Peak v. Topeka Housing Authority

78 F.R.D. 78, 20 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1551, 25 Fed. R. Serv. 2d 335, 1978 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 19813
CourtDistrict Court, D. Kansas
DecidedJanuary 31, 1978
DocketCiv. A. No. 77-4177
StatusPublished
Cited by8 cases

This text of 78 F.R.D. 78 (Peak v. Topeka Housing Authority) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, D. Kansas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Peak v. Topeka Housing Authority, 78 F.R.D. 78, 20 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1551, 25 Fed. R. Serv. 2d 335, 1978 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 19813 (D. Kan. 1978).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

ROGERS, District Judge.

The above-captioned case comes before the Court on defendant’s “Motion to Partially Dismiss Complaint,” seeking dismissal of the cause of action based upon 42 U.S.C. § 1981 for lack of subject matter jurisdiction and dismissal of the class action allegations in the complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.

This is an employment discrimination case wherein plaintiff Peak challenges the employment practices of defendant Topeka Housing Authority. Since the complaint filed in this case is the object of defendant’s attack and will be referred to throughout this order, it is reproduced in full in appendix form below.

Defendant first claims a defect in plaintiff’s complaint essentially for its failure to allege a statute conferring subject matter jurisdiction upon this Court. Plaintiff’s memorandum in response to this challenge (which curiously concludes with a prayer that her complaint “be held insufficient”) correctly states that 28 U.S.C. § 1343 confers subject matter jurisdiction over this case upon the Court. However, such a response does not erase the fact that plaintiff’s complaint does not comply with Rule 8(a)(1), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, which commands that a plaintiff plead “a short and plain statement of the grounds upon which jurisdiction depends.” The complaint “must show affirmatively jurisdiction of the subject matter, and when such affirmative averments are not made, the complaint may be dismissed on motion.” Truck Drivers & Helpers v. Grosshans & Petersen, Inc., 209 F.Supp. 164, 167 (D.Kan. 1962). Since it is obvious that plaintiff can amend her pleading to aver jurisdiction properly, leave to amend will be granted pursuant to Rule 15(a), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Defendant’s motion to dismiss on this ground will be held in abeyance thirty days pending such amendment, and if the amendment is properly made this aspect of defendant’s motion will be overruled and denied.

The second facet of defendant’s motion presents more troublesome questions. Defendant attacks the class action allegations of the complaint as vague and conclusory, and therefore insufficient to allow this case [81]*81to proceed as a class action. Defendant points out the lack of any indication that this case is appropriate for class action treatment under Rule 23, reflects upon plaintiffs counsels’ poor track record with regard to motions for class treatment, and objects to counsel’s “using such a broad-scope complaint as a port from which to embark upon a large scale fishing expedition apparently hoping to catch some species of evidence to support at least one facet of his generalized individual and class allegations.” Defendant cites 3B Moore’s Federal Practice for the contention that “the complaint . . . should allege the existence of necessary facts showing that the prerequisites of [Rule 23(a)] have been satisfied.” Id. § 23.02-2, pp. 23-152 to 153.

Plaintiff responds that “Moore’s suggestions are merely suggestions and not codified requirements,” and that paragraph 6 of the complaint both satisfies “many of the prerequisites” of Rule 23, and is sufficiently specific to withstand defendant’s motion. Plaintiff cites, respectively, for these contentions Urban v. Breier 401 F.Supp. 706 (E.D.Wis.1975), and Mason v. Calgon Corp., 63 F.R.D. 98 (W.D.Pa.1974).

The Court has undertaken a review of authority dealing with the standards which must be met by complaints purporting to initiate class action litigation. Professor Moore is not alone in his contention that the complaint in a class action should allege facts pertinent to the maintainability of the action on behalf of the class:

[I]n a class action plaintiff is required to set forth more than the three elements of a complaint described in Rule 8(a); he must also show that his action falls within Rule 23. “Under the present Rule 23, an allegation of class representation is attended by serious consequences.” Therefore, for an action to go forward under Rule 23, the pleáder must establish that the four requirements set forth in subdivision (a) are satisfied and that the action falls within one of the three categories described in subdivision (b).

7A Wright & Miller, Federal Practice & Procedure, Civil, § 1798 (footnotes omitted). As a general proposition, facts illustrating compliance with Rule 23 prerequisites should be accommodated by the complaint.

4 Newberg, Class Actions, § 7985 at p. 1313.

While Title VII cases may be particularly well-suited for class-action treatment, the mere fact that one brings an action under Title VII does not automatically entitle him to a class action. Mason v. Calgon, supra; see Doctor v. Seaboard Coast Line R. Co., 540 F.2d 699, 706-07 (4th Cir. 1976), and cases cited therein: Further, the mere fact that a complaint alleges a class action is not dispositive of the question whether class treatment is proper. Berger v. Purolator Prods., Inc., 41 F.R.D. 542 (S.D. N.Y.1966); Cash v. Swifton Land Corp., 434 F.2d 569 (6th Cir. 1970).

One who wishes to bring a class action should indeed allege in the complaint that the case is brought as a class action. See, e. g., Washington v. Safeway Corp., 467 F.2d 945 (10th Cir. 1972). However, “there must not only be allegations relative to the matters mentioned in [Rule 23], but, in addition, there must be a statement of basic facts." Gary v. Industrial Indemnity Co., 7 F.E.P. 193, 196 (N.D.Cal.1973); Gillibeau v. City of Richmond, 417 F.2d 426 (9th Cir. 1969). “[I]n a class action, the complaint should contain the basic elements of plaintiff’s contentions . . .” Weiss v. Tenney Corp., 47 F.R.D. 283, 287 (S.D.N.Y. 1969) .

In Hyatt v. United Aircraft Corp., Sikorsky Aircraft Div., 50 F.R.D. 242 (D.Conn. 1970) , the court was faced with a conclusory, “across-the-board” complaint analogous to the one before us. In the course of denying certification of the alleged class, the court said:

The complaint alleges in broad, sweeping terms — absent any specification whatsoever — that plaintiff and members of the class he purports to represent have been discriminated against by defendant “because of race or color with respect to compensation, terms, promotions, conditions and privileges of employment” and in “limiting, segregating and classifying [82]*82employees of Defendant Sikorsky in ways which deprive Plaintiff and other Negro persons in this class of equal employment and promotion opportunities, and otherwise adversely affect their status as employees because of race and color.”

Id. at 244. The court noted that while it would ordinarily look to the complaint to determine compliance with Rule 23 prerequisites, the phrasing of the complaint made that impossible.

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Bluebook (online)
78 F.R.D. 78, 20 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1551, 25 Fed. R. Serv. 2d 335, 1978 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 19813, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/peak-v-topeka-housing-authority-ksd-1978.