People v. Acosta

180 A.D.2d 505, 580 N.Y.S.2d 927, 1992 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 1612
Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York·Decided February 18, 1992·Published·Cited by 19 cases

Opinion

Judgment, Supreme Court, New York County (Franklin Weissberg, J.), rendered November 9, 1988, convicting defendant, after jury trial, of criminal sale of a controlled substance in the third degree and criminal possession of a controlled substance in the third degree, and sentencing him, as a predicate felon, to concurrent indeterminate terms of 10 to 20 years imprisonment, unanimously modified, as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice, to the extent that the concurrent, indeterminate sentences shall be reduced to 5 to 10 years, and otherwise affirmed.

Defendant’s conviction arises out of a "buy and bust” police operation conducted by a Special Anti-Crack Unit (SACU) team operating out of the 23rd police precinct, on November 2, 1987. Detective Alfred Nieves testified that at 3:50 p.m. defendant sold him two vials of crack cocaine for $20 in prerecorded buy money on the corner of 9th Street and Avenue D in Manhattan. Nieves radioed his backup team about what had transpired, and the defendant was then arrested by Officer Harry Ortiz, who testified that he recovered from the defendant’s pockets 21 vials of crack, and $175, including four prerecorded $5 bills used by Nieves to purchase the crack.

Defendant claimed that he was framed by the police, and in accordance with this theory testified that his arrest in the instant case took place only hours after he had gone to the [506]*50623rd. precinct to recover money, a radio and a beeper seized from him in connection with a previous arrest by a different SAGU team on March 25, 1987, which had resulted in an acquittal. Defendant testified that Detective Louis Torrellas, the arresting officer in the earlier case, questioned him about the property he was trying to recover, and then cursed at him. Fearing that he might be subjected to violence, the defendant testified that he left the precinct without his property, only to be arrested for no reason by the SAGU team of which Detectives Nieves and Officer Ortiz were members.

On appeal the defendant argues, inter alia, that he was denied his rights to a fair trial when the court allowed evidence of the underlying facts of his March 25th arrest, because those facts demonstrated his propensity to sell drugs in violation of the principles set forth in People v Molineux (168 NY 264) and should additionally have been precluded under the doctrine of collateral estoppel, and that admission of his postarrest statement to Detective Torrellas about the March 25th incident, without the prosecution’s having first served a GPL 710.30 notice was error. Defendant also urges that the prosecutor made prejudicial arguments during summation, and that his sentence was excessive. We address these arguments seriatim.

Defense counsel, in his opening statement, revealed to the jury that the defendant had been arrested for the sale of crack by Detective Torrellas and his SAGU team on March 25, 1987, and that the defendant had been found not guilty of those charges. As previously noted, it was defendant’s theory that he was framed on the instant charges in apparent retaliation for his having obtained an acquittal on the earlier case wherein Detective Torrellas, a member of a different SAGU team operating out of the 23rd precinct, had arrested the defendant for selling crack. To support that theory, defense counsel attempted to elicit, on cross examination of Ortiz, the substance of any conversations between Ortiz and Torrellas on November 2, 1987. Ortiz testified that sometime after 5:30 p.m. Torrellas saw the defendant under arrest in the station house, and told Ortiz that he had arrested the defendant before, but that defendant had been acquitted on that case. Similarly, in cross examining Nieves, defense counsel brought out that Torrellas had told Nieves "that he was acquitted on the [March] case and that they had recovered some drugs off him, some money, and they had lost the case.” On redirect by the People, Nieves testified, without objection, that the previous [507]*507case was also a "buy and bust”, and that a "stash” and "buy-money” were recovered.

On rebuttal, Detective Torrellas testified, without objection from the defendant, as follows:

"Q: And did you arrest Joshua Acosta on that day [March 25, 1987]?
"A: Yes I did.
"Q: And briefly, would you describe the circumstances that led up to his arrest.
"A: He was arrested for a buy and bust; he sold drugs to an undercover. I was on the scene, I observed it and when I approached, he ran. When I apprehended, he dropped a brown paper bag with 123 vials inside, and when I searched him, he had some buy-money on him.
"Q: You saw him drop that paper bag?
"A: Yes I did.
"Q: And that buy-money was on his person?
"A: Yes it was.”
Detective Torrellas also testified that he had the following conversation with the defendant in the station house after defendant’s arrest on November 2, 1987: "I looked at him and I said to him, 'Joshua, what happened? It’s only a couple of weeks; why are you back here?’ He shrugged his shoulders and I said to him, 'You have a couple of good friends that would come into court and lie for him,’ and he said, 'A man has to do what he has to do.’ At that point, I extended my hand and said, 'Good luck on your next case.’ ”

With respect to Detective Torrellas’s rebuttal testimony that defendant sold and possessed crack on March 25, 1987, the parties differ as to whether the issue raised thereby was preserved by timely objection. At a pretrial conference, defense counsel requested an in limine ruling that if defendant testified as to his acquittal on the earlier charge, "that the nature of the crime for which he was arrested not be the subject of inquiry by the district attorney.” The court ruled that "if you’re going to put in issue what occurred on that date, then certainly the People should be free to go into all the facts and circumstances of that particular incident.” Defense counsel then clarified his request for a ruling to determine whether the underlying offense of the earlier arrest could be brought out if defendant testified as to the alleged altercation with Detective Torrellas on November 2, 1987, several hours prior to his arrest in the matter then on trial. [508]*508The court responded: "Yes. It seems to me if you’re going to develop the facts and circumstances of that issue, then you’re free to do that but the People are free to develop whatever would normally come out of that.” Defense counsel did not object or argue the point, but merely requested time to advise the defendant of the ramifications of his taking the stand to assert that particular defense. Nor did defense counsel object when Detective Torrellas testified on rebuttal as to his version of the March 25, 1987 arrest. Accordingly, defendant has waived review of this issue on appeal (CPL 470.05 [2]; People v Fleming, 70 NY2d 947; People v Tinning, 142 AD2d 402, 406, lv denied 73 NY2d 1022).

Were we to reach the issue in the interest of justice, we would find no error in the introduction of Detective Torrellas’s testimony under the circumstances presented herein, although the question is both close and troublesome.

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People v. Acosta, 180 A.D.2d 505, 580 N.Y.S.2d 927, 1992 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 1612 (N.Y. Ct. App. 1992).

180 A.D.2d 505 (People v. Acosta) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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