People v. Atwood

549 N.E.2d 1362, 193 Ill. App. 3d 580, 140 Ill. Dec. 490, 1990 Ill. App. LEXIS 89
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedJanuary 25, 1990
Docket4-88-0693
StatusPublished
Cited by13 cases

This text of 549 N.E.2d 1362 (People v. Atwood) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Atwood, 549 N.E.2d 1362, 193 Ill. App. 3d 580, 140 Ill. Dec. 490, 1990 Ill. App. LEXIS 89 (Ill. Ct. App. 1990).

Opinion

JUSTICE GREEN

delivered the opinion of the court:

On August 2, 1988, following a jury trial in the circuit court of Greene County, defendant Melvin Atwood was convicted of various drug offenses, including: three counts of unlawful delivery of cannabis, one count of unlawful possession of cannabis, five counts of unlawful delivery of a controlled substance, and one count of unlawful possession of a controlled substance. He was subsequently sentenced to two, consecutive seven-year terms of imprisonment for two convictions of delivery of a controlled substance containing cocaine. Lesser terms of imprisonment were imposed for the other convictions and were ordered to run concurrently with the first seven-year term of imprisonment. A fine, costs, reimbursement to the county for defendant’s use of court-appointed defense counsel, and a lien against defendant’s real and personal property were also ordered.

Defendant appeals, contending the court erred (1) in refusing to suppress evidence seized pursuant to a search warrant; (2) in ordering him to reimburse Greene County for the services of appointed defense counsel; (3) in sentencing him; and (4) in failing to give him sufficient credit upon his sentence for time he had spent in custody. We affirm the convictions but reverse the sentences and the order for reimbursement to the county. We remand for resentencing and for a new hearing in regard to reimbursement. In regard to credit for time spent in custody, the State agrees that upon any remand, the defendant is entitled to credit for 197 days against his sentence of imprisonment and $985 credit against his fines. We so order.

As defendant does not dispute the sufficiency of the evidence at trial to support the verdicts, we need discuss that evidence only briefly.

Joe Gromelski, a paid informant, testified in great detail to purchases he had made from defendant of marijuana and certain narcotic drugs on the dates alleged in the various counts of the information filed against defendant. This testimony was corroborated, also in great detail, by that of police officers who had also been involved (1) in setting up the purchases; (2) in searching Gromelski and his vehicle before he left to make the purchases; and (3) in following him to defendant’s home. Gromelski and the officers testified to a total of six purchases made between December 1987 and February 29,1988.

Deputy sheriff Rick Snyder testified at trial that, after Gromelski had made a purchase from defendant on February 29, 1988, Snyder obtained a search warrant giving him the authority to search defendant’s residence and vehicles and anyone on the premises. He said the other officer making the search discovered $240 in currency, which had serial numbers that matched currency given to Gromelski prior to making a purchase of narcotics earlier that evening.

Defendant called a number of witnesses whose testimony was substantially similar in that they stated they had never seen defendant sell or give narcotics or cannabis to Gromelski on February 29, 1988, or at any other time.

Defendant testified that (1) defendant was purchasing the house in which he was residing; (2) Gromelski owed defendant money for rent when Gromelski stayed with defendant and for money defendant had loaned Gromelski; (3) Gromelski paid him $270 on that debt on February 29, 1988, the night he was arrested; (4) he did not sell drugs to Gromelski that evening or any of the other dates alleged in the information; (5) he had never sold drugs or given drugs of any kind to Gromelski; (6) he purchased cocaine and methamphetamines from Gromelski several times after November 1987; and (7) on February 29, 1988, he and Gromelski used Gromelski’s cocaine, but defendant did not possess cocaine, methamphetamine or cannabis that evening.

In rebuttal, the State introduced into evidence a tape recording of a conversation allegedly held between defendant and Gromelski on February 29, 1988. The tape recording, which resulted from a hidden taping device on Gromelski, was played to the jury for the purpose of impeaching defendant’s trial testimony. In addition, the court cautioned the jury that the tape was being used for the limited purpose of determining defendant’s credibility and the believability of the defendant and the informant.

The record concerning the issuance of the search warrant is most unusual. At a time which is uncertain, defendant, acting pro se, filed a motion to quash the previously mentioned search warrant and to suppress the money seized. This motion is not in the record. Subsequently, this motion was replaced by a motion by court-appointed counsel. This motion was considered by the trial judge after the jury had been selected and sworn but before opening statements. The trial judge had also been the judge who issued the warrant. The judge indicated he was going to deny the motion and then did so. Defense counsel did not attempt to offer any evidence or make any objection to the procedure.

We consider first the ruling on the motion to suppress. Defendant maintains the circuit court erred in this respect (1) by failing to hold an evidentiary hearing on the motion; (2) by taking judicial notice of the transcript of the testimony presented at an ex parte hearing on the petition for the search warrant, pursuant to which the questioned evidence was seized; and (3) by failing to state its findings of fact and conclusions of law in the order denying suppression.

Section 108 — 3(a) of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 (Code) provides for courts to issue search warrants “upon the written complaint of any person under oath or affirmation which states facts sufficient to show probable cause.” (Emphasis added.) (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 38, par. 108 — 3(a).) The record does not contain the complaint or any supporting affidavits upon which the warrant was issued. The record does contain a report of proceedings which contains testimony of Deputy Snyder, who was apparently the complainant. This testimony was taken by the court upon presentation of the complaint for a search warrant. For reasons we will explain, we need not consider whether, under Illinois law, such a transcript can be the basis for the issuance of a search warrant. See People v. Elias (1925), 316 Ill. 376, 147 N.E. 472; W. LaFave, Search & Seizure §4.3(b), at 171-74 (2d ed. 1987).

Section 114 — 12(b) of the Code provides that when a written motion to suppress has been filed stating “facts showing wherein [a] search and seizure [has been] unlawful[,] [the] judge shall receive evidence on any issue of fact necessary to determine the motion.” (Emphasis added.) (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1963, ch. 38, par. 114 — 12(b).) Here, defendant’s motion to suppress did not challenge the manner in which the warrant was executed, but contended the warrant was issued without a showing of probable cause. Ordinarily the question of whether probable cause was shown for the issuance of a search warrant must be determined upon the basis of the verified allegations of the complaint for the issuance of the warrant or supporting documents. (People v. Bak (1970), 45 Ill. 2d 140, 258 N.E .2d 341.) However, under the holding in Franks v. Delaware (1978), 438 U.S. 154, 57 L. Ed. 2d 667, 98 S. Ct.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
549 N.E.2d 1362, 193 Ill. App. 3d 580, 140 Ill. Dec. 490, 1990 Ill. App. LEXIS 89, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-atwood-illappct-1990.