2019 IL App (1st) 180729-U
SIXTH DIVISION December 13, 2019
No. 1-18-0729
NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and may not be cited as precedent by any party except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1). ______________________________________________________________________________ IN THE APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS FIRST DISTRICT ______________________________________________________________________________
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from the ) Circuit Court of Plaintiff-Respondent-Appellee, ) Cook County. ) v. ) No. 11 CR 19971 ) ADEKUNLE ADEFEYINTI, ) Honorable ) Kenneth J. Wadas, Defendant-Petitioner-Appellant. ) Judge Presiding.
JUSTICE HARRIS delivered the judgment of the court. Presiding Justice Mikva and Justice Connors concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
¶1 Held: The circuit court’s order denying leave to file a successive petition is reversed, and pursuant to this court’s authority under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 615(b)(4), defendant’s improper extended-term sentences for his Class 3 and Class 4 felony convictions are reduced to the maximum available term for each offense.
¶2 Defendant, Adekunle Adefeyinti, appeals the order of the circuit court granting the State’s
motion to dismiss his post-conviction petition. On appeal, defendant contends that although his
petition was untimely filed, this court should exercise its authority and reduce his improper
extended term sentences to the maximum, non-extended term sentence where his petition stated a No. 1-18-0729
meritorious claim of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel for failing to challenge his unlawful
extended term sentences. For the following reasons, we modify defendant’s improper extended-
term sentences to the maximum available for each offense.
¶3 JURISDICTION
¶4 The trial court dismissed defendant’s post-conviction petition on March 6, 2018. Defendant
filed a notice of appeal on March 6, 2018. Accordingly, this court has jurisdiction pursuant to
Article VI, section 6, of the Illinois Constitution (Ill. Const. 1970, art. VI, §6) and Rule 651(a) (eff.
July 1, 2017), governing appeals from a final judgment in post-conviction proceedings.
¶5 BACKGROUND
¶6 We set forth only those facts necessary to this appeal. A comprehensive recitation of the
facts can be found in this court’s order regarding defendant’s direct appeal, People v. Adefeyinti,
2014 IL App (1st) 123388-U. Defendant was charged with attempted murder, aggravated criminal
sexual abuse, failure to report a motor vehicle accident causing personal injury, aggravated battery,
and leaving the scene of a motor vehicle accident causing personal injury. He was acquitted of the
attempted murder and aggravated criminal sexual abuse charges, but was found guilty of the
remaining charges.
¶7 Based on a prior Class 2 felony conviction, defendant was eligible for extended-term
sentencing. For his conviction of failure to report an accident causing personal injury, a Class 2
felony, the trial court imposed an extended-term sentence of 12 years’ imprisonment, to be served
at 50%. The court also imposed an extended-term sentence of 10 years for aggravated battery
involving great bodily harm, a Class 3 felony, to be served at 85%, and an extended-term sentence
of 6 years for leaving the scene of an accident causing personal injury, a Class 4 felony, all
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sentences to be served concurrently. Defendant filed a direct appeal in which he did not raise any
sentencing claims, and this court affirmed defendant’s convictions and sentences. Id. Defendant’s
petition for leave to appeal to the Illinois Supreme Court was denied on November 26, 2014.
¶8 On October 13, 2016, defendant filed a pro se “petition for leave to file a late petition for
post-conviction relief.” His petition raised various claims, including ineffective assistance of
appellate counsel for “failure to raise viable issues” on direct appeal and ineffective assistance of
trial counsel for failure to “build a defense.” Specifically, defendant alleged that appellate counsel
failed to raise the issue that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to impeach a State’s witness
and for failing to put on a defense when the witness gave two different versions of the incident.
He alleged that appellate counsel was also ineffective for failing to challenge his eligibility for
Class X sentencing, and the double enhancement of his sentences. Defendant also alleged that on
“several occasions, [he] discussed with his appellate counsel both in written [sic] and on the phone
facts and issues, claims which allegedly should have been raised on appeal,” but counsel never
raised those issues. The petition instructed, “[s]ee petitioner and appellate counsel respond and
request letters, attached as EXHIBIT (H).”
¶9 The exhibit included a letter to appellate counsel, dated August 12, 2014, in which
defendant outlined “a list of crucial evidence in which [he] would like to be encased in the pending
appeal.” In the letter, defendant stated that he “was given an extended-term sentence on all
charges,” even though the trial court could only impose an extended-term sentence on the “greater
offense,” citing People v. Bell, 196 Ill. 2d 343 (2001). The petition moved to the second stage and
defendant was assigned counsel. Post-conviction counsel filed a supplemental petition “which
incorporates, and is to be considered in addition to [defendant’s] pro-se pleading.” The
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supplemental petition only alleged that defendant was denied effective assistance of appellate
counsel where counsel failed to challenge the trial court’s consideration of improper aggravating
factors at sentencing.
¶ 10 The State filed a motion to dismiss. In the motion, the State argued that defendant’s petition
was untimely where his petition for leave to appeal to the supreme court was denied on November
26, 2014, and since no writ of certiorari was filed, his post-conviction petition should have been
filed by August 24, 2015. 725 ILCS 5/122-1 (West 2016). Defendant as petitioner bears the burden
of establishing that the delay was not due to his culpable negligence and no explanations were
given for the late filing. The State also argued that defendant’s double enhancement claim, and his
ineffective assistance of counsel claims, were meritless. Specifically, the State noted that trial
counsel cross-examined the witness regarding her testimony and that defendant was entitled to
reasonable, not perfect, representation. The State also argued that defendant was not sentenced as
a Class X offender, but only to extended-term sentences, and that the trial court did not consider
improper factors in aggravation. The motion to dismiss did not address defendant’s contention that
his extended-term sentences for lesser class convictions were improper.
¶ 11 In response, defendant’s post-conviction counsel asked the court to disregard the timeliness
of the petition for reasons of fairness and justice. The response urged the court to consider
defendant’s meritorious claim that his appellate counsel provided ineffective assistance in failing
to challenge the trial court’s consideration of improper factors in aggravation at sentencing,
specifically the testimony of UPS officer Carroll.
¶ 12 The trial court granted the State’s motion to dismiss, stating that it “agree[s] with the State’s
analysis under either angle.” Defendant filed a timely notice of appeal on March 6, 2018. While
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his appeal was pending, the appellate defender filed numerous motions for extensions of time to
file a brief. The last such motion, filed on September 9, 2019, requested another 60-day extension
of time because the office has “a backlog of approximately 1404 unbriefed cases.” Appellate
counsel stated that it “cannot complete Appellant’s brief by the above due date because, in fairness
to all our clients, it is the policy of the Office of the State Appellate Defender to brief the oldest
cases by final judgment date. *** Currently, there are 359 unbriefed cases in this office with
judgment dates prior to defendant’s judgment date.” The motion further stated that “[t]he delay in
the filing of the brief is in no way the fault of Appellant, and Appellant should not be penalized
for the backlog of cases.”
¶ 13 After this last motion to extend time was granted, defendant’s counsel sent an email on
September 16, 2019, asking if the State would agree to a summary disposition of the matter despite
the untimeliness of defendant’s petition, because defendant is currently serving time on an illegal
extended-term sentence. The State’s Attorney responded that he did “appreciate your position,”
but that People v. Castleberry, 2015 IL 116916, “has severely limited the appellate court’s (and
the parties’) ability to remediate procedurally defaulted sentencing claims in collateral
proceedings.” The State did not believe that the appellate court could exercise its authority under
Illinois Supreme Court Rule 615(b) to vacate or modify defendant’s sentence without a valid legal
basis. Instead, an appropriate vehicle for relief is to file either a petition for writ of mandamus
under Rule 381, or defendant should seek supervisory relief.
¶ 14 On September 20, 2019, defendant filed a motion for summary disposition in this court
requesting the same relief. In the motion, defendant argued that although the trial court imposed
extended-term sentencing on all of his convictions, extended-term sentences may be imposed for
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the class of the most serious offense where his convictions did not arise from unrelated courses of
conduct. Therefore, defendant could only be sentenced to an extended-term on the Class 2 felony
of failure to report a motor vehicle accident causing personal injury. He was sentenced to 12 years
on that count, to be served at 50%. He finished serving that sentence on May 29, 2018. His release
date, however, is listed as November 29, 2020, which reflects defendant’s improper extended-term
sentence of 10 years for aggravated battery, a Class 3 felony, to be served at 85%. Therefore,
defendant “has served more time than his entire legal sentence and is currently serving time in
prison beyond his legally authorized sentence.”
¶ 15 The State responded that Castleberry does not allow a reviewing court to remediate a
statutorily nonconforming sentence in perpetuity. It proposed expedited briefing on the case.
Defendant’s reply argued that this court can exercise its authority under Rule 615(b) to reduce his
sentence. This court denied the motion for summary disposition and ordered expedited briefing.
¶ 16 ANALYSIS
¶ 17 The parties do not dispute that defendant is presently serving time pursuant to an extended-
term sentence unauthorized by statute. Where the convicted offenses do not stem from unrelated
courses of conduct, “an extended-term sentence may be imposed only on those offenses within the
most serious class.” People v. Bell, 196 Ill. 2d 343, 355 (2001). The trial court imposed an
extended-term sentence of 12 years’ imprisonment, to be served at 50%, for defendant’s Class 2
felony conviction, the most serious class offense. Defendant finished serving this sentence on May
29, 2018. However, the court also imposed an extended-term sentence of 10 years for his Class 3
felony conviction, to be served at 85%, and an extended-term sentence of 6 years for his Class 4
felony conviction. Defendant is currently serving time pursuant to the unauthorized extended-term
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sentence for his Class 3 felony conviction. A statutorily nonconforming sentence is not void,
however, but “merely voidable and subject to the usual rules of forfeiture or other procedural
restraints.” People v. Price, 2016 IL 118613, ¶17, citing Castleberry, 2015 IL 116916, ¶¶11-18.
¶ 18 The parties do not dispute that defendant’s post-conviction petition was untimely filed
pursuant to section 122-1(c) of the Post-Conviction Hearing Act (725 ILCS 5/122-1(c) (West
2016). This time limit, however, is not an inherent element of the right to bring a post-conviction
petition. People v. Blair, 215 Ill. 2d 427, 439 (2005). Rather, it is “an affirmative defense which
can be raised, waived or forfeited by the State.” Id. Therefore, “[i]f an untimely petition
demonstrates that a defendant suffered a deprivation of constitutional magnitude, a dutiful
prosecutor may waive that procedural defect during the second stage of post-conviction
proceedings.” People v. Boclair, 202 Ill. 2d 89, 101-102 (2002).
¶ 19 Defendant’s pro se petition, including the exhibits, alleged a violation of his constitutional
right to effective assistance of appellate counsel where counsel failed to raise the issue of his
improper extended-term sentences on direct appeal. Unfortunately, this allegation was not clearly
presented in the petition as it was contained in a letter attached as an exhibit. The fact that this
issue was not considered by post-conviction counsel, the State, or the trial court is reflected in the
other filings in the proceedings. The supplemental petition did not explicitly raise the issue, nor
did the State’s motion to dismiss address the issue. In reply to the motion to dismiss, defendant’s
counsel did not raise the issue nor did the trial court make any findings regarding defendant’s
extended-term sentences. Although the State raised the affirmative defense of timeliness, it
acknowledges that “in retrospect, the People may not have asserted a timeliness defense had this
claim been more clearly presented.”
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¶ 20 While the State does not dispute the merit of defendant’s extended-term sentencing claim,
it contends that defendant cannot now remedy a procedurally defaulted sentencing claim in a
collateral appeal, and that defendant’s claim is best resolved by commencing a mandamus action
in our supreme court. We disagree. The reality here is that defendant finished serving his extended-
term sentence on the most serious class offense on May 29, 2018. Although he filed a timely notice
of appeal in this matter on March 6, 2018, while he was still incarcerated on the Class 2 conviction,
the appellate defender filed numerous motions for extensions of time to file a brief through
September 9, 2019, because the office has “a backlog of approximately 1404 unbriefed cases.”
Appellate counsel stated that it “cannot complete Appellant’s brief by the above due date because,
in fairness to all our clients, it is the policy of the Office of the State Appellate Defender to brief
the oldest cases by final judgment date.”
¶ 21 While we appreciate that the appellate defender has an overwhelming caseload, the fact is
if defendant’s allegation had been noticed by the parties during the post-conviction proceedings,
or his brief on appeal had been filed more expeditiously, defendant would not presently be
imprisoned. Mandamus may be the recognized avenue for defendant to obtain relief at this point
in the case. However, we do not see how keeping defendant in prison until the resolution of not-
yet-commenced proceedings, when both parties agree on the merits of his claim, furthers the ends
of justice. This court need not require a “rigid and unreasonable adherence to formalism to the
detriment of fairness.” O’Brien v. Mayer, 281 Ill. App. 3d 832, 839 (1996).
¶ 22 We also do not agree with the State that in light of Castleberry, this court has no authority
under Rule 615(b) to reduce defendant’s improper sentences in this case. In Castleberry, the
defendant was convicted of two counts of aggravated criminal sexual assault based on separate
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acts. Castleberry, 2015 IL 116916, ¶ 3. At sentencing, the State argued that defendant was subject
to a mandatory 15-year enhancement on each of the counts. The trial court disagreed, adding the
15-year mandatory enhancement to only one of the counts for a total term of 33 years’
imprisonment. Id. ¶ 4. Defendant appealed and the appellate court affirmed his convictions. The
court, however, agreed with the State’s argument that the 15-year mandatory enhancement was
required for each of defendant’s two convictions. Id. ¶¶ 5-6. The appellate court concluded that
since defendant’s sentence did not conform to statutory requirements it was void, and the cause
was remanded for resentencing. Id. ¶ 6.
¶ 23 Our supreme court allowed the defendant’s leave to appeal. It determined that the void
sentencing rule was “constitutionally unsound” because a circuit court is a court of general
jurisdiction and does not require a statute for its authority. Id. ¶ 19. Since the State could not appeal
sentencing orders, and it could not rely on the void sentencing rule, the State sought to affirm the
appellate court’s imposition of an increased sentence through the court’s authority under Rule
615(b)(1). Castleberry, 2015 IL 116916, ¶24. Our supreme court found, however, that the authority
granted by Rule 615(b) “is limited to ‘reduc[ing] the punishment imposed by the trial court’ (Ill.
S. Ct. Rule 615(b)(4)), and the rule thus cannot be read as granting a plenary power to the appellate
court to increase criminal sentences.” Id. Castleberry does not support the State’s contention that
this court has no authority to consider defendant’s extended-term sentencing claim raised in this
proceeding where, unlike Castleberry, the void sentencing rule has not been asserted.
¶ 24 Castleberry also does not support the State’s contention that this court has no authority to
reduce defendant’s sentence pursuant to Rule 615(b). In fact, cases decided by our supreme court
indicate otherwise. In People v. Jones, 168 Ill. 2d 367, 374 (1995), the appellate court determined
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that it had to vacate a sentence and remand for imposition of a proper sentence because Rule
615(b)(4) did not authorize a reviewing court to impose a lesser sentence. Our supreme court noted
that although the trial court is in a superior position to make a final disposition and punishment,
the sentence imposed may not always be just and equitable. Id. at 376. The court included a list of
cases where reviewing courts “reaffirmed the principle that Rule 615(b)(4) authorizes a reviewing
court’s modification or reduction of a criminal sentence on appeal. Id. at 376-77. It concluded that
in light of this jurisprudence, “a court of review has the power to reduce a defendant’s sentence on
appeal once it has been determined that the trial court’s sentencing decision was unlawful or an
abuse of discretion.” Id. at 378. Although the authority granted by Rule 615(b) must be exercised
cautiously and sparingly, it “remains an important and valuable tool in the appellate court’s choice
of remedies when reviewing sentences imposed by the circuit court.” Id.
¶ 25 Also, “[t]he authority granted by Rule 615(b) presumes that the issue underlying the
requested relief is properly before the reviewing court.” People v. Young, 2018 IL 122598, ¶28.
Since this court does not possess supervisory authority, it can address claims only if they are raised
in the initial petition. Id. The challenged judgment here is the trial court’s dismissal of defendant’s
post-conviction petition. As set forth above, defendant raised the issue of improper extended-term
sentencing in his pro se post-conviction petition. Where the issue was raised in defendant’s initial
petition, this court may address it in exercising our authority under Rule 615(b). Id.
¶ 26 Since the extended-term sentences for defendant’s Class 3 and Class 4 felony convictions
were improper, we reduce the sentences for both to the maximum available sentence as the record
indicates the trial court intended to impose the maximum sentence for each offense. People v.
Reese, 2017 IL 120011, ¶85 (a reviewing court may, pursuant to Rule 615(b)(4), reduce
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defendant’s improper extended-term sentences to the maximum sentence available for the offense
where the record shows that the trial court intended to impose the maximum term). Accordingly,
defendant’s sentence for his Class 3 conviction, aggravated battery involving great bodily harm,
is reduced from 10 years’ imprisonment to five years (730 ILCS 5/5-8-1(a)(6) (West 2016)), and
his sentence for his Class 4 conviction, leaving the scene of an accident causing personal injury,
is reduced from six years to three years (730 ILCS 5/5-8-1(a)(7) (West 2016)). As stated above,
on May 29, 2018, defendant completed his properly imposed extended-term sentence of 12 years’
imprisonment for his Class 2 conviction, served at 50% or six years. Thus, defendant is presently
incarcerated only on the improperly imposed extended-term sentence of his Class 3 felony
conviction. The trial court’s judgment is otherwise affirmed.
¶ 27 CONCLUSION
¶ 28 For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court is affirmed as modified.
¶ 29 Affirmed as modified.
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