UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
MICHAEL PENNY, : : Plaintiff, : Civil Action No.: 08-1666 (RMU) : v. : Re Document No.: 18 : U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, : : Defendant. :
MEMORANDUM OPINION
GRANTING THE DEFENDANT’S RENEWED MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
I. INTRODUCTION
In this civil action brought pro se under the Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”), 5
U.S.C. § 552, the plaintiff challenges the Drug Enforcement Administration’s (“DEA”) response
to his requests for records pertaining to himself, other individuals and certain real property. In a
prior memorandum opinion, the court dismissed the plaintiff’s claims predicated on his requests
for third-party records, but denied without prejudice the defendant’s motion for summary
judgment on the plaintiff’s requests for all other records, concluding that the defendant had not
provided an affidavit from a witness competent to testify about the adequacy of those search
efforts. The defendant now renews its motion for summary judgment as to its search for non-
third party records. Upon consideration of the parties’ supplemental submissions, the court
grants the defendant’s renewed motion.
II. FACTUAL & PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
In September 2006, the plaintiff requested DEA records pertaining to himself, a search
warrant issued against him in August 1990, DEA agents who executed the search warrant and a retired case agent who allegedly made a statement about the plaintiff.1 Def.’s Renewed Mot. for
Summ. J. at 1-2. The plaintiff initiated this civil action on September 30, 2008. See generally
Compl.
On September 21, 2009, the court granted in part and denied in part without prejudice the
defendant’s motion to dismiss or, in the alternative, for summary judgment. See generally Mem.
Op. (Sept. 21, 2009). The court dismissed the plaintiff’s claims predicated on his requests for
third-party records because the plaintiff had failed to exhaust his administrative remedies. See
id. at 3-4. The court, however, denied the defendant’s motion for summary judgment on the
plaintiff’s remaining claims, concluding that the defendant had failed to offer testimony from a
witness with personal knowledge of the defendant’s search efforts. See id. at 7-8.
On October 5, 2009, the defendant filed this renewed motion for summary judgment, in
which it attempts to remedy the deficiency identified in its prior motion. See generally Def.’s
Renewed Mot. for Summ. J. The plaintiff filed his opposition on November 23, 2009, see
generally Pl.’s Opp’n, and the motion is now ripe for adjudication.
III. ANALYSIS
A. Legal Standard for a Motion for Summary Judgment
Summary judgment is appropriate when “the pleadings, the discovery and disclosure
materials on file, and any affidavits show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact
and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” FED. R. CIV. P. 56(c); Celotex
Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986); Diamond v. Atwood, 43 F.3d 1538, 1540 (D.C. Cir.
1 A more detailed factual history of this case may be found in this court’s prior memorandum opinion. See Mem. Op. (Sept. 21, 2009) at 2.
2 1995). In deciding whether there is a genuine issue of material fact, the court is to view the
record in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion, giving the non-movant the
benefit of all favorable inferences that can reasonably be drawn from the record and the benefit
of any doubt as to the existence of any genuine issue of material fact. Adickes v. S.H. Kress &
Co., 398 U.S. 144, 157-59 (1970). To determine which facts are “material,” a court must look to
the substantive law on which each claim rests. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242,
248 (1986). A “genuine issue” is one whose resolution could establish an element of a claim or
defense and, therefore, affect the outcome of the action. Celotex, 477 U.S. at 322; Anderson, 477
U.S. at 248.
The FOIA mandates full public disclosure of agency records unless the requested records
“fall squarely” within one or more of the nine statutory exemptions. Wash. Post Co. v. U.S.
Dep’t of Agric., 943 F. Supp. 31, 33 (D.D.C. 1996) (quoting Burka v. U.S. Dep’t of Health &
Human Servs., 87 F.3d 508, 515 (D.C. Cir. 1996)). The court may award summary judgment
solely on the information provided in affidavits or declarations that describe “the justifications
for nondisclosure with reasonably specific detail . . . and are not controverted by either contrary
evidence in the record nor by evidence of agency bad faith.” Military Audit Project v. Casey,
656 F.2d 724, 738 (D.C. Cir. 1981); see also Vaughn v. Rosen, 484 F.2d 820, 826 (D.C. Cir.
1973), cert. denied, 415 U.S. 977 (1974).
When responsive records are not located, an agency is entitled to summary judgment if it
establishes “beyond material doubt [] that it conducted a search reasonably calculated to uncover
all relevant documents.” Weisberg v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 705 F.2d 1344, 1351 (D.C. Cir.
1983). For purposes of this showing, the agency “may rely upon affidavits . . . , as long as they
3 are relatively detailed and nonconclusory and . . . submitted in good faith.” Id. (citations and
quotations omitted). The required level of detail “set[s] forth the search terms and the type of
search performed, and aver[s] that all files likely to contain responsive materials (if such records
exist) were searched.” Oglesby v. Dep’t of the Army, 920 F.2d 57, 68 (D.C. Cir. 1990); accord
Valencia-Lucena v. U.S. Coast Guard, 180 F.3d 321, 326 (D.C. Cir. 1999). “If the requester
produces countervailing evidence placing the sufficiency of the identification or retrieval
procedures genuinely in issue, summary judgment is inappropriate.” Spannaus v. Cent.
Intelligence Agency, 841 F. Supp. 14, 16 (D.D.C. 1993) (citing Church of Scientology v. Nat’l
Sec. Agency, 610 F.2d 824, 836 (D.C. Cir. 1979)). In determining the adequacy of a FOIA
search, the court is guided by principles of reasonableness. See Campbell v. U.S. Dep’t of
Justice, 164 F.3d 20, 28 (D.C. Cir. 1998). An agency is required to produce only those records
in its custody and control at the time of the FOIA request. McGehee v. Cent. Intelligence
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
MICHAEL PENNY, : : Plaintiff, : Civil Action No.: 08-1666 (RMU) : v. : Re Document No.: 18 : U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, : : Defendant. :
MEMORANDUM OPINION
GRANTING THE DEFENDANT’S RENEWED MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
I. INTRODUCTION
In this civil action brought pro se under the Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”), 5
U.S.C. § 552, the plaintiff challenges the Drug Enforcement Administration’s (“DEA”) response
to his requests for records pertaining to himself, other individuals and certain real property. In a
prior memorandum opinion, the court dismissed the plaintiff’s claims predicated on his requests
for third-party records, but denied without prejudice the defendant’s motion for summary
judgment on the plaintiff’s requests for all other records, concluding that the defendant had not
provided an affidavit from a witness competent to testify about the adequacy of those search
efforts. The defendant now renews its motion for summary judgment as to its search for non-
third party records. Upon consideration of the parties’ supplemental submissions, the court
grants the defendant’s renewed motion.
II. FACTUAL & PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
In September 2006, the plaintiff requested DEA records pertaining to himself, a search
warrant issued against him in August 1990, DEA agents who executed the search warrant and a retired case agent who allegedly made a statement about the plaintiff.1 Def.’s Renewed Mot. for
Summ. J. at 1-2. The plaintiff initiated this civil action on September 30, 2008. See generally
Compl.
On September 21, 2009, the court granted in part and denied in part without prejudice the
defendant’s motion to dismiss or, in the alternative, for summary judgment. See generally Mem.
Op. (Sept. 21, 2009). The court dismissed the plaintiff’s claims predicated on his requests for
third-party records because the plaintiff had failed to exhaust his administrative remedies. See
id. at 3-4. The court, however, denied the defendant’s motion for summary judgment on the
plaintiff’s remaining claims, concluding that the defendant had failed to offer testimony from a
witness with personal knowledge of the defendant’s search efforts. See id. at 7-8.
On October 5, 2009, the defendant filed this renewed motion for summary judgment, in
which it attempts to remedy the deficiency identified in its prior motion. See generally Def.’s
Renewed Mot. for Summ. J. The plaintiff filed his opposition on November 23, 2009, see
generally Pl.’s Opp’n, and the motion is now ripe for adjudication.
III. ANALYSIS
A. Legal Standard for a Motion for Summary Judgment
Summary judgment is appropriate when “the pleadings, the discovery and disclosure
materials on file, and any affidavits show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact
and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” FED. R. CIV. P. 56(c); Celotex
Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986); Diamond v. Atwood, 43 F.3d 1538, 1540 (D.C. Cir.
1 A more detailed factual history of this case may be found in this court’s prior memorandum opinion. See Mem. Op. (Sept. 21, 2009) at 2.
2 1995). In deciding whether there is a genuine issue of material fact, the court is to view the
record in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion, giving the non-movant the
benefit of all favorable inferences that can reasonably be drawn from the record and the benefit
of any doubt as to the existence of any genuine issue of material fact. Adickes v. S.H. Kress &
Co., 398 U.S. 144, 157-59 (1970). To determine which facts are “material,” a court must look to
the substantive law on which each claim rests. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242,
248 (1986). A “genuine issue” is one whose resolution could establish an element of a claim or
defense and, therefore, affect the outcome of the action. Celotex, 477 U.S. at 322; Anderson, 477
U.S. at 248.
The FOIA mandates full public disclosure of agency records unless the requested records
“fall squarely” within one or more of the nine statutory exemptions. Wash. Post Co. v. U.S.
Dep’t of Agric., 943 F. Supp. 31, 33 (D.D.C. 1996) (quoting Burka v. U.S. Dep’t of Health &
Human Servs., 87 F.3d 508, 515 (D.C. Cir. 1996)). The court may award summary judgment
solely on the information provided in affidavits or declarations that describe “the justifications
for nondisclosure with reasonably specific detail . . . and are not controverted by either contrary
evidence in the record nor by evidence of agency bad faith.” Military Audit Project v. Casey,
656 F.2d 724, 738 (D.C. Cir. 1981); see also Vaughn v. Rosen, 484 F.2d 820, 826 (D.C. Cir.
1973), cert. denied, 415 U.S. 977 (1974).
When responsive records are not located, an agency is entitled to summary judgment if it
establishes “beyond material doubt [] that it conducted a search reasonably calculated to uncover
all relevant documents.” Weisberg v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 705 F.2d 1344, 1351 (D.C. Cir.
1983). For purposes of this showing, the agency “may rely upon affidavits . . . , as long as they
3 are relatively detailed and nonconclusory and . . . submitted in good faith.” Id. (citations and
quotations omitted). The required level of detail “set[s] forth the search terms and the type of
search performed, and aver[s] that all files likely to contain responsive materials (if such records
exist) were searched.” Oglesby v. Dep’t of the Army, 920 F.2d 57, 68 (D.C. Cir. 1990); accord
Valencia-Lucena v. U.S. Coast Guard, 180 F.3d 321, 326 (D.C. Cir. 1999). “If the requester
produces countervailing evidence placing the sufficiency of the identification or retrieval
procedures genuinely in issue, summary judgment is inappropriate.” Spannaus v. Cent.
Intelligence Agency, 841 F. Supp. 14, 16 (D.D.C. 1993) (citing Church of Scientology v. Nat’l
Sec. Agency, 610 F.2d 824, 836 (D.C. Cir. 1979)). In determining the adequacy of a FOIA
search, the court is guided by principles of reasonableness. See Campbell v. U.S. Dep’t of
Justice, 164 F.3d 20, 28 (D.C. Cir. 1998). An agency is required to produce only those records
in its custody and control at the time of the FOIA request. McGehee v. Cent. Intelligence
Agency, 697 F.2d 1095, 1110 (D.C. Cir. 1983).
B. The Defendant Conducted an Adequate Search for Responsive Records
In its initial dispositive motion, the defendant sought to demonstrate the adequacy of its
search by relying on the affidavit of Leila Wassom, a DEA Paralegal Specialist who had
reviewed the records maintained by the DEA Freedom of Information Operations Unit. See
generally Def.’s Mot. to Dismiss or, in the Alternative, for Summ. J., Decl. of Leila I. Wassom
(“Wassom Decl.”). The court concluded that Wassom’s declaration was insufficient to establish
the adequacy of the search. Mem. Op. (Sept. 21, 2005) at 7-8. Specifically, the court determined
that although Wassom’s review of the DEA’s records qualified her to testify about the
procedures employed in processing the plaintiff’s request, Wassom had neither attested to having
4 personal knowledge about the search conducted nor stated that she had relied on information
provided to her by individuals who actually performed the search. Id. at 7-8; see also FED. R.
CIV. P. 56(e)(1) (providing that “[a] supporting or opposing affidavit must be made on personal
knowledge, set out facts that would be admissible in evidence, and show that the affiant is
competent to testify on the matters stated”); Barnard v. Dep’t of Homeland Sec., 531 F. Supp. 2d
131, 138 (D.D.C. 2008) (explaining that “[a] declarant in a FOIA case satisfies the personal
knowledge requirement in Rule 56(e) if in [her] declaration, [she] attests to [her] personal
knowledge of the procedures used in handling [a FOIA ] request and [her] familiarity with the
documents in question”) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted).
In support of its renewed motion, the defendant proffers a supplemental declaration from
Wassom, in which she clarifies that “[her] previous declaration was based on information
provided to [her] by the [DEA Freedom of Information Operations Unit] SARO specialist who
performed the search” and states that “[she] also performed a second search to ensure adequacy.”
Def.’s Renewed Mot. for Summ. J., Supplemental Decl. of Leila I. Wassom (“Supplemental
Wassom Decl.”) ¶ 6. Wassom further identifies the DEA Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs
Information System Index (“NADDIS”) as the database most likely to contain records responsive
to the plaintiff’s request. See id. ¶¶ 7-9. Wassom describes searches of NADDIS that were
performed on January 30, 2007, May 7, 2007 and May 30, 2007 by a SARO specialist, utilizing
“the plaintiff’s name, the three Social Security Numbers [he provided], the plaintiff’s date of
birth, and the address provided by the plaintiff: 4901 W. Congress, Chicago, Illinois 60654.”2
Id. ¶ 10. In addition, Wasson describes the search of NADDIS she performed on September 28,
2 “Individuals are indexed and identified in NADDIS by their name, [s]ocial [s]ecurity [n]umber, and/or date of birth.” Supplemental Wassom Decl. ¶ 9. 5 2009, utilizing the same terms. Id. ¶ 11. Wassom states that none of the searches yielded
records responsive to the plaintiff’s requests. Id. ¶¶ 10, 11.
In his opposition, the plaintiff purports to challenge the adequacy of the defendant’s
search efforts. See generally Pl.’s Opp’n. The plaintiff, however, has failed to raise any specific
evidence calling into question the reasonableness of the defendant’s search efforts as set forth in
Wassom’s initial and supplemental declarations. See generally id. Thus, based upon Wassom’s
representations detailing the defendant’s search for responsive records, the court concludes that
the defendant has demonstrated that it performed an adequate search for responsive records and,
as a result, grants the defendant’s renewed motion for summary judgment.
IV. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the court grants the defendant’s renewed motion for summary
judgment. An Order consistent with this Memorandum Opinion is separately and
contemporaneously issued this 19th day of May, 2010.
RICARDO M. URBINA United States District Judge