COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Elder, Felton and Senior Judge Willis
PENNY LEE STANLEY MEMORANDUM OPINION * v. Record No. 0039-03-3 PER CURIAM JUNE 3, 2003 AMHERST COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF AMHERST COUNTY J. Michael Gamble, Judge
(Herbert E. Taylor, III; John Randolph Nelson, on brief), for appellant.
(J. Thompson Shrader; Jennifer R. Tuggle; J. Thompson Shrader & Associates, P.C., on brief), for appellee.
(Wanda Phillips Yoder, on briefs), Guardian ad litem for Wilson Andrew Holley, Kelly Roseanne Brown and Kenny Ray Brown, Jr.
(Patricia McAdams Gibbons, on brief), Guardian ad litem for Angela Marie Brown and Jessica Carroll Brown.
Penny Lee Stanley (mother) appeals a decision of the trial
court terminating her parental rights to her children, Jessica
Carroll Brown, Kelly Roseanne Brown, Kenny Ray Brown, Jr.,
Angela Marie Brown, and Wilson Andrew Holley, pursuant to Code
§ 16.1-283(C)(2). On appeal, mother contends (1) the evidence
is insufficient to support the termination of her parental
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. rights under that section, and (2) the trial court erred by
finding the termination was in the children's best interests.
We find this appeal to be without merit. Accordingly, we
summarily affirm the decision of the trial court. See Rule 5A:27.
BACKGROUND
We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the
prevailing party below and grant to it all reasonable inferences
fairly deducible therefrom. See Logan v. Fairfax County Dep't
of Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 462 (1991).
So viewed, the evidence established the Lynchburg Department of
Social Services (Lynchburg DSS) received a child protective
services complaint on July 12, 1999, when Wilson, then
twenty-one months old, was found trying to cross a busy street
unattended. A subsequent investigation revealed mother's other
children, then aged twelve, ten, nine, and seven were also
unsupervised at mother's residence, approximately one block from
where Wilson was found.
On June 17, 1999, Lynchburg DSS had received an earlier
complaint regarding the neglect of all five children and, the
next day, mother signed a protection plan with Lynchburg DSS
agreeing to provide proper supervision of the children.
On August 14, 1999, mother was charged with two counts of
felony child neglect following another complaint of inadequate
supervision of the five children. Two of the children had also
been caught shoplifting at a local department store. Lynchburg - 2 - DSS removed the children and placed them with relatives. In
September 1999, mother moved to Amherst County and the
children's cases were transferred from Lynchburg to the Amherst
County Department of Social Services (Amherst DSS). Mother was
required to undergo psychological and drug evaluations, to
attend and complete parenting and grief counseling, and to
utilize offered in-home assistance services.
Due to conflicts between mother and her children's
caretakers, Kenny and Kelly were placed in foster care with the
Smith family in November 1999. Later that month mother was
convicted of two counts of contributing to the delinquency of a
minor and was jailed until February 15, 2000. From February 16,
2000 through February 29, 2000, mother had sporadic telephone
visits with Kenny and Kelly. On March 11, 2000, the children
had an overnight visit with mother but reported that Joe
Hartless was present, a violation of the conditions imposed by
the court and DSS. On March 16, 2000, a court-appointed special
advocate (CASA) worker discovered Angela and Jessica home alone
at mother's residence. Angela became ill the next day, and
mother was instructed to remain with the child, but she left the
residence after only two hours. Angela's condition worsened,
and Amherst DSS was unable to contact mother.
Mother did not register for parenting classes until May 25,
2000 and only attended six out of the twelve weeks of the
program. Jessica and Angela were allowed back into mother's - 3 - home in October 2000. Social worker Rick Groff testified he
informed mother the children would be removed from her custody
if she could not provide stable housing, suitable supervision,
and perform her other responsibilities.
Mother advised Groff in December 2000 that she had obtained
a new job caring for an elderly woman. However, mother
repeatedly used an unapproved and inappropriate daycare
provider, despite numerous warnings from Amherst DSS. By late
December, mother had fallen far behind in her house payments and
was in danger of losing her residence. The children were
removed from her care, and mother continued to have supervised
visits.
On November 15, 2001, mother was convicted for three felony
forgery charges and three felony uttering charges stemming from
events occurring between April 16, 2001 and April 27, 2001.
Mother had stolen checks from the woman she had been caring for,
forged them, and used the proceeds to purchase cocaine. She was
convicted of similar charges in a different jurisdiction on May
1, 2001. Mother tested positive for cocaine that day and was
remanded to jail. She was released from prison on September 11,
2002.
Amy French, a licensed clinical social worker, counseled
Kenny, Kelly and Jessica. She worked with the children for
approximately nine months and recommended that they not be
returned to mother's custody. Gary Smith, the children's foster - 4 - father, testified the children were thriving in his care. Their
school work had improved, and they had become involved in
athletic and volunteer activities.
ANALYSIS
I.
Mother contends the order terminating her parental rights
is unsupported by the clear and convincing evidence required by
Code § 16.1-283(C)(2).
"Code § 16.1-283 embodies the statutory scheme for the
termination of residual parental rights in this Commonwealth."
Lecky v. Reed, 20 Va. App. 306, 311, 456 S.E.2d 538, 540 (1995).
Subsection (C)(2) requires proof, by clear and convincing
evidence, (1) that the termination is in the best interests of
the child, (2) that "reasonable and appropriate" services have
been offered to help the parent "substantially remedy the
conditions which led to or required continuation of the child's
foster care placement," and (3) that, despite those services,
the parent has failed, "without good cause," to remedy those
conditions. Clear and convincing evidence is "'that measure or
degree of proof which will produce in the mind of the trier of
facts a firm belief or conviction as to the allegations sought
to be established.'" Martin v. Pittsylvania County Dep't of
Soc. Servs., 3 Va. App. 15, 21, 348 S.E.2d 13, 16 (1986)
(quoting Gifford v. Dennis, 230 Va. 193, 198 n.1, 353 S.E.2d
371, 373 n.1 (1985)).
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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Elder, Felton and Senior Judge Willis
PENNY LEE STANLEY MEMORANDUM OPINION * v. Record No. 0039-03-3 PER CURIAM JUNE 3, 2003 AMHERST COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF AMHERST COUNTY J. Michael Gamble, Judge
(Herbert E. Taylor, III; John Randolph Nelson, on brief), for appellant.
(J. Thompson Shrader; Jennifer R. Tuggle; J. Thompson Shrader & Associates, P.C., on brief), for appellee.
(Wanda Phillips Yoder, on briefs), Guardian ad litem for Wilson Andrew Holley, Kelly Roseanne Brown and Kenny Ray Brown, Jr.
(Patricia McAdams Gibbons, on brief), Guardian ad litem for Angela Marie Brown and Jessica Carroll Brown.
Penny Lee Stanley (mother) appeals a decision of the trial
court terminating her parental rights to her children, Jessica
Carroll Brown, Kelly Roseanne Brown, Kenny Ray Brown, Jr.,
Angela Marie Brown, and Wilson Andrew Holley, pursuant to Code
§ 16.1-283(C)(2). On appeal, mother contends (1) the evidence
is insufficient to support the termination of her parental
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. rights under that section, and (2) the trial court erred by
finding the termination was in the children's best interests.
We find this appeal to be without merit. Accordingly, we
summarily affirm the decision of the trial court. See Rule 5A:27.
BACKGROUND
We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the
prevailing party below and grant to it all reasonable inferences
fairly deducible therefrom. See Logan v. Fairfax County Dep't
of Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 462 (1991).
So viewed, the evidence established the Lynchburg Department of
Social Services (Lynchburg DSS) received a child protective
services complaint on July 12, 1999, when Wilson, then
twenty-one months old, was found trying to cross a busy street
unattended. A subsequent investigation revealed mother's other
children, then aged twelve, ten, nine, and seven were also
unsupervised at mother's residence, approximately one block from
where Wilson was found.
On June 17, 1999, Lynchburg DSS had received an earlier
complaint regarding the neglect of all five children and, the
next day, mother signed a protection plan with Lynchburg DSS
agreeing to provide proper supervision of the children.
On August 14, 1999, mother was charged with two counts of
felony child neglect following another complaint of inadequate
supervision of the five children. Two of the children had also
been caught shoplifting at a local department store. Lynchburg - 2 - DSS removed the children and placed them with relatives. In
September 1999, mother moved to Amherst County and the
children's cases were transferred from Lynchburg to the Amherst
County Department of Social Services (Amherst DSS). Mother was
required to undergo psychological and drug evaluations, to
attend and complete parenting and grief counseling, and to
utilize offered in-home assistance services.
Due to conflicts between mother and her children's
caretakers, Kenny and Kelly were placed in foster care with the
Smith family in November 1999. Later that month mother was
convicted of two counts of contributing to the delinquency of a
minor and was jailed until February 15, 2000. From February 16,
2000 through February 29, 2000, mother had sporadic telephone
visits with Kenny and Kelly. On March 11, 2000, the children
had an overnight visit with mother but reported that Joe
Hartless was present, a violation of the conditions imposed by
the court and DSS. On March 16, 2000, a court-appointed special
advocate (CASA) worker discovered Angela and Jessica home alone
at mother's residence. Angela became ill the next day, and
mother was instructed to remain with the child, but she left the
residence after only two hours. Angela's condition worsened,
and Amherst DSS was unable to contact mother.
Mother did not register for parenting classes until May 25,
2000 and only attended six out of the twelve weeks of the
program. Jessica and Angela were allowed back into mother's - 3 - home in October 2000. Social worker Rick Groff testified he
informed mother the children would be removed from her custody
if she could not provide stable housing, suitable supervision,
and perform her other responsibilities.
Mother advised Groff in December 2000 that she had obtained
a new job caring for an elderly woman. However, mother
repeatedly used an unapproved and inappropriate daycare
provider, despite numerous warnings from Amherst DSS. By late
December, mother had fallen far behind in her house payments and
was in danger of losing her residence. The children were
removed from her care, and mother continued to have supervised
visits.
On November 15, 2001, mother was convicted for three felony
forgery charges and three felony uttering charges stemming from
events occurring between April 16, 2001 and April 27, 2001.
Mother had stolen checks from the woman she had been caring for,
forged them, and used the proceeds to purchase cocaine. She was
convicted of similar charges in a different jurisdiction on May
1, 2001. Mother tested positive for cocaine that day and was
remanded to jail. She was released from prison on September 11,
2002.
Amy French, a licensed clinical social worker, counseled
Kenny, Kelly and Jessica. She worked with the children for
approximately nine months and recommended that they not be
returned to mother's custody. Gary Smith, the children's foster - 4 - father, testified the children were thriving in his care. Their
school work had improved, and they had become involved in
athletic and volunteer activities.
ANALYSIS
I.
Mother contends the order terminating her parental rights
is unsupported by the clear and convincing evidence required by
Code § 16.1-283(C)(2).
"Code § 16.1-283 embodies the statutory scheme for the
termination of residual parental rights in this Commonwealth."
Lecky v. Reed, 20 Va. App. 306, 311, 456 S.E.2d 538, 540 (1995).
Subsection (C)(2) requires proof, by clear and convincing
evidence, (1) that the termination is in the best interests of
the child, (2) that "reasonable and appropriate" services have
been offered to help the parent "substantially remedy the
conditions which led to or required continuation of the child's
foster care placement," and (3) that, despite those services,
the parent has failed, "without good cause," to remedy those
conditions. Clear and convincing evidence is "'that measure or
degree of proof which will produce in the mind of the trier of
facts a firm belief or conviction as to the allegations sought
to be established.'" Martin v. Pittsylvania County Dep't of
Soc. Servs., 3 Va. App. 15, 21, 348 S.E.2d 13, 16 (1986)
(quoting Gifford v. Dennis, 230 Va. 193, 198 n.1, 353 S.E.2d
371, 373 n.1 (1985)). - 5 - Specifically, mother contends the evidence does not support
the court's finding that Lynchburg DSS and Amherst DSS offered
her reasonable and appropriate services to remedy the conditions
which led to the placement of her children in the custody of
social services.
"'Reasonable and appropriate' efforts can only be judged
with reference to the circumstances of a particular case. Thus,
a court must determine what constitutes reasonable and
appropriate efforts given the facts before the court." Ferguson
v. Stafford Dep't of Social Services, 14 Va. App. 333, 338, 417
S.E.2d 1, 4 (1992). "The Department is not required 'to force
its services upon an unwilling or disinterested parent.'"
Logan, 13 Va. App. at 130, 409 S.E.2d at 463-64 (citation
omitted).
Over a period of three years, Lynchburg DSS and Amherst DSS
offered mother an array of services and advice. DSS offered
parent/child nurturing classes, substance abuse evaluations,
counseling, and in-home assistance services. The DSS offices
provided mother with lists of approved daycare providers. They
referred mother to a substance abuse treatment program, which
she completed in December 2000. After mother's incarceration
for the forgery charges, they again advised her to enter a
substance abuse program. Groff informed mother that if she
encountered any difficulties securing or accessing recommended
services, she should contact Amherst DSS and it could intervene - 6 - with funding, transportation, or other assistance. Groff
testified that he provided mother with specific referrals over
the course of two years and that he never received information
from her that she had any difficulty accessing offered services.
Groff instructed mother how to apply for Medicaid, food stamps,
and other programs.
Clear and convincing evidence supports the trial court's
conclusion that Amherst DSS provided mother with a wide array of
reasonable and appropriate services.
II.
"In matters of a child's welfare, trial courts are vested
with broad discretion in making the decisions necessary to guard
and to foster a child's best interests." Farley v. Farley, 9
Va. App. 326, 328, 387 S.E.2d 794, 795 (1990). On appeal, we
presume that the trial court "thoroughly weighed all the
evidence, considered the statutory requirements, and made its
determination based on the child's best interests." Id. at 329,
387 S.E.2d at 796. Furthermore, "[w]here, as here, the trial
court heard the evidence ore tenus, its finding is entitled to
great weight and will not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly
wrong or without evidence to support it." Martin, 3 Va. App. at
20, 348 S.E.2d at 16.
In determining what is in the best interests of the child, a court must evaluate and consider many factors, including the age and physical and mental condition of the child or children; the age - 7 - and physical and mental condition of the parents; the relationship existing between each parent and each child; the needs of the child or children; the role which each parent has played, and will play in the future, in the upbringing and care of the child or children; and such other factors as are necessary in determining the best interests of the child or children.
Barkey v. Commonwealth, 2 Va. App. 662, 668, 347 S.E.2d 188, 191
(1986). Mother repeatedly failed to remedy the situation which
led to the foster care placement of her children. Mother could
not or would not adequately supervise and protect her children
and continually left the children with no caretaker or an
inappropriate one. Mother has struggled unsuccessfully with
drug addiction and spent significant time in jail and
unavailable to her children. French recommended the children
not be returned to their mother as they are thriving in the
stability they have found in foster care. Smith similarly
explained the children have improved during the time they have
lived with his family.
"It is clearly not in the best interests of a child to
spend a lengthy period of time waiting to find out when, or even
if, a parent will be capable of resuming his [or her]
responsibilities." Kaywood v. Dep't of Soc. Servs., 10 Va. App.
535, 540, 394 S.E.2d 492, 495 (1990). Thus far, mother has been
unable to resume her parental responsibilities. The trial
court's determination that it was in the children's best
- 8 - interests to terminate mother's residual parental rights is not
plainly wrong.
Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial
court. See Rule 5A:27.
Affirmed.
- 9 -