Pedro Santiago Marin v. the State of Texas

• Court: Court of Appeals of Texas
• Decided: October 11, 2021
• Docket: 05-19-01160-CR
• Status: Published

Opinion

AFFIRMED as MODIFIED and Opinion Filed October 11, 2021

S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-19-01160-CR

PEDRO SANTIAGO MARIN, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

On Appeal from the Criminal District Court No. 7 Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. F-1952413-Y

MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Osborne, Reichek, and Smith Opinion by Justice Smith A jury convicted appellant Pedro Santiago Marin of intentionally and

knowingly, during a period of thirty days or more in duration, committing two or

more acts of sexual abuse against a child younger than fourteen years of age. The

trial court sentenced Marin to thirty years’ confinement. Marin argues the evidence

is legally insufficient to support his conviction because the State failed to prove that

he committed two sexual acts of abuse during a period that was thirty days or more

in duration. Marin and the State ask the Court to reform the judgment to reflect that

the trial court, instead of the jury, assessed punishment. As modified, we affirm the

trial court’s judgment. Sufficiency of the Evidence

To avoid unnecessary repetition of facts, we do not include a separate

background section, but instead include only those facts necessary to dispose of

Marin’s sufficiency challenge. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1.

On February 22, 2019, complainant’s mother walked into complainant’s room

and saw Marin, who was in his boxer shorts, in bed with complainant with his hand

under her shirt. Officer Mayra Balderas was dispatched to the home and after talking

to complainant, Officer Balderas determined further investigation was necessary.

Officers took complainant, who was nine-years-old, to the Children’s

Advocacy Center where Jessica Parada conducted a forensic interview. The

interview lasted over an hour.

Complainant indicated during the interview that the first instance of abuse was

around September 2018 and continued until around November 2018. The first time

Marin abused her, he said he wanted to play a game, but instead, he held her hands

down and put his mouth on her vagina. She described a second time in which Marin

woke her up in the middle of the night, removed her underwear, and put his penis

“on the top of her vagina.” He also put his mouth on her vagina. She told Parada

the last time “something happened with her private parts” was right before her

birthday, which was November 30.

Although complainant was unsure how many times Marin abused her, she

testified during trial that he put his mouth on her vagina more than once. Parada also

–2– testified during trial to the two incidents complainant described during her forensic

interview.

Marin argues the evidence if legally insufficient because the State failed to

prove he committed two or more acts of sexual abuse during a period of thirty days

or more. The State responds the evidence is legally sufficient.

In reviewing the legal sufficiency of the evidence, we consider whether “any

rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a

reasonable doubt.” Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979). We review the

evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict and defer to the trier of fact to

resolve conflicts in testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw reasonable

inferences from basic to ultimate facts. See Merritt v. State, 368 S.W.3d 516, 525

(Tex. Crim. App. 2012); see also Isassi v. State, 330 S.W.3d 633, 638 (Tex. Crim.

App. 2010). The testimony of a child victim alone is sufficient to support a

conviction for continuous sexual abuse of a child. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN.

art. 38.07(a); Garner v. State, 523 S.W.3d 266, 271 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2017, no

pet.).

A person commits the offense of continuous sexual abuse of a child under the

age of fourteen if, during a period that is thirty or more days in duration, he commits

two or more acts of sexual abuse and, at the time of the commission of each act, he

is seventeen years of age or older and the victim is a child younger than fourteen

years of age. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 21.02(b); Garner, 523 S.W.3d at 271.

–3– Although the exact dates of the abuse need not be proven, the offense requires

proof that two or more acts of sexual abuse occurred during a period of thirty days

or more. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 21.02(d); Garner, 523 S.W.3d at 271. The

statute does not require that the jury agree unanimously on the specific acts of sexual

abuse the defendant committed or the exact dates when those acts were committed.

See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 21.02(d); see also Funes v. State, No. 05-18-01174-

CR, 2020 WL 5651659, at *4 (Tex. App.—Dallas Sept. 23, 2020, no pet.) (mem.

op., not designated for publication).

Here, a jury could reasonably infer that one of the described incidents of

sexual abuse occurred in September while the second described incident occurred in

late November. Making this determination was within the sole discretion of the

factfinder. See, e.g., Trinidad v. State, No. 07-19-00034-CR, 2020 WL 4249745, at

*5 (Tex. App.—Amarillo July 20, 2020, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for

publication) (within factfinder’s role to resolve conflicts in evidence, weigh

evidence, and draw reasonable inferences which included child’s testimony that was

“very unsure, provided vague information and scant detail about specific instances

of sexual abuse, and was unable to provide specific dates of alleged instances”).

Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, we conclude a

rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the offense of

continuous sexual assault of a child beyond a reasonable doubt. See TEX. PENAL

CODE ANN. § 21.02(d); Garner, 523 S.W.3d at 271.

–4– In reaching this conclusion, we need not consider Marin’s assertion that the

February 22, 2019 breast-touching incident was not an act of sexual abuse because

his conviction is supported by two other instances of abuse. See TEX. R. APP. P.

47.1. We overrule Marin’s first issue.

Modification of Judgment

In his second issue, Marin argues the judgment should be reformed to reflect

that the trial court, not the jury, assessed punishment. The State agrees.

We have the power to modify the trial court’s judgment when we have the

necessary information to do so. See TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2(b); Bigley v. State, 865

S.W.2d 26, 27–28 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993); Asberry v. State, 813 S.W.2d 526, 529–

30 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1991, pet. ref’d). Here, the record reflects that Marin elected

for the judge to assess punishment. The trial court conducted the punishment hearing

and stated the punishment on the record at the conclusion of the hearing.

Accordingly, we sustain Marin’s second issue and modify the judgment to reflect

that the trial court, not the jury, assessed punishment.

–5– Conclusion

As modified, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

/Craig Smith/ CRAIG SMITH JUSTICE

Do Not Publish TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b) 191160F.U05

–6– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT

PEDRO SANTIAGO MARIN, On Appeal from the Criminal District Appellant Court No. 7, Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. F-1952413-Y. No. 05-19-01160-CR V. Opinion delivered by Justice Smith. Justices Osborne and Reichek THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee participating.

Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is MODIFIED to reflect “Punishment Assessed by: Trial Court.”

As REFORMED, the judgment is AFFIRMED.

Judgment entered October 11, 2021

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