2022 IL App (1st) 210029-U
FIFTH DIVISION June 17, 2022
Nos. 1-21-0029 & 1-21-0030 (Cons.)
NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and is not precedent except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).
IN THE APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) ) Appeal from the Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Circuit Court of Cook County. ) v. ) 87 CR 8638 (03) (01) ) ARTHUR ALMENDAREZ & ) Honorable Timothy Joyce, JOHN GALVAN, ) Judge Presiding. ) Defendants-Appellants. )
JUSTICE CONNORS delivered the judgment of the court. Presiding Justice Delort and Justice Hoffman concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
Held: Appeal dismissed for lack jurisdiction because the circuit court’s order taking the case “off call” was not a final and appealable order.
¶1 Defendants, Arthur Almendarez and John Galvan, appeal from the circuit court’s order
denying their motions to suppress evidence. The procedural history of this case is complex and
has been discussed at length in past orders of this court. See People v. Almendarez, 2020 IL App
(1st) 170028; People v. Galvan, 2019 IL App (1st) 170150; People v. Almendarez, 2013 IL App
(1st) 100306-U; People v. Galvan, 2012 IL App (1st) 100305-U; People v. Almendarez, 266 Ill. Nos. 1-21-0029 & 1-21-0030 (cons.)
App. 3d 369 (1994); People v. Galvan, 244 Ill. App. 3d 298 (1993). Accordingly, we will only
briefly address the background of this case and limit our discussion largely to those events that
have transpired since our latest decisions in Galvan, 2019 IL App (1st) 170150, and Almendarez,
2020 IL App (1st) 170028. For the following reasons, we dismiss this appeal for lack of
jurisdiction.
¶2 I. BACKGROUND
¶3 On September 21, 1986, at approximately 4 a.m., there was a fire at 2603 West 24th
Place in Chicago that killed two young men, Guadalupe and Julio Martinez, both of whom
resided with their family in the upstairs apartment of the building. Their siblings, Blanca and
Jorge Martinez, escaped. Investigators suspected arson. Galvan, Almendarez, and Francisco
Nanez were arrested nine months after the fire. They were charged with aggravated arson and
first degree murder
¶4 Prior to trial, defense counsel for both Galvan and Almendarez filed motions to quash
arrest and suppress their confessions. In the motions, they argued that they were abused by two
detectives: Victor Switski and James Hanrahan. They contended that they were told they could
go home if they signed statements.
¶5 At the hearing on the motions, Detectives Switski and Hanrahan denied that any physical
abuse occurred and denied that they told the suspects that they could go home if they signed a
statement. The circuit court denied the motions.
¶6 Following separate jury trials, Galvan and Almendarez were each convicted of
aggravated arson and first degree murder. They were each sentenced to natural life in prison
without parole.
2 Nos. 1-21-0029 & 1-21-0030 (cons.)
¶7 Almendarez and Galvan both filed postconviction petitions alleging actual innocence and
newly discovered evidence of police coercion. The circuit court denied these claims, but we
reversed for a third-stage evidentiary hearing.
¶8 A joint evidentiary hearing was held over the course of 14 days, where 23 witnesses were
presented. The details of that hearing are discussed at length in Galvan, 2019 IL App (1st)
170150, ¶¶ 19-55, and Almendarez, 2020 IL App (1st) 170028, ¶¶ 12-57. At the close of
evidence, the circuit court found that Galvan and Almendarez did not meet the necessary burden
of proof to entitle them to postconviction relief. The court found that the witnesses were not
credible and that their testimony did not lead to any conclusion that had the pattern of police
misconduct testimony been presented at their pretrial hearings on their motions to suppress their
confessions, such motions would have been granted.
¶9 On appeal, we found that the circuit court’s conclusion was manifestly erroneous.
Galvan, 2019 IL App (1st) 170150, ¶ 74, and Almendarez, 2020 IL App (1st) 170028, ¶ 76. We
stated that the new evidence presented, when weighed against the State’s original evidence, was
conclusive enough that the outcome of the suppression hearing likely would have been different
if the detectives had been subject to impeachment based on the pattern of abusive tactics the
witnesses testified about. Id. We reversed and remanded with directions that Galvan and
Almendarez receive a new suppression hearing and, if necessary, a new trial. Id.
¶ 10 On remand, the circuit court stated that it would consider all witness testimony that it
heard during the third-stage post-conviction evidentiary hearing, but not the transcripts from the
original pretrial hearing on the motions to suppress.
¶ 11 At the new suppression hearing, Annette Faklis Moriarty testified that she was working
as a court reporter for the Cook County State’s Attorney’s Office on June 8, 1987. She did not
3 Nos. 1-21-0029 & 1-21-0030 (cons.)
have an independent recollection of the events on that date, but recognized the court-reported
statement that she took on that date. She also recognized the picture of Galvan that she took at
Area 4 Violent Crimes at approximately 12:10 a.m. In the 30 years she was employed with the
Cook County State’s Attorney’s Office, she was never alone in a room with a defendant. If she
saw signs of abuse on somebody, she would have complained to her supervisor. She testified that
she did not see signs of abuse in Galvan’s photograph.
¶ 12 On cross-examination, Moriarty testified that her standard procedure was to take a
statement, then give it to the State’s Attorney, and then take a picture. Everyone who was in the
room signed the picture. Moriarty testified that it appeared that ASA Joel Leighton and Detective
Switski signed Galvan’s picture as well. Moriarty stated that other than recognizing her
handwriting and her initials, she did not have any independent memory of being at Area 4
Violent Crimes on June 8, 1987.
¶ 13 Almendarez testified that Moriarty was not the court reporter that was present when he
gave his statement on June 8, 1987.
¶ 14 In closing argument, the State asked that the circuit court deny the motion to suppress
both statements. It noted that nothing is “amiss” about the statement or photograph of Galvan,
and that the pictures do not demonstrate “any kind of abuse or torture because it is a pure fiction
that has been growing for 35 years.” The State argued that in the photographs, the defendants are
smiling, which shows they were not abused.
¶ 15 Defense counsel argued that the defendants were smiling in the photographs because they
were relieved. They had been told they were going home if they gave a statement. Defense
counsel noted that at a suppression hearing, the State’s burden is to prove by a preponderance of
the evidence that the statement is voluntary, and the State did not meet that burden here.
4 Nos. 1-21-0029 & 1-21-0030 (cons.)
¶ 16 On December 17, 2020, the trial denied Galvan and Almendarez’s motion to suppress
statements. The court noted that at the third-stage evidentiary hearing under the Act, Galvan and
Almendarez had the burden to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that they were entitled
to constitutional relief, and that at a suppression hearing, it was the State’s burden to prove by a
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2022 IL App (1st) 210029-U
FIFTH DIVISION June 17, 2022
Nos. 1-21-0029 & 1-21-0030 (Cons.)
NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and is not precedent except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).
IN THE APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) ) Appeal from the Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Circuit Court of Cook County. ) v. ) 87 CR 8638 (03) (01) ) ARTHUR ALMENDAREZ & ) Honorable Timothy Joyce, JOHN GALVAN, ) Judge Presiding. ) Defendants-Appellants. )
JUSTICE CONNORS delivered the judgment of the court. Presiding Justice Delort and Justice Hoffman concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
Held: Appeal dismissed for lack jurisdiction because the circuit court’s order taking the case “off call” was not a final and appealable order.
¶1 Defendants, Arthur Almendarez and John Galvan, appeal from the circuit court’s order
denying their motions to suppress evidence. The procedural history of this case is complex and
has been discussed at length in past orders of this court. See People v. Almendarez, 2020 IL App
(1st) 170028; People v. Galvan, 2019 IL App (1st) 170150; People v. Almendarez, 2013 IL App
(1st) 100306-U; People v. Galvan, 2012 IL App (1st) 100305-U; People v. Almendarez, 266 Ill. Nos. 1-21-0029 & 1-21-0030 (cons.)
App. 3d 369 (1994); People v. Galvan, 244 Ill. App. 3d 298 (1993). Accordingly, we will only
briefly address the background of this case and limit our discussion largely to those events that
have transpired since our latest decisions in Galvan, 2019 IL App (1st) 170150, and Almendarez,
2020 IL App (1st) 170028. For the following reasons, we dismiss this appeal for lack of
jurisdiction.
¶2 I. BACKGROUND
¶3 On September 21, 1986, at approximately 4 a.m., there was a fire at 2603 West 24th
Place in Chicago that killed two young men, Guadalupe and Julio Martinez, both of whom
resided with their family in the upstairs apartment of the building. Their siblings, Blanca and
Jorge Martinez, escaped. Investigators suspected arson. Galvan, Almendarez, and Francisco
Nanez were arrested nine months after the fire. They were charged with aggravated arson and
first degree murder
¶4 Prior to trial, defense counsel for both Galvan and Almendarez filed motions to quash
arrest and suppress their confessions. In the motions, they argued that they were abused by two
detectives: Victor Switski and James Hanrahan. They contended that they were told they could
go home if they signed statements.
¶5 At the hearing on the motions, Detectives Switski and Hanrahan denied that any physical
abuse occurred and denied that they told the suspects that they could go home if they signed a
statement. The circuit court denied the motions.
¶6 Following separate jury trials, Galvan and Almendarez were each convicted of
aggravated arson and first degree murder. They were each sentenced to natural life in prison
without parole.
2 Nos. 1-21-0029 & 1-21-0030 (cons.)
¶7 Almendarez and Galvan both filed postconviction petitions alleging actual innocence and
newly discovered evidence of police coercion. The circuit court denied these claims, but we
reversed for a third-stage evidentiary hearing.
¶8 A joint evidentiary hearing was held over the course of 14 days, where 23 witnesses were
presented. The details of that hearing are discussed at length in Galvan, 2019 IL App (1st)
170150, ¶¶ 19-55, and Almendarez, 2020 IL App (1st) 170028, ¶¶ 12-57. At the close of
evidence, the circuit court found that Galvan and Almendarez did not meet the necessary burden
of proof to entitle them to postconviction relief. The court found that the witnesses were not
credible and that their testimony did not lead to any conclusion that had the pattern of police
misconduct testimony been presented at their pretrial hearings on their motions to suppress their
confessions, such motions would have been granted.
¶9 On appeal, we found that the circuit court’s conclusion was manifestly erroneous.
Galvan, 2019 IL App (1st) 170150, ¶ 74, and Almendarez, 2020 IL App (1st) 170028, ¶ 76. We
stated that the new evidence presented, when weighed against the State’s original evidence, was
conclusive enough that the outcome of the suppression hearing likely would have been different
if the detectives had been subject to impeachment based on the pattern of abusive tactics the
witnesses testified about. Id. We reversed and remanded with directions that Galvan and
Almendarez receive a new suppression hearing and, if necessary, a new trial. Id.
¶ 10 On remand, the circuit court stated that it would consider all witness testimony that it
heard during the third-stage post-conviction evidentiary hearing, but not the transcripts from the
original pretrial hearing on the motions to suppress.
¶ 11 At the new suppression hearing, Annette Faklis Moriarty testified that she was working
as a court reporter for the Cook County State’s Attorney’s Office on June 8, 1987. She did not
3 Nos. 1-21-0029 & 1-21-0030 (cons.)
have an independent recollection of the events on that date, but recognized the court-reported
statement that she took on that date. She also recognized the picture of Galvan that she took at
Area 4 Violent Crimes at approximately 12:10 a.m. In the 30 years she was employed with the
Cook County State’s Attorney’s Office, she was never alone in a room with a defendant. If she
saw signs of abuse on somebody, she would have complained to her supervisor. She testified that
she did not see signs of abuse in Galvan’s photograph.
¶ 12 On cross-examination, Moriarty testified that her standard procedure was to take a
statement, then give it to the State’s Attorney, and then take a picture. Everyone who was in the
room signed the picture. Moriarty testified that it appeared that ASA Joel Leighton and Detective
Switski signed Galvan’s picture as well. Moriarty stated that other than recognizing her
handwriting and her initials, she did not have any independent memory of being at Area 4
Violent Crimes on June 8, 1987.
¶ 13 Almendarez testified that Moriarty was not the court reporter that was present when he
gave his statement on June 8, 1987.
¶ 14 In closing argument, the State asked that the circuit court deny the motion to suppress
both statements. It noted that nothing is “amiss” about the statement or photograph of Galvan,
and that the pictures do not demonstrate “any kind of abuse or torture because it is a pure fiction
that has been growing for 35 years.” The State argued that in the photographs, the defendants are
smiling, which shows they were not abused.
¶ 15 Defense counsel argued that the defendants were smiling in the photographs because they
were relieved. They had been told they were going home if they gave a statement. Defense
counsel noted that at a suppression hearing, the State’s burden is to prove by a preponderance of
the evidence that the statement is voluntary, and the State did not meet that burden here.
4 Nos. 1-21-0029 & 1-21-0030 (cons.)
¶ 16 On December 17, 2020, the trial denied Galvan and Almendarez’s motion to suppress
statements. The court noted that at the third-stage evidentiary hearing under the Act, Galvan and
Almendarez had the burden to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that they were entitled
to constitutional relief, and that at a suppression hearing, it was the State’s burden to prove by a
preponderance of the evidence that the statements made by Galvan and Almendarez were
voluntary. The circuit court then found that the “State has done so. The motions will be
respectfully denied.” The circuit court then stated that the convictions and sentences would
remain, and that “the matters can go off call.” Galvan and Almendarez now appeal.
¶ 17 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 18 On appeal, Galvan and Almendarez argue that the circuit court erred in closing the case
after denying their motion to suppress, and therefore denying them new trials.
¶ 19 First, we must consider whether we have jurisdiction. A reviewing court has an
independent duty to consider its own jurisdiction. People v. Smith, 228 Ill. 2d 95, 104 (2008).
Galvan and Almendarez suggest we have jurisdiction because they are appealing from a
judgment denying their motions to suppress. They do not cite any Supreme Court Rule that
arguably makes the circuit court’s order appealable, but rather cite to case law dealing with
situations where a reviewing court reserves its own jurisdiction. We find this case law to be
inapposite to the situation presented here.
¶ 20 In our most recent decisions, we reversed the circuit court’s orders denying Galvan’s and
Almendarez’s third-stage postconviction petitions and remanded for a new suppression hearing.
Galvan, 2019 IL App (1st) 170150, ¶ 79; Almendarez, 2020 IL App (1st) 170028, ¶ 78. Upon
receipt of our mandate, the circuit court held a new suppression hearing and denied Galvan and
Almendarez any relief. After doing so, the circuit court stated that the cases would be “off call,”
5 Nos. 1-21-0029 & 1-21-0030 (cons.)
and that “one of two things could happen.” The court indicated that Galvan and Almendarez
could file a notice of appeal “or somehow get the matter back to the Appellate Court,” or that
they could “put it back on the call if there is something else I ought to reconsider or do
differently.” The court continued, “But, for the moment, I will consider that the matter is
concluded, off call, and I will wait for you to tell me how you wish to proceed, however you
wish to proceed, or not tell me and just file a notice of appeal without bringing it to my
attention.”
¶ 21 When this court reversed the circuit court’s orders denying Galvan’s and Almendarez’s
third-stage postconviction petitions, it logically followed that this court was vacating their
convictions, as well as remanding for a new suppression hearing and trial, event though that
relief was not explicitly stated. This court’s stating that the matter was remanded for a new trial
“if necessary,” was intended to reflect that if the circuit court granted the motions to suppress,
the State might abandon the prosecution for lack of admissible evidence. This court did not
intend that if the circuit court denied the motions to suppress, that no new trial should take place.
Accordingly, the circuit court’s taking the matter “off call” left the need for a new trial
unresolved and thus was not a final and appealable order.
¶ 22 While the parties have briefed the issue of whether the court properly denied the motion
to suppress, we cannot comment on the outcome of the new suppression hearing at this time, as
Illinois Supreme Court Rule 604(a)(1) (eff. Jul 1, 2017) does not permit a defendant to appeal
from an order of a trial court denying a motion to suppress evidence until after conviction. See
People v. Johnson, 208 Ill. 2d 118, 138 (2003); People v. Kepi, 65 Ill. App. 3d 327, 331 (1978).
6 Nos. 1-21-0029 & 1-21-0030 (cons.)
¶ 23 Therefore, with the clarification that Galvan’s and Almendarez’s convictions were
vacated in Galvan, 2019 IL App (1st) 170150 and Almendarez, 2020 IL App (1st) 170028,
necessitating a new trial, we dismiss this appeal for lack of jurisdiction.
¶ 24 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 25 For the foregoing reasons, we dismiss this appeal for lack of jurisdiction.
¶ 26 Appeal dismissed.