Mr. Justice Boggs
delivered the opinion of the court:
On the 8th day of February, 1892, — now more than ten ye,ars ago, — the appellee was run upon and struck by an engine which was drawing one of appellant’s passenger trains southward on and along Stewart avenue, in the city of Chicago. He brought this an action on the case to recover damages because of the injuries so sustained. The case has been twice tried in the circuit cpurt of Cook county. The appellee prevailed on both hearings. A judgment in his favor in the sum of $12,000, entered on the first hearing, was reversed by the Appellate Court for errors in matter of procedure. Upon a second hearing judgment was awarded the appellee in the sum of $10,000. This is an appeal from the judgment of the Appellate Court for the First District affirming- the last mentioned judgment of the circuit court of Cook county.
The errors assigned render necessary some reference to the facts. At the time the appellee was injured the appellant company maintained two railroad tracks in Stewart avenue, in the city of Chicago, located near each other, on the easterly side of the avenue. The Western Indiana Railroad Company maintained two tracks on the westerly side of said Stewart avenue. The Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad Company operated its passenger trains on the more easterly track of said Western Indiana Railroad Company, in said avenue. Thirty-first street runs east and west, and intersects Stewart avenue at right angles. In the center of the avenue at the crossing of said Thirty-first street there was a space of about twenty feet between the more easterly track of the Western Indiana Railroad Company and the more westerly track of the appellant company. At the south side of Thirty-first street, and immediately adjoining the easterly track of the Western Indiana Railroad Company, a small and narrow platform had been erected for the use of passengers in entering or alighting from the trains passing along the avenue on that track. The platform was about nine feet long, two and one-half feet wide and about fifteen inches high. It could only accommodate the passengers who were attempting to enter or alight from the rear end of one car and the forward end of another. At the hour of twenty minutes after five o’clock on the evening of February 8, 1892, a passenger train of the Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad Company, which was northward bound on the easterly of the tracks maintained by the Western Indiana Railroad Company on said Stewart avenue, stopped at the crossing of Thirty-first street. The appellee was a passenger on the train and alighted at or near the south line of Thirty-first street and at once proceeded to pass eastwardly along the south side of Thirty-first street, across the tracks of the appellant company in the avenue. A passenger train of the appellant company was then approaching the crossing from the north on the westerly of appellant’s tracks in Stewart avenue, and the engine drawing said train ran upon and struck appellee as he was crossing the track on which it was moving. He received serious injuries, making necessary the amputation of his left leg.
It is contended the court should have directed a peremptory verdict for the appellant on two grounds: First, that the evidence did not tend to show the appellee was in the exercise of ordinary care for his own safety; and second, that the evidence did not tend to show the servants of the appellant company in charge of the engine and train were guilty of any act of negligence which contributed to the injury. We think both of these contentions were properly regarded by the trial judge as questions of fact for the determination of the jury.
The appellee, together with other passengers, alighted from the train in a narrow space in the avenue, with railroad tracks on either side. He was going to his home, one block east of Stewart avenue, and it was necessary he should cross over the tracks of appellant railway in the avenue. Moreover, the train on which he had arrived stood across Thirty-first street, thus closing the passageway to the westward. He testified that he looked to the-north and the south but did not see the train. It was “at sundown,” or “at dusk,” as stated by some of the witnesses. At the north side of Thirty-first street, in the space in Stewart avenue not occupied by the railroad tracks, and between the tracks, stood a switchman’s house or “shanty,” and several persons were standing in the same space, and thus, to some extent, his view of the approaching train was obstructed. Under the circumstances he might, without any imputation of negligence, govern his actions, to some extent, in reliance upon the supposition that a train would not be driven at a high rate of speed along the appellant’s tracks in the avenue and across Thirty-first street at a time when the Chicagoi and Eastern Illinois Railroad Company was unloading passengers from the coaches of its train into the narrow space in the avenue between the two sets of tracks. It was not reasonably to be apprehended by him that the railroad companies so occupying a public street with their tracks and trains, and using the space at a street crossing for the purpose of receiving and discharging passengers, would operate their trains along the streets and across that street intersection, where passengers were alighting from a train, without due regard for the safety of the persons so known to be in the narrow space at the street intersection. The fact the gates were down at the street crossing had little, if any, weight in determining the propriety of the action of the appellee. If,he had known the gates were closed he would most probably have supposed they had been shut down to warn others on the street of the coming in of the train on which he was a passenger. That the gates were shut conveyed no warning to him. The trial court correctly refused to declare, as matter of law, that under the circumstances the appellee should be declared guilty of failure to exercise ordinary care for his own safety.
The evidence also made it the duty of the court to submit to the jury, as a question of fact, whether the servants of the appellant company in charge of its train were guilty of negligence. The engineer who was controlling the locomotive drawing the appellant’s train testified that he knew that the passenger train of the Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad Company was due to stop at the crossing of Thirty-first street at the time in question; that he saw that train approaching the crossing; that he afterwards saw passengers getting off of the Eastern Illinois train into the space in the avenue between the tracks, and the evidence showed that without slackening the speed of his train he drove his engine and train over the crossing at a speed of from fifteen to thirty miles per hour, without any regard to the fact that passengers on the train of the Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad Company had been discharged from a train of that company into the narrow space in the avenue, between the track on which his train was moving and the track where stood the train from which the appellee had alighted. He knew that passengers were in that space and that the Chicago and Eastern Illinois train stood across the street and obstructed their passage to the westward, and-that the only exit for such passengers was eastward across the track on which his train was moving. The law required the exercise of ordinary care on the part of the company, and ordinary care is that degree of care which is commensurate with the hazards of the situation. (2 Thompson on Law of Negligence, sec.
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Mr. Justice Boggs
delivered the opinion of the court:
On the 8th day of February, 1892, — now more than ten ye,ars ago, — the appellee was run upon and struck by an engine which was drawing one of appellant’s passenger trains southward on and along Stewart avenue, in the city of Chicago. He brought this an action on the case to recover damages because of the injuries so sustained. The case has been twice tried in the circuit cpurt of Cook county. The appellee prevailed on both hearings. A judgment in his favor in the sum of $12,000, entered on the first hearing, was reversed by the Appellate Court for errors in matter of procedure. Upon a second hearing judgment was awarded the appellee in the sum of $10,000. This is an appeal from the judgment of the Appellate Court for the First District affirming- the last mentioned judgment of the circuit court of Cook county.
The errors assigned render necessary some reference to the facts. At the time the appellee was injured the appellant company maintained two railroad tracks in Stewart avenue, in the city of Chicago, located near each other, on the easterly side of the avenue. The Western Indiana Railroad Company maintained two tracks on the westerly side of said Stewart avenue. The Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad Company operated its passenger trains on the more easterly track of said Western Indiana Railroad Company, in said avenue. Thirty-first street runs east and west, and intersects Stewart avenue at right angles. In the center of the avenue at the crossing of said Thirty-first street there was a space of about twenty feet between the more easterly track of the Western Indiana Railroad Company and the more westerly track of the appellant company. At the south side of Thirty-first street, and immediately adjoining the easterly track of the Western Indiana Railroad Company, a small and narrow platform had been erected for the use of passengers in entering or alighting from the trains passing along the avenue on that track. The platform was about nine feet long, two and one-half feet wide and about fifteen inches high. It could only accommodate the passengers who were attempting to enter or alight from the rear end of one car and the forward end of another. At the hour of twenty minutes after five o’clock on the evening of February 8, 1892, a passenger train of the Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad Company, which was northward bound on the easterly of the tracks maintained by the Western Indiana Railroad Company on said Stewart avenue, stopped at the crossing of Thirty-first street. The appellee was a passenger on the train and alighted at or near the south line of Thirty-first street and at once proceeded to pass eastwardly along the south side of Thirty-first street, across the tracks of the appellant company in the avenue. A passenger train of the appellant company was then approaching the crossing from the north on the westerly of appellant’s tracks in Stewart avenue, and the engine drawing said train ran upon and struck appellee as he was crossing the track on which it was moving. He received serious injuries, making necessary the amputation of his left leg.
It is contended the court should have directed a peremptory verdict for the appellant on two grounds: First, that the evidence did not tend to show the appellee was in the exercise of ordinary care for his own safety; and second, that the evidence did not tend to show the servants of the appellant company in charge of the engine and train were guilty of any act of negligence which contributed to the injury. We think both of these contentions were properly regarded by the trial judge as questions of fact for the determination of the jury.
The appellee, together with other passengers, alighted from the train in a narrow space in the avenue, with railroad tracks on either side. He was going to his home, one block east of Stewart avenue, and it was necessary he should cross over the tracks of appellant railway in the avenue. Moreover, the train on which he had arrived stood across Thirty-first street, thus closing the passageway to the westward. He testified that he looked to the-north and the south but did not see the train. It was “at sundown,” or “at dusk,” as stated by some of the witnesses. At the north side of Thirty-first street, in the space in Stewart avenue not occupied by the railroad tracks, and between the tracks, stood a switchman’s house or “shanty,” and several persons were standing in the same space, and thus, to some extent, his view of the approaching train was obstructed. Under the circumstances he might, without any imputation of negligence, govern his actions, to some extent, in reliance upon the supposition that a train would not be driven at a high rate of speed along the appellant’s tracks in the avenue and across Thirty-first street at a time when the Chicagoi and Eastern Illinois Railroad Company was unloading passengers from the coaches of its train into the narrow space in the avenue between the two sets of tracks. It was not reasonably to be apprehended by him that the railroad companies so occupying a public street with their tracks and trains, and using the space at a street crossing for the purpose of receiving and discharging passengers, would operate their trains along the streets and across that street intersection, where passengers were alighting from a train, without due regard for the safety of the persons so known to be in the narrow space at the street intersection. The fact the gates were down at the street crossing had little, if any, weight in determining the propriety of the action of the appellee. If,he had known the gates were closed he would most probably have supposed they had been shut down to warn others on the street of the coming in of the train on which he was a passenger. That the gates were shut conveyed no warning to him. The trial court correctly refused to declare, as matter of law, that under the circumstances the appellee should be declared guilty of failure to exercise ordinary care for his own safety.
The evidence also made it the duty of the court to submit to the jury, as a question of fact, whether the servants of the appellant company in charge of its train were guilty of negligence. The engineer who was controlling the locomotive drawing the appellant’s train testified that he knew that the passenger train of the Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad Company was due to stop at the crossing of Thirty-first street at the time in question; that he saw that train approaching the crossing; that he afterwards saw passengers getting off of the Eastern Illinois train into the space in the avenue between the tracks, and the evidence showed that without slackening the speed of his train he drove his engine and train over the crossing at a speed of from fifteen to thirty miles per hour, without any regard to the fact that passengers on the train of the Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad Company had been discharged from a train of that company into the narrow space in the avenue, between the track on which his train was moving and the track where stood the train from which the appellee had alighted. He knew that passengers were in that space and that the Chicago and Eastern Illinois train stood across the street and obstructed their passage to the westward, and-that the only exit for such passengers was eastward across the track on which his train was moving. The law required the exercise of ordinary care on the part of the company, and ordinary care is that degree of care which is commensurate with the hazards of the situation. (2 Thompson on Law of Negligence, sec. 1846.) The engineer admitted that he saw the appellee approaching the track on which his train was moving; that he realized appellee was in danger or would at once become endangered by his train, and that he did not then apply the brake or shut off the steam, but stepped to the other side of the cab to see if appellee was hit, and then came back and applied the brake. The evidence tended to disclose the want of ordinary care on the part of the.engineer for the safety of the appellee.
It is complained the court permitted the appellee to introduce in evidence rule No. 114 adopted by the appellant company. The rule is as follows: ' “A train approaching a station where a passenger train is receiving or discharging passengers must be stopped before reaching the passenger train.” The ground of objection to the introduction of the rule is, that it was only intended to be applicable to the appellant’s road. The error of admitting this rule in evidence, if any error there was, (as to which we announce no decision,) was obviated by instructions Nos. 9 and 10 given to the jury at the request of the appellant company. These instructions are, in substance, that the rule had no application to the cause, and was not understood by the officers, agents and employees of the company to refer to any other trains or tracks than those of the appellant company. Excluding the rule from consideration, the circumstances and the situation authorized the application of the principle or design of the rule to the case. The lines of the two railroad companies were laid in the same public avenue. Their tracks were so placed in the avenue as to leave but a narrow strip of the avenue, or space, between the tracks. The Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad Company and the Grand Trunk road availed of this space at the intersection of Thirty-first street as a place for receiving and discharging passengers to and from their trains, and this was well known to the appellant company. That persons who had alighted from trains in this space would, or at least might, be endangered by the running of appellant’s trains at a high rate of speed on its tracks across the street intersection was apparent to the servants of the appellant. The avenue retained its character as a public highway. The appellant company, though authorized to lay its tracks on the avenue and propel its trains on such tracks, had actual knowledge that the avenue was also occupied by the tracks of other railway companies, and that such other companies were using a portion of the avenue as a place for receiving and discharging passengers, and such knowledge charged it with the duty of operating its trains with due regard for the safety of those who, by reason of being passengers on the trains of the other companies, were brought into such proximity to its tracks as to make the moving of its trains on its tracks dangerous to such persons. Speaking of the duty imposed by law upon railway companies in like state of case, it is well remarked in 2 Thompson on the Law of Negligence (sec. 1726): “At such places the railway company is bound to anticipate the presence of persons on its track and to keep a reasonable lookout for them, to give signals, * * * and to moderate the rate of speed of its trains so as to enable them to escape injury.” In Chicago and Alton Railroad Co. v. Kelly, 182 Ill. 267, it was said in the opinion of the Appellate Court, which was there adopted as the opinion of this court (p. 269): “The running of a freight train at a high rate of speed past a station where a passenger train is receiving and discharging passengers is so plainly negligent as not to require comment. It is equally negligent to so run a freight train just as the passenger train is pulling into the station, and more especially when the track upon which the freight train is moving is between the depot and the track on which the passenger train is moving.” The principle thus announced is applicable, we think, to the case in hand. It is clear, in view of this, and also in view of the instructions given by the court, before referred to, that the judgment should not be reversed because of admission in evidence of rule No. 114.
There was no error of reversible character in the giving or refusing of instructions. There is no force in the objection that instruction “A” given in behalf of appellee assumes that the appellant company was guilty of negligence. The instruction, in the first paragraph thereof, does no more than to state, as by way of explanation of the issues, that it is alleged in the declaration as a ground of a right to recover damages, that the defendant was negligent, etc. The design of the second clause or paragraph of the instruction is to advise the jury as to the elements necessary to be established by the testimony to warrant a recovery, the third of which is, that it shall be shown, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the plaintifi was injured as the direct and proximate result of the negligence of the appellant company. There is in no part of the instruction any assumption of fact that would invade the province of the jury to determine from the proofs whether the company was guilty of negligence.
The other complaint against this instruction, and also against instruction “B” given in the same behalf, that the duty of the appellee to use due care may have been understood by the jury to be limited to the immediate time and place of the injury, is groundless. There is nothing in the phraseology or structure of the instructions to indicate that the law required no more of the appellee than that he should have used due care to avoid injury after reaching the point of immediate peril. That if his negligence or want of ordinary care brought about his perilous situation he could not recover could not have been misunderstood by the jury.
Instruction No. 15, refused, was but a repetition of instruction No. 2, which was given.
Instruction No. 6 given at the request of the appellant company contained all asked to be given by instruction No. 16, which was refused.
Instruction No. 17, refused, erroneously asked the court to direct the jury to return a verdict for appellant if they should find a fact which was merely evidentiary, and not ultimate, to have been established by the evidence. The court, in instruction No. 13 given at the request of appellant, advised them that the fact referred to in instruction No. 17, if proven, would authorize a verdict for the appellant. Neither of the instructions should have been given. The appellant profited by the error of the court in giving one of them, and cannot be heard to complain that the court refused to reiterate it.
It was not error to refuse to give instruction No. 18 asked by appellant. It was as follows:
“If the jury believe, from the evidence, that at and before the time of the injury in question it was customary for suburban passenger trains to avoid stopping at a station to load or unload passengers at a time when a through passenger train was about to pass such station, then engineer King, of defendant’s said train, had a right to believe that the Eastern Illinois train in question would be governed by such custom until he had notice to the contrary.”
The engineer admitted, when testifying as a witness, that before his train arrived at Thirty-first street he knew the train of the Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad Company had stopped at the street intersection, and saw passengers alighting from the train of that company in the space between the tracks. The instruction entirely ignores this testimony.
There was no objection made, at the time, to remarks of counsel for appellee in his closing address to the jury. No complaint based upon alleged improprieties in that address can now be urged. We have, however, in view of the frequency of complaints of this character, examined the record with reference to this objection and find it to be wholly untenable.
The judgment must be and is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.