was being used for heroin (“heavy roller”), and directed the undercover to a man across the street. When the undercover asked the man across the street (later identified as Hires) to sell him some “heavy roller,” Hires said his stash had run out. Hires then walked over to defendant and Santana and spoke to them. After this conversation, Santana walked over to a purple van parked in the parking lot of a nearby White Castle restaurant, entered the van, and emerged with a brown paper bag, which he handed over to Hires. Hires then walked back to the undercover, and sold him a glassine envelope of heroin from the bag.

After the above transaction, the undercover sent a radio transmission to the backup team, telling them that a “positive buy” had occurred at a given location, describing defendant and Santana, and stating that the drugs apparently had been stored in a purple van in the parking lot of the White Castle restaurant. [114]*114Upon arriving at the scene, the backup team detained defendant and Santana, who were placed under arrest after the undercover positively identified them as the men to whom he had spoken about purchasing heroin. Hires was also arrested, and the brown paper bag from which he made the sale (which he discarded just before being arrested) was found to contain 31 glassine envelopes of heroin.

A postarrest search of defendant’s person yielded, among other items, car keys and a remote car-lock operator. When the latter device was activated, it unlocked the purple van in the White Castle parking lot, from which the undercover had seen Santana emerge with the brown paper bag. The police then searched the van, and discovered 11 glassine envelopes of heroin inside.

Insofar as relevant to this appeal, Indictment No. 2336/97 (the. 1997 indictment) charged defendant with two counts of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the third degree. One count was based on the heroin found in the brown paper bag, and the other count was based on the heroin found inside the van. Prior to trial, defendant moved to suppress, in relevant part, the undercover’s identification of him at the scene, as well as the evidence yielded by the search of his person incident to the arrest (i.e., the car keys and the remote car-lock operator). This aspect of the suppression motion was denied, and, after a bench trial, defendant was convicted of both counts of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the third degree.

On appeal from the judgment of conviction rendered under the 1997 indictment, defendant’s principal argument is that his motion to suppress should have been granted, to the extent indicated above, on the ground that the police witness at the suppression hearing (a member of the backup team) failed to testify to the contents of the undercover’s radio-transmitted description of defendant that provided the basis for his initial detention. Defendant made no such argument at the suppression hearing, however, and, therefore, the point is unpreserved for appellate review (see People v Fatter, 19 AD3d 138, 139 [2005]; People v Alston, 9 AD3d 268, 269 [2004], Iv denied 3 NY3d 703 [2004]; People v Santana, 235 AD2d 220 [1997], Iv denied 89 NY2d 1100 [1997]). We decline to review defendant’s unpreserved contention in the interest of justice.

Having considered defendant’s further arguments that his convictions under the 1997 indictment are not supported by sufficient evidence, and are against the weight of the evidence, we find such arguments unavailing. Insofar as defendant argues that his sentence was excessive, we perceive no abuse of sentencing discretion.

[115]*115In 2003, defendant, represented by new counsel, made a CPL 440.10 application to vacate his convictions under the 1997 indictment. Defendant argued that he had received ineffective assistance of counsel in that his trial counsel failed to move to suppress the heroin found in the purple van, a vehicle registered in defendant’s wife’s name. By order dated February 13, 2004, Supreme Court denied defendant’s CPL 440.10 application, and his appeal from that order has been consolidated with the direct appeal from the underlying judgment of conviction.

We affirm the denial of the application to vacate the convictions under the 1997 indictment. Defendant’s trial attorney’s failure to move to suppress the drugs found in the van did not constitute ineffective assistance of counsel, since such a motion would not have had any merit, notwithstanding that no warrant had been issued for a search of the van. Under the automobile exception to the warrant requirement, police may conduct a warrantless search of a vehicle where they have probable cause to believe that the vehicle contains evidence or contraband, and there is a nexus between the arrest and the probable cause for the search (see e.g. People v Galak, 81 NY2d 463, 467 [1993]). Manifestly, both of these requirements were satisfied here. The police who searched the van had probable cause to believe it contained heroin, since the undercover had reported to them that the purple van in the White Castle parking lot (from which Santana had obtained the brown paper bag) appeared to be the source of the heroin he purchased (see Pennsylvania v Labron, 518 US 938, 940 [1996] [probable cause justified warrantless searches of vehicles where police “had seen respondent Labron put drugs in the trunk of the car they searched and had seen respondent Kilgore act in ways that suggested he had drugs in his truck”]; People v Langen, 60 NY2d 170, 181-182 [1983], cert denied 465 US 1028 [1984] [upon arresting defendant for drug possession, “the police had probable cause to believe that contraband related to that crime was located somewhere in the truck,” and, therefore, “they could properly search the entire truck” for such contraband without a warrant]).1 Further, there clearly was a nexus between defendant’s arrest and the probable cause for the search of the van for additional contraband, [116]*116since defendant was being arrested for his connection to the drugs in the brown paper bag that apparently had been taken from the van.

Defendant argues that the automobile exception to the warrant requirement—which is based in large part on the mobility of vehicles (see Galak,

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Pennsylvania v. Labron
518 U.S. 938 (Supreme Court, 1996)
People v. Pichardo
802 N.E.2d 141 (New York Court of Appeals, 2003)
People v. Galak
616 N.E.2d 842 (New York Court of Appeals, 1993)
People v. Baldi
429 N.E.2d 400 (New York Court of Appeals, 1981)
People v. Langen
456 N.E.2d 1167 (New York Court of Appeals, 1983)
People v. Alston
9 A.D.3d 268 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2004)
People v. Faller
19 A.D.3d 138 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2005)
People v. Santana
235 A.D.2d 220 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1997)
People v. Simpson
244 A.D.2d 87 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1998)
People v. Faines
297 A.D.2d 590 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2002)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
24 A.D.3d 112, 804 N.Y.S.2d 316, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-baez-nyappdiv-2005.