Peo v. Marquez

• Court: Colorado Court of Appeals
• Decided: November 27, 2024
• Docket: 23CA1775
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

23CA1775 Peo v Marquez 11-27-2024

COLORADO COURT OF APPEALS

Court of Appeals No. 23CA1775 Jefferson County District Court No. 22CR2763 Honorable Lindsay VanGilder, Judge

The People of the State of Colorado,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

v.

Ruben Marquez,

Defendant-Appellant.

JUDGMENT AFFIRMED

Division I Opinion by JUDGE J. JONES Lipinsky and Sullivan, JJ., concur

NOT PUBLISHED PURSUANT TO C.A.R. 35(e) Announced November 27, 2024

Philip J. Weiser, Attorney General, Jessica E. Ross, Assistant Solicitor General, Denver, Colorado, for Plaintiff-Appellee

The Law Office of Mark Burton, P.C., K. Mark Burton, Denver, Colorado, for Defendant-Appellant ¶1 Defendant, Ruben Marquez, appeals the district court’s

judgment of conviction entered pursuant to a plea agreement by

which Marquez agreed to plead guilty to second degree murder,

three counts of vehicular assault, and attempted second degree

assault. He raises one issue on appeal: Did the district court

reversibly err by denying him a continuance of the sentencing

hearing to allow his newly retained attorney to investigate possible

bases for withdrawing his guilty plea based on ineffective assistance

of counsel? We conclude that the district court didn’t abuse its

discretion and therefore affirm.

I. Background

¶2 The People charged Marquez with numerous offenses —

including first degree murder. The charges arose out of a fight

outside a bar. According to the People, Marquez, who was involved

in the fight, got into a pickup truck, left the scene, but made a U-

turn, drove back to the bar, and drove through a crowd of people.

One person was killed and at least four others were injured.

¶3 Following a multi-day preliminary hearing, the court found

probable cause for all seventeen counts. Arraignment on the

1 charges was continued several times. On August 17, 2023, ten

months after the People brought the case, the People and Marquez

entered into a plea agreement. Marquez agreed to plead guilty to

second degree murder, three counts of vehicular assault, and

attempted second degree assault, and stipulated to a thirty-year

prison sentence. He expressly admitted that he was the driver of

the pickup. At the hearing on whether the court would accept the

plea, Marquez said he had read the agreement (which he had

signed) and had discussed it with his attorneys, he was satisfied

with their representation of him, pleading guilty was his voluntary

decision, and he had driven the pickup truck into a crowd, killing

one person and injuring others. The court accepted the plea and

scheduled sentencing for September 15.

¶4 The day before the sentencing hearing, private counsel (K.

Mark Burton) and Marquez’s public defender jointly moved for

substitution of counsel. Though the court hadn’t yet granted that

motion, Burton filed another motion that same day to continue the

sentencing hearing. Burton said he needed time to “investigate

possible relief pursuant to Crim. P. 32(d).” He didn’t elaborate. The

2 court denied the motion to continue sentencing, noting the motion’s

timing, inconvenience to the victims (who were prepared to speak at

the hearing), and the failure to articulate any basis for Marquez to

withdraw his plea under Crim. P. 32(d).

¶5 At the sentencing hearing the next day, both the public

defender and Burton entered their appearances as Marquez’s

counsel. The prosecutor objected to any substitution of counsel

and to continuing the sentencing hearing, and represented that the

victims also objected. Walking through each of the factors specified

in People v. Brown, 2014 CO 25, the prosecutor argued that

Marquez hadn’t shown sufficient reason for a continuance to allow

substitute counsel to investigate grounds for withdrawing the plea.

¶6 Marquez’s public defender responded that, if she were to

continue to represent Marquez, she would need a continuance to

prepare for sentencing because she had stopped preparing when

she had learned Marquez had retained private counsel. Burton

responded that this case was unlike Brown because Marquez hadn’t

requested multiple continuances. He said Marquez was moving to

withdraw his plea, but didn’t say why. Notably, Burton didn’t

3 contest the prosecutor’s statement that he was requesting an

indefinite extension.

¶7 The court asked Burton to explain the possible basis for

withdrawing Marquez’s guilty plea. Burton said the public

defenders had failed to investigate “witnesses who would be very

favorable” in terms of supporting a defense that Marquez was

fleeing an attack and had failed to investigate Marquez’s vision

problems, “which would have been, at the very least, mitigating.”

¶8 Expressly acknowledging the Brown factors, the court denied

the motion to continue, making the following relevant findings:

• At the preliminary hearing, Marquez’s public defenders

had cross-examined witnesses “extensively on the very

issues that Mr. Burton is raising.”

• Marquez’s public defenders had discussed with the court

Marquez’s “diagnosis of blindness and sight deficiencies.”

• There had been “extensive discussion at the time of the

plea and the plea colloquy and [the court’s] inquiry with .

. . Marquez about the factual basis and his desire to

plead guilty.”

4 • A continuance would inconvenience the witnesses and

victims (“many of whom” were present), and the parties.

• Though the case had been pending for over a year, the

motions were filed only the day before sentencing. There

was no explanation for why Marquez had waited several

weeks after he entered his plea to file the motions.

• Denying a continuance wouldn’t materially prejudice

Marquez’s case. Based on the court’s knowledge of the

case and the public defenders’ investigation and cross-

examination of witnesses, “it is difficult to ascertain that

there would be good cause to withdraw [the plea].”

• Marquez could raise in a postconviction motion

ineffective assistance of counsel based on a failure to

investigate.

• The victims needed finality and the ability to “move

forward in their own healing.”

The court concluded that “it cannot find . . . under the [Brown]

[f]actors that Mr. Marquez’s right to [c]ounsel of choice outweighs

the public interest [in] efficiency and integrity of proceeding to

5 [s]entencing” and it “cannot find under [Brown] that legitimate

reasons warrant a delay at this juncture.” With respect to

withdrawal of the plea, the court said Marquez had failed to make

“a record sufficient to make the Court believe that the failure to

investigate is a meritorious [c]laim or that that constitutes a fair

and just reason to withdraw the plea.” The court therefore denied

the oral motion to withdraw the plea.

¶9 Even so, the court continued the sentencing hearing for one

week to allow Marquez’s public defenders — the attorneys whom

Marquez chose to represent him in that proceeding — time to

prepare. (The court heard from a couple of the victims at the

hearing on September 15.) The court sentenced Marquez to thirty

years in the custody of the Department of Corrections — the

sentence to which the parties had stipulated in the plea agreement.

II. Discussion

¶ 10 As noted, the only issue Marquez raises on appeal is whether

the district court violated his Sixth Amendment right to counsel of

choice by denying his request for an indefinite continuance to allow

privately retained counsel to investigate a claim of ineffective

6 assistance of counsel, on which he could base a motion to withdraw

his plea under Crim. P. 32(d).

A. Governing Law and Standard of Review

¶ 11 Because the Sixth Amendment recognizes a criminal

defendant’s right to counsel of his choosing, the defendant’s choice

of counsel is “entitled to great deference” and the court must

“recognize a presumption in favor of a defendant’s choice of retained

counsel.” People v. Gilbert, 2022 CO 23, ¶ 19 (first quoting

Rodriguez v. Dist. Ct., 719 P.2d 699, 705 (Colo. 1986), and then

quoting Ronquillo v. People, 2017 CO 99, ¶ 17). But this right isn’t

absolute. As relevant to this case, when a defendant requests a

continuance to substitute one attorney for another, the court “must

balance the defendant’s Sixth Amendment right to counsel of choice

against the demands of fairness and efficiency.” Brown, ¶ 20. The

court “is only required to grant a continuance if there is a

compelling reason to do so because ‘only an unreasoning and

arbitrary “insistence upon expeditiousness in the face of a

justifiable request for delay” violates the right to the assistance of

7 counsel.’” Id. (emphases added) (quoting Morris v. Slappy, 461 U.S.

1, 11-12 (1983)).

¶ 12 In Brown, the supreme court set forth a nonexhaustive list of

eleven factors the district court should consider, the last of which is

a catchall: “any other case-specific factors necessitating or weighing

against further delay.” Id. at ¶ 24. “[N]o single factor is dispositive

and the weight accorded to each factor will vary depending on the

specific facts at issue in the case.” Id. But “the court must accord

the defendant’s right to counsel of choice significant weight.” Id. at

¶ 21.

¶ 13 “[T]he trial court is undeniably in the best position to

determine whether a continuance is appropriate.” Id. at ¶ 26. So

we review its decision for an abuse of discretion. Id. at ¶ 19; accord

Gilbert, ¶ 18. Thus, we “will reverse only if, based on the totality of

the circumstances, . . . the trial court’s decision ‘was arbitrary or

unreasonable and materially prejudiced the defendant.’” Gilbert,

¶ 18 (citation omitted and quoting Brown, ¶ 19). And when, as in

this case, the court’s findings are on the record, “we will respect the

8 court’s findings of fact so long as the findings are supported by

evidence in the record.” Brown, ¶ 26.

B. Analysis

¶ 14 Marquez’s primary challenge to the district court’s ruling is

that — in his view — the court “gave no weight to [his]

constitutional right to counsel of choice, much less the ‘significant

weight’ or ‘great deference’ the case law demands.” As he sees it,

the court denied a continuance based only on “expeditiousness and

the desire to move the case along to sentencing.” We don’t agree.

¶ 15 The court demonstrated its familiarity with the Brown rubric

and expressly considered a number of the Brown factors that the

court deemed relevant. And it did so — properly — by taking into

account the reason for the requested continuance. Marquez didn’t

request a continuance so his new attorney could prepare for

sentencing; he requested a continuance — and an indefinite one at

that — so his new attorney could investigate a basis for moving to

set aside the guilty plea based on potential ineffective assistance of

counsel.

9 ¶ 16 The court found that moving to set aside the plea on this basis

would likely be futile given (1) that Marquez’s public defenders had

demonstrated their awareness of the issues and witnesses his new

counsel claimed the public defenders had failed to investigate and

(2) Marquez’s admissions to certain of the offenses at the plea

hearing. The court based its conclusion as to the public defenders’

knowledge largely, though not exclusively, on their performance at

the preliminary hearing, at which the court had presided. Marquez

hasn’t provided us with a transcript of that hearing, so we must

presume that it would support the court’s ruling. Till v. People, 581

P.2d 299, 299 (Colo. 1978); People v. Montgomery, 2014 COA 166,

¶ 22. And at the plea hearing, Marquez expressly admitted that he

“drove a truck into a crowd that ultimately hit and killed [a victim],

and injured the other named victims.”1 All this supports the court’s

conclusion that there was no “compelling” or “justifiable” basis,

Brown, ¶ 20, for continuing the sentencing hearing.

1 In the written plea agreement, Marquez also admitted that he had

driven the vehicle, had knowingly caused another’s death, and had recklessly caused serious bodily injury to another. 10 ¶ 17 Marquez, however, takes issue with the court’s findings on a

couple of the Brown factors. He says the court found no prejudice

save for “inconvenience to the witnesses and parties created by

changing sentencing dates.” But that was some prejudice

nonetheless, particularly because, as noted, Marquez wasn’t

seeking a continuance merely to allow his new attorney to prepare

for sentencing. And an indefinite continuance to allow new counsel

to start from scratch risked significant delay given the extent of the

evidence and the complexity of the case — another Brown factor

that the court considered.

¶ 18 In addition, Marquez asserts that he didn’t contribute to the

delay “other than trying to hire counsel of choice after his August

17, 2023, plea hearing.” But the court considered not only that

delay but the delay — approaching a year — leading up to the plea

hearing, much of which was at Marquez’s insistence. Had Marquez

believed his public defenders had failed to sufficiently investigate

11 his witnesses and eyesight problems, he had ample time before the

plea hearing to raise that concern or hire replacement counsel.2

¶ 19 Marquez also argues that the court erred by relying on the fact

that he could file a Crim. P. 35(c) motion challenging his prior

attorneys’ effectiveness. He says the court “ignored the major

differences between the two forms of relief.” More specifically, he

says “[t]he two rules [Crim. P. 32(d) and Crim. P. 35(c)] have very

different standards of review,” with the latter implicating a more

onerous burden. But the Colorado Supreme Court has held that, to

establish a “fair and just reason” to withdraw a plea under Crim. P.

32(d) based on ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must

prove both prongs of the test for ineffective assistance of counsel set

forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 686, 687 (1984), just as

a defendant must do when moving under Crim. P. 35(c). People v.

Madera, 112 P.3d 688, 692 (Colo. 2005); see People v. Figueroa-

Lemus, 2020 CO 59, ¶¶ 15-18; People v. Lopez, 12 P.3d 869, 871-72

2 The preliminary hearing occurred over several days in February

and March of 2023. Despite seeing the prosecution’s evidence and his public defenders’ challenges to that evidence at that time, Marquez didn’t allege a failure to investigate until more than six months later, after he had pleaded guilty. 12 (Colo. App. 2000) (explaining that, “even in the context of a Crim. P.

32(d) motion to withdraw a guilty plea prior to sentencing, a trial

court may decline to appoint new counsel to represent the

defendant if the claim of ineffective assistance is simply conclusory

or is contradicted by the record,” and rejecting the defendant’s

argument that the trial court erred by denying his motion to

withdraw his guilty plea before sentencing without appointing new

counsel because, “having presided over a one-and-one-half day

preliminary hearing, at which [the] defendant was present and at

which the factual basis for the charges against him was

established, the court could properly conclude that there was no

support for defendant’s contention that his attorneys had failed to

apprise him of the facts of the case”).

¶ 20 In sum, we conclude that the district court didn’t abuse its

discretion by denying Marquez’s request to continue the sentencing

hearing.

III. Disposition

¶ 21 The judgment is affirmed.

JUDGE LIPINSKY and JUDGE SULLIVAN concur.