People ex rel. Raines v. Biggs

481 N.E.2d 899, 135 Ill. App. 3d 200, 90 Ill. Dec. 99, 1985 Ill. App. LEXIS 2242
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedJuly 17, 1985
DocketNo. 5—84—0203
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 481 N.E.2d 899 (People ex rel. Raines v. Biggs) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People ex rel. Raines v. Biggs, 481 N.E.2d 899, 135 Ill. App. 3d 200, 90 Ill. Dec. 99, 1985 Ill. App. LEXIS 2242 (Ill. Ct. App. 1985).

Opinion

JUSTICE KASSERMAN

delivered the opinion of the court:

Following a bench trial, the circuit court of Madison County found defendant, Daniel Biggs, to be the natural father of the relator’s child. In an order entered March 16, 1984, the circuit court held “that no current support nor payment on maternity expenses shall be ordered at this time as defendant is a full-time student at SIU-E.” The order further provided that the matter could be reset upon request of the parties. Defendant has appealed from that order.

On appeal defendant contends that: (1) the State failed to prove all the facts necessary to support a cause of action under the Paternity Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 40, par. 1351 et seq.), and (2) the circuit court erred in denying defendant a trial by jury. The State has filed a motion to dismiss the appeal on jurisdictional grounds, alleging the lack of a final order. That motion together with defendant’s response were taken with the case. Having now considered that motion, it is denied for the following reasons.

The State correctly asserts that, for purposes of appeal in a paternity action, the final order is the order establishing the father’s support obligation. (Virzint v. Beranek (1980), 85 Ill. App. 3d 919, 407 N.E.2d 701, in which the defendant appealed the finding of paternity entered after a jury trial.) However, as the reviewing court in Virzint observed, the complaint therein contained a request for support and defendant’s notice of appeal was filed before any determination on the matter of support had been made. The appellate court held that since the judgment appealed from disposed of fewer than all the claims involved in the proceeding, it was not a final order and it could not then be appealed. See 87 Ill. 2d R. 304(a)).

In the instant appeal the State urges that because the order of March 16, 1984, provided for no support payments, that order is no different from the order appealed from in Virzint v. Beranek. We do not agree. The flaw in the State’s argument is that it equates a determination that defendant need not now pay support with a situation where no determination is made on the matter of support. Although the March 16, 1984, order does not require defendant to make current support payments, it does determine defendant’s support obligation. The circuit court ordered that defendant was not then obligated to make support payments, apparently because defendant was financially unable to do so as a result of his being a full-time student. Thus, the case at bar is distinguishable from Virzint v. Beranek.

We further note that in allowing the matter of support to be reset by the parties at a later date, the order merely reiterates the trial court’s statutory authority under section 9 of the Paternity Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 40, par. 1359) to retain jurisdiction of the cause in order to make “new or supplementary orders for the support *** of the child as from time to time the court deems necessary.” For the foregoing reasons, the State’s motion to dismiss the instant appeal is denied, and we now address the issues raised by defendant.

Defendant’s first contention is that the State failed to prove all the facts necessary to support a cause of action under the Paternity Act. Specifically, defendant, citing Harrison v. People (1898), 81 Ill. App. 93, contends that the State failed to prove that the child was born out of wedlock because the State did not introduce any evidence of the relator’s marital status. Suffice it to state that the Harrison decision no longer accurately reflects the law of this State. The statute being applied in Harrison was the predecessor to the current Paternity Act. It was subsequently amended in 1919 to give married women the benefit of the law. The Illinois courts have held that after the amendment the State need not allege that the relator in a paternity action was an unmarried woman. (People ex rel. Morton v. Woolen (1944), 322 Ill. App. 182, 183-84, 54 N.E.2d 419, 419-20.) Consequently, the appropriate inquiry in the case at bar is not whether the relator was married but whether the child was born out of wedlock and whether defendant is the natural father of that child. Ill. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 40, par. 1352.

A child born out of wedlock is defined to be á child whose parents were not married to each other at the time of its birth. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 40, par. 1351.) Thus, all that is required to be shown is that the relator and the defendant were not married to each other at the time of the child’s birth. It is in this way that both married and unmarried women are given the benefit of the Paternity Act. (See People ex rel. Cullison v. Dile (1931), 347 Ill. 23, 27, 179 N.E.2d 93, 95; People ex rel. Morton v. Woolen (1944), 322 Ill. App. 182, 183-84, 54 N.E.2d 419, 419-20.) The testimony of both the relator and defendant indicate that, although they were at one time engaged, they were never married. The marital status of the mother affects only her burden of proof, in that, should the mother be married, she must overcome the presumption of legitimacy that thereby attaches. (See People ex rel. Adams v. Mitchell (1980), 89 Ill. App. 3d 1023, 1028, 412 N.E.2d 678, 682.) Moreover, before this presumption attaches, it must first be established that the child was born to the mother while she was lawfully married. Defendant in the instant case has never alleged that relator was married nor denied that she was unmarried. Since the burden of going forward and producing such evidence is upon defendant (see Clark v. Brown (1970), 121 Ill. App. 2d 280, 286, 257 N.E.2d 565, 567-68), defendant has failed to raise the issue of whether the presumption of legitimacy existed. Relator testified that she had not lived with any other man and had not had sexual intercourse with any other man. Defendant made no effort to rebut this testimony. We therefore conclude that the evidence adduced at trial was sufficient to support the trial court’s finding that defendant was proved by a preponderance of the evidence to be the father of a child born out of wedlock.

Defendant’s final contention is that he was denied his right to a trial by jury under the provision of section 6 of the Paternity Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 40, par. 1356). Section 6 provides in pertinent part:

“At the time appointed for appearance and answer, the court shall cause an issue to be made up whether the person charged is the father of the child, which issue, upon demand of either the mother or the accused person, shall be tried by a jury.”

The complaint in the case at bar was filed on October 28, 1982. The return date was set for December 10, 1982. On November 15, 1982, defendant’s counsel filed a formal entry of appearance; and, although there is no report of proceeding of the December 10, 1982, hearing, the common law record indicates that a proceeding of some sort was held on December 10, 1982, that probable cause was found, and that the matter was to be set for trial at a later date. The record does not disclose that defendant filed any answer or other pleadings at that time.

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Bluebook (online)
481 N.E.2d 899, 135 Ill. App. 3d 200, 90 Ill. Dec. 99, 1985 Ill. App. LEXIS 2242, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-ex-rel-raines-v-biggs-illappct-1985.