STATE OF MICHIGAN
SUPREME COURT
PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v No. 138577
ALEXANDER ACEVAL, Defendant-Appellant. ____________________________________
Statement of Justice Hathaway Denying Defendant’s Motion to Disqualify
April 22, 2010
HATHAWAY, J. Defendant has brought this motion seeking my recusal on his
motion for rehearing of this Court’s denial of his application for leave to appeal. Because
I do not believe that grounds supporting recusal exist, I deny defendant’s motion.
The relevant underlying facts and proceedings are as follows: Defendant was
charged with delivery of more than 1,000 grams of cocaine and conspiracy to do the
same. The original trial was conducted in Wayne County Circuit Court before Judge
Mary Waterstone. Defendant’s trial resulted in a mistrial because of a hung jury. Defendant’s subsequent retrial was held before Judge Vera Massey Jones. 1 During the
retrial, defendant pled guilty to the charge of possession with intent to deliver more than
1,000 grams of cocaine. The trial judge accepted the plea and imposed the agreed-upon
sentence. Subsequent appeals ensued. The present appeal arises from the Court of
Appeals decision affirming defendant’s guilty plea. 2 Defendant filed an application for
leave to appeal to this Court, and on September 2, 2009, this Court denied defendant’s
application because a majority of participating justices were not persuaded of the need for
further review. 3 Defendant has now filed a motion for rehearing along with this motion
for my disqualification.
Defendant’s motion for disqualification generally asserts that I am actually biased
against him and/or that there is an appearance of impropriety presented by my
participation in this case given the applicable facts and circumstances. Defendant’s
accompanying affidavit ostensibly setting forth the grounds and factual basis for
disqualification is difficult to decipher and almost incoherent. As best as I can determine,
defendant is basing this motion on unsubstantiated assertions and opinions of his counsel
to the effect that there is widespread corruption and/or cronyism throughout the entire
Wayne County Circuit Court and the Wayne County Prosecutor’s Office. However,
defendant fails to set forth any facts that would support these personal opinions. Aside
1 This matter was transferred to Judge Vera Massey Jones as a result of allegations of misconduct by Judge Waterstone. Because the allegations of misconduct are the subject matter of a pending case, I am precluded from addressing any aspect of the allegations in this statement. 2 People v Aceval, 282 Mich App 379 (2009). 3 Justice Corrigan did not participate. The remaining Justices were evenly divided. People v Aceval, order of the Michigan Supreme Court, entered September 25, 2009 (Docket No. 138577). 2 from defendant’s frivolous insult to the integrity of the entire Third Circuit Bench and
Prosecutor’s Office, he has alleged nothing to suggest that I am personally biased or that
there is any appearance of impropriety.
This Court’s newly amended rules for recusal 4 address the standards for actual
bias and appearance of impropriety. Motions for recusal based on these grounds
implicate two provisions within MCR 2.003. 5 These provisions require disqualification
of a judge if there is actual bias or when there are objective and reasonable perceptions of
the appearance of impropriety. The pertinent sections of the rule provide:
(1) Disqualification of a judge is warranted for reasons that include, but are not limited to the following:
(a) The judge is biased or prejudiced for or against a party or attorney.
(b) The judge, based on objective and reasonable perceptions, has either (i) a serious risk of actual bias impacting the due process rights of a party as enunciated in Caperton v A T Massey Coal Co, Inc, 556 US ___; 129 S Ct 2252; 173 L Ed 2d 1208 (2009), or (ii) has failed to adhere to the appearance of impropriety standard set forth in Canon 2 of the Michigan Code of Judicial Conduct. [MCR 2.003(C)(1).]
Thus, the first inquiry is whether I am actually biased against the defendant or his
attorney. I have carefully reviewed this matter and I find that I have had no involvement
in defendant’s case as a trial court judge or as a former member of the Wayne County
Circuit Court bench. I did not have any actual knowledge of defendant during my time
on the Wayne County bench. Further, I am not personally acquainted with defendant, or
counsel for the defendant, and accordingly harbor no bias or prejudice against either of
4 MCR 2.003. 5 MCR 2.003(C)(1)(a) and (b). 3 them. Defendant alleges nothing other than attenuated allegations to support his claim
that I am actually biased and, accordingly, this is not a basis to recuse myself.
The next inquiry is whether there is an appearance of impropriety. This inquiry is
generally twofold: first, whether defendant’s due process rights, as enunciated in
Caperton, would be impaired by my participation in this case, and second, whether there
was an appearance of impropriety as set forth in Canon 2 of the Michigan Code of
Judicial Conduct that would require my recusal. Defendant does not allege that his due
process rights are at stake, so I will not address this facet of the analysis. Defendant
alleges only that there is an appearance of impropriety. The test for determining whether
there is an appearance of impropriety is “whether the conduct would create in reasonable
minds a perception that the judge's ability to carry out judicial responsibilities with
integrity, impartiality and competence is impaired.” Caperton, supra at 2255. I conclude
that defense counsel’s unsubstantiated opinions and allegations do not support my recusal
on this ground.
Defendant essentially alleges that I cannot be impartial in this appeal because I
was a member of the Wayne County bench at the time of his conviction and am
acquainted with the other members of that bench. However, the mere fact that I was a
member of the same trial bench clearly does not support recusal in and of itself. Justices
of the Supreme Court and Judges of the Court of Appeals who have previously served on
a trial bench must routinely review their former colleagues’ decisions and actions.
Circuit Court judges review matters by members of district courts where they formerly
served. There is no appearance of impropriety in doing so and defendant cites no
4 authority to support such a proposition. Defendant has failed to allege any instances of
my personal conduct that would require recusal on this basis.
Defendant’s challenge to my ability to be impartial in this appeal is also based on
the unsupportable and fictitious premise that there is widespread corruption and cronyism
among Wayne County judges and prosecutors. This bold assertion is supported only by
numerous disjointed and bizarre allegations and opinions of his counsel. Defendant also
makes similar allegations against Oakland County government officials, claiming they
are all part of this same pattern or scheme. Yet, Oakland County had nothing to do with
this prosecution or appeal. He further challenges my ability to be impartial based on my
former marriage to Richard Hathaway, (former Wayne County Circuit Judge) currently a
Wayne County prosecutor. However, I have been divorced from Richard Hathaway for
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STATE OF MICHIGAN
SUPREME COURT
PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v No. 138577
ALEXANDER ACEVAL, Defendant-Appellant. ____________________________________
Statement of Justice Hathaway Denying Defendant’s Motion to Disqualify
April 22, 2010
HATHAWAY, J. Defendant has brought this motion seeking my recusal on his
motion for rehearing of this Court’s denial of his application for leave to appeal. Because
I do not believe that grounds supporting recusal exist, I deny defendant’s motion.
The relevant underlying facts and proceedings are as follows: Defendant was
charged with delivery of more than 1,000 grams of cocaine and conspiracy to do the
same. The original trial was conducted in Wayne County Circuit Court before Judge
Mary Waterstone. Defendant’s trial resulted in a mistrial because of a hung jury. Defendant’s subsequent retrial was held before Judge Vera Massey Jones. 1 During the
retrial, defendant pled guilty to the charge of possession with intent to deliver more than
1,000 grams of cocaine. The trial judge accepted the plea and imposed the agreed-upon
sentence. Subsequent appeals ensued. The present appeal arises from the Court of
Appeals decision affirming defendant’s guilty plea. 2 Defendant filed an application for
leave to appeal to this Court, and on September 2, 2009, this Court denied defendant’s
application because a majority of participating justices were not persuaded of the need for
further review. 3 Defendant has now filed a motion for rehearing along with this motion
for my disqualification.
Defendant’s motion for disqualification generally asserts that I am actually biased
against him and/or that there is an appearance of impropriety presented by my
participation in this case given the applicable facts and circumstances. Defendant’s
accompanying affidavit ostensibly setting forth the grounds and factual basis for
disqualification is difficult to decipher and almost incoherent. As best as I can determine,
defendant is basing this motion on unsubstantiated assertions and opinions of his counsel
to the effect that there is widespread corruption and/or cronyism throughout the entire
Wayne County Circuit Court and the Wayne County Prosecutor’s Office. However,
defendant fails to set forth any facts that would support these personal opinions. Aside
1 This matter was transferred to Judge Vera Massey Jones as a result of allegations of misconduct by Judge Waterstone. Because the allegations of misconduct are the subject matter of a pending case, I am precluded from addressing any aspect of the allegations in this statement. 2 People v Aceval, 282 Mich App 379 (2009). 3 Justice Corrigan did not participate. The remaining Justices were evenly divided. People v Aceval, order of the Michigan Supreme Court, entered September 25, 2009 (Docket No. 138577). 2 from defendant’s frivolous insult to the integrity of the entire Third Circuit Bench and
Prosecutor’s Office, he has alleged nothing to suggest that I am personally biased or that
there is any appearance of impropriety.
This Court’s newly amended rules for recusal 4 address the standards for actual
bias and appearance of impropriety. Motions for recusal based on these grounds
implicate two provisions within MCR 2.003. 5 These provisions require disqualification
of a judge if there is actual bias or when there are objective and reasonable perceptions of
the appearance of impropriety. The pertinent sections of the rule provide:
(1) Disqualification of a judge is warranted for reasons that include, but are not limited to the following:
(a) The judge is biased or prejudiced for or against a party or attorney.
(b) The judge, based on objective and reasonable perceptions, has either (i) a serious risk of actual bias impacting the due process rights of a party as enunciated in Caperton v A T Massey Coal Co, Inc, 556 US ___; 129 S Ct 2252; 173 L Ed 2d 1208 (2009), or (ii) has failed to adhere to the appearance of impropriety standard set forth in Canon 2 of the Michigan Code of Judicial Conduct. [MCR 2.003(C)(1).]
Thus, the first inquiry is whether I am actually biased against the defendant or his
attorney. I have carefully reviewed this matter and I find that I have had no involvement
in defendant’s case as a trial court judge or as a former member of the Wayne County
Circuit Court bench. I did not have any actual knowledge of defendant during my time
on the Wayne County bench. Further, I am not personally acquainted with defendant, or
counsel for the defendant, and accordingly harbor no bias or prejudice against either of
4 MCR 2.003. 5 MCR 2.003(C)(1)(a) and (b). 3 them. Defendant alleges nothing other than attenuated allegations to support his claim
that I am actually biased and, accordingly, this is not a basis to recuse myself.
The next inquiry is whether there is an appearance of impropriety. This inquiry is
generally twofold: first, whether defendant’s due process rights, as enunciated in
Caperton, would be impaired by my participation in this case, and second, whether there
was an appearance of impropriety as set forth in Canon 2 of the Michigan Code of
Judicial Conduct that would require my recusal. Defendant does not allege that his due
process rights are at stake, so I will not address this facet of the analysis. Defendant
alleges only that there is an appearance of impropriety. The test for determining whether
there is an appearance of impropriety is “whether the conduct would create in reasonable
minds a perception that the judge's ability to carry out judicial responsibilities with
integrity, impartiality and competence is impaired.” Caperton, supra at 2255. I conclude
that defense counsel’s unsubstantiated opinions and allegations do not support my recusal
on this ground.
Defendant essentially alleges that I cannot be impartial in this appeal because I
was a member of the Wayne County bench at the time of his conviction and am
acquainted with the other members of that bench. However, the mere fact that I was a
member of the same trial bench clearly does not support recusal in and of itself. Justices
of the Supreme Court and Judges of the Court of Appeals who have previously served on
a trial bench must routinely review their former colleagues’ decisions and actions.
Circuit Court judges review matters by members of district courts where they formerly
served. There is no appearance of impropriety in doing so and defendant cites no
4 authority to support such a proposition. Defendant has failed to allege any instances of
my personal conduct that would require recusal on this basis.
Defendant’s challenge to my ability to be impartial in this appeal is also based on
the unsupportable and fictitious premise that there is widespread corruption and cronyism
among Wayne County judges and prosecutors. This bold assertion is supported only by
numerous disjointed and bizarre allegations and opinions of his counsel. Defendant also
makes similar allegations against Oakland County government officials, claiming they
are all part of this same pattern or scheme. Yet, Oakland County had nothing to do with
this prosecution or appeal. He further challenges my ability to be impartial based on my
former marriage to Richard Hathaway, (former Wayne County Circuit Judge) currently a
Wayne County prosecutor. However, I have been divorced from Richard Hathaway for
over fifteen years, we do not share any common financial or business interests, and I do
not harbor any bias or prejudice for or against him. Moreover, I am unaware of what
specific role Richard Hathaway has played in this prosecution, or its relevance to any
issue in this case, and defendant has failed to provide any details in this motion.
Defendant’s motion merely states that we were formerly married. However, the fact that
my former husband, from whom I have been divorced from for over 15 years, is currently
a Chief Assistant Prosecutor for Wayne County has no bearing whatsoever on my
decision in this case. None of these allegations presents an appearance of impropriety
based on objective and reasonable perceptions, and accordingly I find no basis for recusal
5 Defendant has failed to substantiate any basis for my recusal. I have no actual bias
and there is no appearance of impropriety. Therefore, I deny defendant’s motion to
disqualify. 6
6 I do not agree that we are following a different procedure in this case than we did in Pellegrino v Ampco, #137111. We conducted full court de novo review in Pellegrino in response to plaintiff’s motion requesting the same. While plaintiff’s motion for full court review in Pellegrino was filed too early, we chose not to require the plaintiff to refile a motion that was already pending before us because there were no time limitations in the rule at that time. As of March 16, 2010 time limitations were adopted as part of the procedure and we expect litigants to follow the newly amended procedure. 6