1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 RONALD DEAN YANDELL, No. 2:21-cv-0469 DAD AC P 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER AND FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 14 DONALD WASHINGTON, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 Plaintiff is both a state prisoner and a federal pretrial detainee, who brought this pro se 18 action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 to challenge the conditions of his pretrial detention at the 19 Sacramento County Jail. Before the court are two motions: (1) defendant Jones’ motion to 20 dismiss plaintiff’s claim for injunctive relief, ECF No. 33; and (2) plaintiff’s “motion for non- 21 mutual issue preclusion to reinstate claims,” ECF No. 49. 22 I. BACKGROUND 23 Plaintiff filed the initial complaint in this case while he was housed at the Sacramento 24 County Jail in relation to his prosecution in Case No. 2:19-cr-00107 KJM, charging plaintiff and 25 others with offenses including racketeering conspiracy, conspiracy to commit murder, and 26 multiple drug offenses. On screening pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a), the initial complaint was 27 found not to state a claim for relief. ECF No. 8. Plaintiff’s motion for a preliminary injunction 28 was denied. ECF Nos. 10, 12. 1 Plaintiff was given the opportunity to file an amended complaint, which he did. ECF No. 2 11. The first amended complaint was screened and found not to state a claim for relief, and 3 plaintiff was granted leave to file a second amended complaint. ECF No. 13. On screening of the 4 second amended complaint, ECF No. 14, the undersigned found that plaintiff had stated a claim 5 for violation of his First Amendment right to the free exercise of religion, based on the allegations 6 that plaintiff had been denied access to vegetarian meals that he had requested to accommodate 7 his Buddhist faith. ECF No. 15. It was recommended that the case proceed on that claim only, 8 against defendant Chaplain Toliver for damages and against Sheriff Jones for purposes of 9 injunctive relief only. Id. The district judge formerly assigned to the case adopted the Findings 10 and Recommendations, and all other claims and defendants were dismissed. ECF No. 17. 11 II. MOTION TO DISMISS (ECF No. 33) 12 Defendant Jones moves to dismiss the claim for injunctive relief on grounds that plaintiff 13 has been transferred to California State Prison – Sacramento, and the claim is therefore moot. 14 ECF No. 33-1 (points and authorities in support of motion). Plaintiff filed an opposition to the 15 motion, ECF No. 38, and defendant replied, ECF No. 39. 16 Defendant Jones was the proper defendant for purposes of injunctive relief—and was 17 served in his official capacity for this purpose only—because, had plaintiff prevailed on his free 18 exercise claim while housed at the Sacramento Main Jail, the Sheriff would have been the official 19 with authority to ensure compliance with an injunction requiring vegetarian meals. See Will v. 20 Michigan Dep’t of State Police, 491 U.S. 58, 71 n.10 (1989); Hartmann v. Cal. Dep’t of Corr. & 21 Rehab., 707 F.3d 1114, 1127 (9th Cir. 2013). Plaintiff, however, is no longer housed at the 22 Sacramento Main Jail. See ECF No. 29 (notice of change of address to CSP-SAC). Neither 23 Sheriff Jones nor his successor, nor any Sacramento County official, has the ability to provide 24 vegetarian meals now that plaintiff is no longer housed in a facility run by the County. 25 When an inmate challenges prison conditions at a particular correctional facility, and then 26 is transferred from the facility with no reasonable expectation of returning, any claim for 27 injunctive relief becomes moot. See Pride v. Correa, 719 F.3d 1130, 1138 (9th Cir. 2013); 28 Nelson v. Heiss, 271 F.3d 891, 897 (9th Cir. 2001); Johnson v. Moore, 948 F.2d 517, 519 (9th 1 Cir. 1991). To the extent that plaintiff seeks prospective injunctive relief in the form of religious 2 meals, he can no longer obtain that relief from defendant Jones or any appropriately substituted 3 official. Because the claim for injunctive relief is moot, Jones should be dismissed from this 4 action. 5 Granting Jones’ motion will have no effect on plaintiff’s First Amendment claim for 6 damages against Chaplain Toliver, the individual who is alleged to have personally violated 7 plaintiff’s rights. Plaintiff’s opposition to the motion reflects the erroneous belief that the motion 8 seeks dismissal of the free exercise claim in its entirety against both defendants. ECF No. 38. 9 Only Jones has moved for dismissal, and the claim is moot only insofar as it is stated against him 10 for purposes of injunctive relief. If the district judge adopts the recommendation to grant Jones’s 11 motion, plaintiff will still be able to proceed on his claim that Toliver violated his First 12 Amendment rights. 13 III. MOTION TO REINSTATE CLAIMS (ECF No. 49) 14 Plaintiff seeks “non-mutual issue preclusion to reinstate claims.” ECF No. 49. In 15 opposition, defendants argue that the motion is procedurally improper because plaintiff identifies 16 no procedural vehicle or legal basis for the relief he seeks. See ECF No. 50. It is indeed the case 17 that plaintiff’s motion is based on no identifiable rule of civil procedure. The issue that plaintiff 18 seeks to present is clear, however, in light of the procedural history of this case. 19 Some of the claims that were dismissed from plaintiff’s case on screening were 20 substantially similar to those presented by the case of a co-defendant, Pat Brady,1 and in Brady’s 21 case the Ninth Circuit ruled on appeal from dismissal that some of those claims had been 22 screened out in error. See Brady v. Jones, Case No. 2:21-cv-0489 TLN AC, ECF No. 32 23 (reversing dismissal of claims related to placement in the Total Separation Unit and interference 24 with confidential legal visits). Plaintiff wants these claims to be restored to his complaint as they
25 1 Both plaintiff and Brady are defendants in an ongoing Aryan brotherhood conspiracy 26 prosecution, Case No. 2:19-cr-00107 KJM. While housed at the Sacramento Main Jail, they and other codefendants were subject to heightened security provisions and experienced chronic 27 problems meeting confidentially with their lawyers. Common issues regarding their conditions of confinement and access to counsel were raised both in the criminal case and via separate civil 28 rights lawsuits. 1 have been restored in Brady’s case, which was reopened on remand. Plaintiff brought this motion 2 promptly following the Ninth Circuit’s decision in Brady. 3 This court has dismissed plaintiff’s claims alleging that his due process rights were 4 violated by placement in the Total Separation Unit (Claim One) and that his right to confidential 5 legal visits was violated (Claim Two). ECF Nos. 15, 17. The law of the case doctrine provides 6 that “a court is generally precluded from reconsidering an issue that has already been decided by 7 the same court, or a higher court in the identical case.” United States v. Alexander, 106 F.3d 874, 8 876 (9th Cir. 1997).
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 RONALD DEAN YANDELL, No. 2:21-cv-0469 DAD AC P 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER AND FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 14 DONALD WASHINGTON, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 Plaintiff is both a state prisoner and a federal pretrial detainee, who brought this pro se 18 action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 to challenge the conditions of his pretrial detention at the 19 Sacramento County Jail. Before the court are two motions: (1) defendant Jones’ motion to 20 dismiss plaintiff’s claim for injunctive relief, ECF No. 33; and (2) plaintiff’s “motion for non- 21 mutual issue preclusion to reinstate claims,” ECF No. 49. 22 I. BACKGROUND 23 Plaintiff filed the initial complaint in this case while he was housed at the Sacramento 24 County Jail in relation to his prosecution in Case No. 2:19-cr-00107 KJM, charging plaintiff and 25 others with offenses including racketeering conspiracy, conspiracy to commit murder, and 26 multiple drug offenses. On screening pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a), the initial complaint was 27 found not to state a claim for relief. ECF No. 8. Plaintiff’s motion for a preliminary injunction 28 was denied. ECF Nos. 10, 12. 1 Plaintiff was given the opportunity to file an amended complaint, which he did. ECF No. 2 11. The first amended complaint was screened and found not to state a claim for relief, and 3 plaintiff was granted leave to file a second amended complaint. ECF No. 13. On screening of the 4 second amended complaint, ECF No. 14, the undersigned found that plaintiff had stated a claim 5 for violation of his First Amendment right to the free exercise of religion, based on the allegations 6 that plaintiff had been denied access to vegetarian meals that he had requested to accommodate 7 his Buddhist faith. ECF No. 15. It was recommended that the case proceed on that claim only, 8 against defendant Chaplain Toliver for damages and against Sheriff Jones for purposes of 9 injunctive relief only. Id. The district judge formerly assigned to the case adopted the Findings 10 and Recommendations, and all other claims and defendants were dismissed. ECF No. 17. 11 II. MOTION TO DISMISS (ECF No. 33) 12 Defendant Jones moves to dismiss the claim for injunctive relief on grounds that plaintiff 13 has been transferred to California State Prison – Sacramento, and the claim is therefore moot. 14 ECF No. 33-1 (points and authorities in support of motion). Plaintiff filed an opposition to the 15 motion, ECF No. 38, and defendant replied, ECF No. 39. 16 Defendant Jones was the proper defendant for purposes of injunctive relief—and was 17 served in his official capacity for this purpose only—because, had plaintiff prevailed on his free 18 exercise claim while housed at the Sacramento Main Jail, the Sheriff would have been the official 19 with authority to ensure compliance with an injunction requiring vegetarian meals. See Will v. 20 Michigan Dep’t of State Police, 491 U.S. 58, 71 n.10 (1989); Hartmann v. Cal. Dep’t of Corr. & 21 Rehab., 707 F.3d 1114, 1127 (9th Cir. 2013). Plaintiff, however, is no longer housed at the 22 Sacramento Main Jail. See ECF No. 29 (notice of change of address to CSP-SAC). Neither 23 Sheriff Jones nor his successor, nor any Sacramento County official, has the ability to provide 24 vegetarian meals now that plaintiff is no longer housed in a facility run by the County. 25 When an inmate challenges prison conditions at a particular correctional facility, and then 26 is transferred from the facility with no reasonable expectation of returning, any claim for 27 injunctive relief becomes moot. See Pride v. Correa, 719 F.3d 1130, 1138 (9th Cir. 2013); 28 Nelson v. Heiss, 271 F.3d 891, 897 (9th Cir. 2001); Johnson v. Moore, 948 F.2d 517, 519 (9th 1 Cir. 1991). To the extent that plaintiff seeks prospective injunctive relief in the form of religious 2 meals, he can no longer obtain that relief from defendant Jones or any appropriately substituted 3 official. Because the claim for injunctive relief is moot, Jones should be dismissed from this 4 action. 5 Granting Jones’ motion will have no effect on plaintiff’s First Amendment claim for 6 damages against Chaplain Toliver, the individual who is alleged to have personally violated 7 plaintiff’s rights. Plaintiff’s opposition to the motion reflects the erroneous belief that the motion 8 seeks dismissal of the free exercise claim in its entirety against both defendants. ECF No. 38. 9 Only Jones has moved for dismissal, and the claim is moot only insofar as it is stated against him 10 for purposes of injunctive relief. If the district judge adopts the recommendation to grant Jones’s 11 motion, plaintiff will still be able to proceed on his claim that Toliver violated his First 12 Amendment rights. 13 III. MOTION TO REINSTATE CLAIMS (ECF No. 49) 14 Plaintiff seeks “non-mutual issue preclusion to reinstate claims.” ECF No. 49. In 15 opposition, defendants argue that the motion is procedurally improper because plaintiff identifies 16 no procedural vehicle or legal basis for the relief he seeks. See ECF No. 50. It is indeed the case 17 that plaintiff’s motion is based on no identifiable rule of civil procedure. The issue that plaintiff 18 seeks to present is clear, however, in light of the procedural history of this case. 19 Some of the claims that were dismissed from plaintiff’s case on screening were 20 substantially similar to those presented by the case of a co-defendant, Pat Brady,1 and in Brady’s 21 case the Ninth Circuit ruled on appeal from dismissal that some of those claims had been 22 screened out in error. See Brady v. Jones, Case No. 2:21-cv-0489 TLN AC, ECF No. 32 23 (reversing dismissal of claims related to placement in the Total Separation Unit and interference 24 with confidential legal visits). Plaintiff wants these claims to be restored to his complaint as they
25 1 Both plaintiff and Brady are defendants in an ongoing Aryan brotherhood conspiracy 26 prosecution, Case No. 2:19-cr-00107 KJM. While housed at the Sacramento Main Jail, they and other codefendants were subject to heightened security provisions and experienced chronic 27 problems meeting confidentially with their lawyers. Common issues regarding their conditions of confinement and access to counsel were raised both in the criminal case and via separate civil 28 rights lawsuits. 1 have been restored in Brady’s case, which was reopened on remand. Plaintiff brought this motion 2 promptly following the Ninth Circuit’s decision in Brady. 3 This court has dismissed plaintiff’s claims alleging that his due process rights were 4 violated by placement in the Total Separation Unit (Claim One) and that his right to confidential 5 legal visits was violated (Claim Two). ECF Nos. 15, 17. The law of the case doctrine provides 6 that “a court is generally precluded from reconsidering an issue that has already been decided by 7 the same court, or a higher court in the identical case.” United States v. Alexander, 106 F.3d 874, 8 876 (9th Cir. 1997). A motion for reconsideration generally should not be granted unless the 9 district court is presented with newly discovered evidence, has committed clear error, or there has 10 been an intervening change in the controlling law. Marlyn Nutraceuticals, Inc. v. Mucos Pharma 11 GmbH & Co., 571 F.3d 873, 880 (9th Cir. 2009). A party seeking reconsideration must do more 12 than disagree with the court’s decision or recapitulate that which the court has previously 13 considered. United States v. Westlands Water Dist., 134 F.Supp.2d 1111, 1131 (E.D. Cal. 2001). 14 Nor can a reconsideration motion “be used to raise arguments or present evidence for the first 15 time when they could reasonably have been raised earlier in the litigation.” Marlyn 16 Nutraceuticals, 571 F.3d at 880. “To succeed, a party must set forth facts or law of a strongly 17 convincing nature to induce the court to reverse its prior decision.” Westlands Water Dist., 134 18 F.Supp.2d at 1131 (internal citations omitted). 19 Plaintiff asserts “issue preclusion” as a basis for reinstatement of his dismissed claims. 20 Issue preclusion, like claim preclusion, is a form of res judicata. Only final judgments can have 21 preclusive effect. See Taylor v. Sturgell, 553 U.S. 880 (2008); Hydranautics v. FilmTec Corp., 22 204 F.3d 880, 885 (9th Cir. 2000). There has been no final judgment in the Brady case. 23 However, it is possible that the Ninth Circuit’s memorandum opinion in that case demonstrates 24 the existence of clear error in the screening of plaintiff’s second amended complaint. That 25 question, which goes to application of the law of the case doctrine, has not been properly 26 presented to this court and the undersigned expresses no opinion on the merits of the matter. 27 The motion at ECF No. 49 will therefore be denied as procedurally improper, without 28 prejudice to a motion for reconsideration and to amend the complaint. Plaintiff is informed that if 1 || he brings a motion to amend pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2) , he must provide as an 2 || attachment to the motion a proposed third amended complaint that includes the claims he wishes 3 || to “reinstate” as well as reproducing the free exercise claim that has already been found suitable 4 || to proceed.” Such a motion should explain why an exception to the law of the case doctrine is 5 || appropriate. 6 CONCLUSION 7 For the reasons explained above, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the motion at ECF No. 8 | 491s DENIED as procedurally improper, without prejudice to a motion for leave to amend which 9 || is supported by a proposed amended pleading. 10 IT IS FURTHER RECOMMENDED that: 1] 1. Defendant Jones’s motion to dismiss, ECF No. 33, be GRANTED; 12 2. Defendant Jones be terminated from this action; and 13 3. Plaintiffs First Amendment free exercise claim be dismissed as moot only insofar as it 14 seeks injunctive relief. 15 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge 16 || assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Within fourteen (14) 17 || days after being served with these findings and recommendations, plaintiff may file written 18 || objections with the court and serve a copy on all parties. Such a document should be captioned 19 || “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” Plaintiff is advised that 20 || failure to file objections within the specified time may waive the right to appeal the District 21 | Court’s order. Martinez v. YIst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991). 22 | DATED: November 14, 2023 23 _CMtrn— Chere ALLISON CLAIRE 24 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 25 | 2 As plaintiff has been previously advised, the court cannot refer to a prior pleading in order to 26 || make an amended pleading complete. Local Rule 220 requires that an amended complaint be complete in itself without reference to any prior pleading. This is because, as a general rule, an 27 || amended complaint supersedes its predecessor. See Loux v. Rhay, 375 F.2d 55, 57 (9th Cir. 1967) (citations omitted), overruled in part by Lacey v. Maricopa County, 693 F.3d 896, 928 (9th 28 | Cir. 2012).