Pearson v. Rodriguez

174 F. Supp. 3d 210, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 44002, 2016 WL 1275588
CourtDistrict Court, District of Columbia
DecidedMarch 31, 2016
DocketCivil Case No. 15-00617 (TFH)
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 174 F. Supp. 3d 210 (Pearson v. Rodriguez) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, District of Columbia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Pearson v. Rodriguez, 174 F. Supp. 3d 210, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 44002, 2016 WL 1275588 (D.D.C. 2016).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Thomas F. Hogan, Senior United States District Judge

Plaintiffs Michael Townsend Pearson (“Mr. Pearson”) and Eli Ivanova Pearson (“Ms. Pearson”) seek judicial review of the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services’ (“USCIS”) denial of Mr. Pearson’s Form 1-130, Petition for Alien Relative, which he filed on behalf of his nonciti-zen spouse, Ms. Pearson. Pending before the Court is Defendants’ Motion to Transfer Venue or, In the Alternative, to Dismiss the Complaint [ECF No. 4]. Plaintiffs oppose the motion [ECF No. 6]. Upon consideration of the parties’ submissions and for the reasons provided below, the Court will grant the motion in part to the extent defendants seek to transfer venue to the Eastern District of Virginia. The Court, therefore, will not reach defendants’ alternative motion to dismiss the Complaint.

[212]*212I.

Plaintiffs’ Complaint provides, in pertinent part, the following. Mr. Pearson, a U.S. citizen born in Virginia, and Ms. Pearson, a native of Bulgaria, married on December 20, 2011 in Virginia. Compl. ¶24. They have resided in Virginia ever since and are presently domiciled in Ber-ryville, Virginia. Id. ¶¶ 24, 26. On February 17, 2012, Mr. Pearson filed with USCIS a Form 1-130, Petition for Alien Relative, on behalf of Ms. Pearson. Id. ¶26. If approved, the 1-130 Petition would have conferred “immediate relative status” to Ms. Pearson under the Immigration and Nationality Act, which would permit Ms. Pearson to apply for lawful permanent resident status and, eventually, U.S. citizenship. Id. ¶3. However, the Adam Walsh Act, which amended the Immigration and Nationality Act, prohibits the approval of 1-130 Petitions filed by U.S. citizens who have been convicted of a “specified offense against a minor,” unless the agency determines “in [its] sole and unreviewable discretion” that the U.S. citizen “poses no risk” to his or her noncitizen immediate relative. Id. ¶ 12.

On March 27, 2013, USCIS issued a decision- denying the 1-130 Petition because it found that Mr. Pearson’s 1991 conviction for rape, in violation of Virginia Code § 18.2-61, constituted a “specified offense against a minor” and further found that Mr. Pearson failed to demonstrate that he posed no risk to the noncitizen beneficiary, Ms. Pearson. Id. ¶¶ 27, 29. The USCIS decision was affirmed on appeal by the Board of Immigration Appeals. Id. ¶ 13. Plaintiffs now seek judicial review of the USCIS decision. Id. ¶ 31.1

II.

28 U.S.C. § 1404(a) provides, in pertinent part, that “[f]or the convenience of parties and witnesses, in the interest of justice, a district court may transfer any civil action to any other district or division where it might have been brought.” Section 1404(a) “place[s] discretion in the district court to adjudicate motions for transfer according to an ’individualized, case-by-case consideration of convenience and fairness.’” Stewart Org., Inc. v. Ricoh Corp., 487 U.S. 22, 29, 108 S.Ct. 2239, 101 L.Ed.2d 22 (1988). The moving party bears the burden of establishing that the transfer of the action is proper. Trout Unlimited v. U.S. Dep’t of Agric., 944 F.Supp. 13, 16 (D.D.C.1996).

The threshold inquiry under section 1404(a) is whether this action might have been brought in the Eastern District of Virginia. Under 28 U.S.C. § 1391(e), for a civil action in which a defendant is an officer' or employee of the United States, venue is proper in any judicial district where (1) “a defendant in the action resides,” (2) “a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred,” or (3) “the plaintiff resides if no real property is involved in the action.” Here, as defendants assert, plaintiffs’ action could have been brought in the Eastern District of Virginia; Defendants Sarah Taylor and Kimberly J. Zanotti, respectively a USCIS District Director and US-CIS Field Office Director, are based in Fairfax, Virginia and, thus, reside in the Eastern District of Virginia, see Nestor v. Hershey, 425 F.2d 504, 521 n. 22 (D.C.Cir.1969) (“Where a public official is a party to [213]*213an action in his official capacity he resides in the judicial district where he maintains his official residence, that is where he performs his official duties.”)) and the events giving rise to plaintiffs’ claims occurred in the Eastern District of Virginia — namely, Mr. Pearson’s 1-130 petition was adjudicated at the USCIS Washington office located in Fairfax, Virginia, and Ms appeal to the Board of Immigration Appeals was decided in Falls Church, Virginia, see ECF Nos. 4-1 (USCIS decision), 4-2 (Board of Immigration Appeals decision).

Having determined that this action might have been brought in the Eastern District of Virginia, the Court must now determine whether this action should be transferred to that jurisdiction. In doing so, the Court must exercise “its broad discretion to balance case-specific factors related to the public interest of justice and the private interests of the parties and witnesses.” Montgomery v. STG Int’l, Inc., 532 F.Supp.2d 29, 32 (D.D.C.2008) (citing Stewart, 487 U.S. at 29-30, 108 S.Ct. 2239). “The private interest factors typically considered include: 1) the plaintiffs choice of forum, 2) the defendant’s choice of forum, 3) where the claim arose, 4) the convenience of the parties, 5) the convenience of the witnesses, particularly if important witnesses may actually be unavailable to give live trial testimony in one of the districts, and 6) the ease of access to sources of proof.” Id. at 32-33. “The public factors usually weighed in considering a motion' to transfer include: 1) the transferee’s familiarity with the governing laws, 2) the relative congestion of each court, and 3) the local interest in deciding local controversies at home.” Id. at 33.

The first three private factors weigh in favor of transfer. As noted above, the challenged agency decision was adjudicated in defendants’ choice forum, the Eastern District of Virginia. Furthermore, Plaintiffs were married and reside in Virginia and the basis of the agency’s denial was Mr. Pearson’s 1991 conviction in Virginia.2 Although the Court ordinarily grants deference to plaintiffs’ choice of forum, Montgomery, 532 F.Supp.2d at 33, this deference is weakened where, as here, plaintiffs are not residents of the forum and most of the relevant events occurred elsewhere, Aftab v. Gonzalez, 597 F.Supp.2d 76, 80 (D.D.C.2009). Moreover, while plaintiffs name as defendants certain high-level government officials with'offices in the District of Columbia, the D.C. Circuit has cautioned that “[c]ourts in this circuit must examine challenges to personal jurisdiction and venue carefully to guard against the danger that a plaintiff might manufacture venue in the District of Columbia[ ] [b]y naming high government officials as defendants.” Cameron v. Thornburgh, 983 F.2d 253, 256 (D.C.Cir.1993).

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Patel v. Mayorkas
District of Columbia, 2024
Wilson v. Garland
District of Columbia, 2024
Gyau v. Sessions
District of Columbia, 2018
Bourdon v. United States Department of Homeland Security
235 F. Supp. 3d 298 (District of Columbia, 2017)
Hispanic Affairs Project v. Perez
District of Columbia, 2016

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
174 F. Supp. 3d 210, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 44002, 2016 WL 1275588, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/pearson-v-rodriguez-dcd-2016.