1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JESUS ZAVALA, No. 2:22-cv-0050 DB P 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER AND FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 14 REVENUE RECOVERY, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 Plaintiff is a former1 county prisoner proceeding pro se with a civil rights action pursuant 18 to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Plaintiff alleges funds were improperly removed from his inmate trust 19 account. For the reasons set forth below, the court will recommend that the complaint be 20 dismissed without leave to amend and that the motion to proceed in forma pauperis be denied as 21 moot. 22 //// 23
24 1 Records indicate that plaintiff is no longer an inmate in the custody of Sacramento County. See https://www.sacsheriff.com/InmateInformation/SearchNames.aspx (inmate locator website 25 operated by the Sacramento County Sheriff’s Department). This court may take judicial notice of 26 such information. See Louis v. McCormick & Schmick Restaurant Corp., 460 F. Supp. 2d 1153, 1155 fn.4 (C.D. Cal. 2006) (court may take judicial notice of state agency records); Pacheco v. 27 Diaz, No. 1:19-cv-0774 SAB (PC), 2019 WL 5073594, at *2 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 4, 2019) (court may take judicial notice of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation’s inmate 28 locator system). 1 SCREENING 2 I. Legal Standards 3 The court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a 4 governmental entity or an officer or employee of a governmental entity. See 28 U.S.C. § 5 1915A(a). The court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if the prisoner has raised claims 6 that are legally “frivolous or malicious,” that fail to state a claim upon which relief may be 7 granted, or that seek monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. See 28 8 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1) & (2). 9 A claim is legally frivolous when it lacks an arguable basis either in law or in fact. 10 Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325 (1989); Franklin v. Murphy, 745 F.2d 1221, 1227-28 (9th 11 Cir. 1984). The court may, therefore, dismiss a claim as frivolous where it is based on an 12 indisputably meritless legal theory or where the factual contentions are clearly baseless. Neitzke, 13 490 U.S. at 327. The critical inquiry is whether a constitutional claim, however inartfully 14 pleaded, has an arguable legal and factual basis. See Franklin, 745 F.2d at 1227. 15 Rule 8(a)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure “requires only ‘a short and plain 16 statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief,’ in order to ‘give the 17 defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests.’” Bell 18 AtlanticCorp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007) (quoting Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 47 19 (1957)). 20 However, in order to survive dismissal for failure to state a claim a complaint must 21 contain more than “a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action;” it must contain 22 factual allegations sufficient “to raise a right to relief above the speculative level.” Bell Atlantic, 23 550 U.S. at 555. In reviewing a complaint under this standard, the court must accept as true the 24 allegations of the complaint in question, Hospital Bldg. Co. v. Rex Hospital Trustees, 425 U.S. 25 738, 740 (1976), construe the pleading in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, and resolve all 26 doubts in the plaintiff’s favor. Jenkins v. McKeithen, 395 U.S. 411, 421 (1969). 27 //// 28 //// 1 The Civil Rights Act under which this action was filed provides as follows: 2 Every person who, under color of [state law] . . . subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States . . . to the deprivation 3 of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution . . . shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, 4 or other proper proceeding for redress. 5 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Here, the defendants must act under color of federal law. Bivens, 403 U.S. at 6 389. The statute requires that there be an actual connection or link between the 7 actions of the defendants and the deprivation alleged to have been suffered by plaintiff. See 8 Monell v. Dept. of Social Servs., 436 U.S. 658 (1978); Rizzo v. Goode, 423 U.S. 362 9 (1976). “A person ‘subjects’ another to the deprivation of a constitutional right, within the 10 meaning of § 1983, if he does an affirmative act, participates in another's affirmative acts or 11 omits to perform an act which he is legally required to do that causes the deprivation of which 12 complaint is made.” Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 1978). 13 Moreover, supervisory personnel are generally not liable under § 1983 for the actions of 14 their employees under a theory of respondeat superior and, therefore, when a named defendant 15 holds a supervisorial position, the causal link between him and the claimed constitutional 16 violation must be specifically alleged. See Fayle v. Stapley, 607 F.2d 858, 862 (9th Cir. 1979); 17 Mosher v. Saalfeld, 589 F.2d 438, 441 (9th Cir. 1978). Vague and conclusory allegations 18 concerning the involvement of official personnel in civil rights violations are not sufficient. See 19 Ivey v. Board of Regents, 673 F.2d 266, 268 (9th Cir. 1982). 20 I. Allegations in the Complaint 21 Plaintiff alleges the events giving rise to the claim occurred while he was a county inmate. 22 (ECF No. 1 at 2.) Plaintiff has identified the following defendants: (1) Revenue Recovery; (2) 23 Melina Turpin; (3) Ben Lemera; and (4) Kirsten Ireton. (Id. at 1.) 24 Plaintiff states his “stimulus economic impact payment checks” were sent from the 25 location he was housed at when he filed the complaint, to the Sacramento County Mail Jail and 26 were then removed from his account. (Id. at 3.) He seeks the return of the funds as well as 27 additional damages from each defendant. (Id. at 4.) 28 //// 1 II. Does Plaintiff State a Claim under § 1983? 2 The Due Process Clause protects inmates from unauthorized deductions. Vance v. 3 Barrett, 345 F.3d 1083, 1090-91 (9th Cir. 2003) (deductions from prisoner’s accounts without 4 statutory authorization required procedural safeguards); Wright v.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JESUS ZAVALA, No. 2:22-cv-0050 DB P 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER AND FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 14 REVENUE RECOVERY, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 Plaintiff is a former1 county prisoner proceeding pro se with a civil rights action pursuant 18 to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Plaintiff alleges funds were improperly removed from his inmate trust 19 account. For the reasons set forth below, the court will recommend that the complaint be 20 dismissed without leave to amend and that the motion to proceed in forma pauperis be denied as 21 moot. 22 //// 23
24 1 Records indicate that plaintiff is no longer an inmate in the custody of Sacramento County. See https://www.sacsheriff.com/InmateInformation/SearchNames.aspx (inmate locator website 25 operated by the Sacramento County Sheriff’s Department). This court may take judicial notice of 26 such information. See Louis v. McCormick & Schmick Restaurant Corp., 460 F. Supp. 2d 1153, 1155 fn.4 (C.D. Cal. 2006) (court may take judicial notice of state agency records); Pacheco v. 27 Diaz, No. 1:19-cv-0774 SAB (PC), 2019 WL 5073594, at *2 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 4, 2019) (court may take judicial notice of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation’s inmate 28 locator system). 1 SCREENING 2 I. Legal Standards 3 The court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a 4 governmental entity or an officer or employee of a governmental entity. See 28 U.S.C. § 5 1915A(a). The court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if the prisoner has raised claims 6 that are legally “frivolous or malicious,” that fail to state a claim upon which relief may be 7 granted, or that seek monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. See 28 8 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1) & (2). 9 A claim is legally frivolous when it lacks an arguable basis either in law or in fact. 10 Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325 (1989); Franklin v. Murphy, 745 F.2d 1221, 1227-28 (9th 11 Cir. 1984). The court may, therefore, dismiss a claim as frivolous where it is based on an 12 indisputably meritless legal theory or where the factual contentions are clearly baseless. Neitzke, 13 490 U.S. at 327. The critical inquiry is whether a constitutional claim, however inartfully 14 pleaded, has an arguable legal and factual basis. See Franklin, 745 F.2d at 1227. 15 Rule 8(a)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure “requires only ‘a short and plain 16 statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief,’ in order to ‘give the 17 defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests.’” Bell 18 AtlanticCorp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007) (quoting Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 47 19 (1957)). 20 However, in order to survive dismissal for failure to state a claim a complaint must 21 contain more than “a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action;” it must contain 22 factual allegations sufficient “to raise a right to relief above the speculative level.” Bell Atlantic, 23 550 U.S. at 555. In reviewing a complaint under this standard, the court must accept as true the 24 allegations of the complaint in question, Hospital Bldg. Co. v. Rex Hospital Trustees, 425 U.S. 25 738, 740 (1976), construe the pleading in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, and resolve all 26 doubts in the plaintiff’s favor. Jenkins v. McKeithen, 395 U.S. 411, 421 (1969). 27 //// 28 //// 1 The Civil Rights Act under which this action was filed provides as follows: 2 Every person who, under color of [state law] . . . subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States . . . to the deprivation 3 of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution . . . shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, 4 or other proper proceeding for redress. 5 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Here, the defendants must act under color of federal law. Bivens, 403 U.S. at 6 389. The statute requires that there be an actual connection or link between the 7 actions of the defendants and the deprivation alleged to have been suffered by plaintiff. See 8 Monell v. Dept. of Social Servs., 436 U.S. 658 (1978); Rizzo v. Goode, 423 U.S. 362 9 (1976). “A person ‘subjects’ another to the deprivation of a constitutional right, within the 10 meaning of § 1983, if he does an affirmative act, participates in another's affirmative acts or 11 omits to perform an act which he is legally required to do that causes the deprivation of which 12 complaint is made.” Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 1978). 13 Moreover, supervisory personnel are generally not liable under § 1983 for the actions of 14 their employees under a theory of respondeat superior and, therefore, when a named defendant 15 holds a supervisorial position, the causal link between him and the claimed constitutional 16 violation must be specifically alleged. See Fayle v. Stapley, 607 F.2d 858, 862 (9th Cir. 1979); 17 Mosher v. Saalfeld, 589 F.2d 438, 441 (9th Cir. 1978). Vague and conclusory allegations 18 concerning the involvement of official personnel in civil rights violations are not sufficient. See 19 Ivey v. Board of Regents, 673 F.2d 266, 268 (9th Cir. 1982). 20 I. Allegations in the Complaint 21 Plaintiff alleges the events giving rise to the claim occurred while he was a county inmate. 22 (ECF No. 1 at 2.) Plaintiff has identified the following defendants: (1) Revenue Recovery; (2) 23 Melina Turpin; (3) Ben Lemera; and (4) Kirsten Ireton. (Id. at 1.) 24 Plaintiff states his “stimulus economic impact payment checks” were sent from the 25 location he was housed at when he filed the complaint, to the Sacramento County Mail Jail and 26 were then removed from his account. (Id. at 3.) He seeks the return of the funds as well as 27 additional damages from each defendant. (Id. at 4.) 28 //// 1 II. Does Plaintiff State a Claim under § 1983? 2 The Due Process Clause protects inmates from unauthorized deductions. Vance v. 3 Barrett, 345 F.3d 1083, 1090-91 (9th Cir. 2003) (deductions from prisoner’s accounts without 4 statutory authorization required procedural safeguards); Wright v. Riveland, 219 F.3d 905, 913 5 (9th Cir. 2000) (“inmates have a protectable property interest in funds received from outside 6 sources”). A state agency “violates the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment when 7 it prescribes and enforces forfeitures of propery ‘[w]ithout underlying [statutory] authority and 8 competent procedural protections.’” Nevada Dep’t of Corr. v. Green, 648 F.3d 1014, 1019 (9th 9 Cir. 2011) (quoting Vance v. Barrett, 345 F.3d 1083, 1090 (9th Cir. 2003)). 10 However, the Due Process Clause is not violated by the random, unauthorized deprivation 11 of property so long as the state provides an adequate post-deprivation remedy. Hudson v. Palmer, 12 468 U.S. 517, 533 (1984). “California provides an adequate post deprivation remedy for any 13 property deprivations.” Barnett v. Centoni, 31 F.3d 813, 816-17 (9th Cir. 1994). 14 Because California provides a remedy for tort claims against public officials, plaintiff’s 15 allegation fails to state a cognizable section 1983 claim. See Perryman v. Cal. Dept. of Corr. 16 Rehab., No. 2:21-cv-0337 KJN P, 2021 WL 5966235, at *3 (E.D. Cal. Nov. 4, 2021) (allegation 17 that prison staff were taking funds from plaintiff’s stimulus checks fails to state a claim because 18 plaintiff is required to seek redress in state court); Argel v. Godwin, No. 1:21-cv-0597 NONE 19 BAM (PC), 2021 WL 4924979, at *9 (E.D. Cal. Oct. 21, 2021) (allegation that plaintiff was 20 deprived of stimulus funds not cognizable because California offers an adequate post-deprivation 21 remedy). 22 III. No Leave to Amend 23 As set forth above, the complaint fails to state a cognizable claim. The undersigned has 24 carefully considered whether plaintiff may amend the complaint to state a claim upon which relief 25 can be granted. “Valid reasons for denying leave to amend include undue delay, bad faith, 26 prejudice, and futility.” California Architectural Bldg. Prod. v. Franciscan Ceramics, 818 F.2d 27 1466, 1472 (9th Cir. 1988); see also Klamath-Lake Pharm. Ass’n v. Klamath Med. Serv. Bureau, 28 701 F.2d 1276, 1293 (9th Cir. 1983) (holding that while leave to amend shall be freely given, the 1 | court does not have to allow futile amendments). Here, given that plaintiffs sole claim for relief 2 | is not cognizable in a § 1983 action, the undersigned finds that granting leave to amend would be 3 | futile. 4 IN FORMA PAUPERIS 5 Plaintiff submitted an affidavit and prison trust account statement that makes the showing 6 || required by 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a). CECF No. 2.) Nevertheless, because the court recommends 7 || dismissal of this action without leave to amend, the court further recommends that plaintiff's 8 || request to proceed in forma pauperis be denied as moot. 9 CONCLUSION 10 For the reasons set forth above, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court 11 | shall randomly assign a district judge to this action. 12 IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that: 13 1. The motion to proceed in forma pauperis (ECF No. 2) be denied as moot; and 14 2. The complaint (ECF No. 1) be dismissed without leave to amend. 15 These findings and recommendations will be submitted to the United States District Judge 16 || assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Within twenty (20) days 17 || after being served with these findings and recommendations, plaintiff may file written objections 18 || with the court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge's Findings 19 | and Recommendations.” Plaintiff is advised that failure to file objections within the specified 20 || time may result in waiver of the right to appeal the district court’s order. Martinez v. Ylst, 951 21 | F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991). 22 || Dated: April 19, 2022
24 5 -BORAH BARNES UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 26 DB:12 27 || DB/DB Prisoner Inbox/Civil Rights/S/zava0050.scrn fr 28