1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 COLLIN WILLIAMS, Case No. 1:18-cv-00611-JLT-BAM (PC) 12 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING DEFENDANTS’ MOTION 13 v. FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT 14 NAVARRO, et al., (ECF No. 29) 15 Defendants. FOURTEEN (14) DAY DEADLINE 16 17 I. Background 18 Plaintiff Collin Williams (“Plaintiff”) is a state prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma 19 pauperis in this civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. This action proceeds on 20 Plaintiff’s complaint against Defendants Santiesteban1 and Cortez for excessive force in violation 21 of the Eighth Amendment; (2) Defendants Navarro and Sanchez for failure to intervene in 22 violation of the Eighth Amendment; (3) Defendants Navarro, Andrzejewski,2 and Brown for 23 deliberate indifference in violation of the Eighth Amendment; (4) Defendants Santiesteban and 24 Cortez for assault and battery in violation of state law; and (5) Defendants Andrzejewski and 25 Brown for medical negligence in violation of state law. 26 On July 31, 2019, Defendants Andrzejewski, Santiesteban, Cortez, Navarro, Sanchez, 27 1 Sued as “Santiestban.” 28 2 Sued as “Andrezejewski.” 1 and Brown (“Defendants”) filed a motion for summary judgment on the grounds that Plaintiff 2 failed to exhaust administrative remedies for the federal claims asserted against them, as required 3 by the Prison Litigation Reform Act, and for failure to comply with the California Government 4 Claims Act requirements for his state law claims.3 Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c), Albino v. Baca, 747 F.3d 5 1162, 1166 (9th Cir. 2014) (en banc), cert. denied, 574 U.S. 968 (2014). (ECF No. 29.) Plaintiff 6 filed an opposition on August 29, 2019. (ECF No. 31.) Defendants did not file a reply. 7 The motion for summary judgment is deemed submitted. L.R. 230(l). 8 II. Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment 9 A. Statutory Exhaustion Requirement 10 Section 1997e(a) of the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides that “[n]o action 11 shall be brought with respect to prison conditions under [42 U.S.C. § 1983], or any other Federal 12 law, by a prisoner confined in any jail, prison, or other correctional facility until such 13 administrative remedies as are available are exhausted.” 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). Exhaustion is 14 required regardless of the relief sought by the prisoner and regardless of the relief offered by the 15 process, Booth v. Churner, 532 U.S. 731, 741 (2001), and the exhaustion requirement applies to 16 all prisoner suits relating to prison life, Porter v. Nussle, 534 U.S. 516, 532 (2002). 17 The failure to exhaust is an affirmative defense, and the defendants bear the burden of 18 raising and proving the absence of exhaustion. Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199, 216 (2007); Albino, 19 747 F.3d at 1166. “In the rare event that a failure to exhaust is clear on the face of the complaint, 20 a defendant may move for dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6).” Albino, 747 F.3d at 1166. Otherwise, 21 the defendants must produce evidence proving the failure to exhaust, and they are entitled to 22 summary judgment under Rule 56 only if the undisputed evidence, viewed in the light most 23 favorable to the plaintiff, shows he failed to exhaust. Id. 24 Defendants must first prove that there was an available administrative remedy and that 25 Plaintiff did not exhaust that available remedy. Williams v. Paramo, 775 F.3d 1182, 1191 (9th 26 3 Concurrent with this motion, Plaintiff was provided with notice of the requirements for opposing a 27 motion for summary judgment. See Woods v. Carey, 684 F.3d 934 (9th Cir. 2012); Rand v. Rowland, 154 F.3d 952, 957 (9th Cir. 1988); Klingele v. Eikenberry, 849 F.2d 409, 411–12 (9th Cir. 1988). (ECF No. 28 29-3.) 1 Cir. 2015) (citing Albino, 747 F.3d at 1172) (quotation marks omitted). The burden then shifts to 2 Plaintiff to show something in his particular case made the existing and generally available 3 administrative remedies effectively unavailable to him. Williams, 775 F.3d at 1191 (citing Albino, 4 747 F.3d at 1172) (quotation marks omitted). The ultimate burden of proof on the issue of 5 exhaustion remains with Defendants. Id. (quotation marks omitted). 6 B. Summary Judgment Standard 7 Any party may move for summary judgment, and the Court shall grant summary judgment 8 if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is 9 entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a) (quotation marks omitted); Albino, 10 747 F.3d at 1166; Wash. Mut. Inc. v. United States, 636 F.3d 1207, 1216 (9th Cir. 2011). Each 11 party’s position, whether it be that a fact is disputed or undisputed, must be supported by (1) 12 citing to particular parts of materials in the record, including but not limited to depositions, 13 documents, declarations, or discovery; or (2) showing that the materials cited do not establish the 14 presence or absence of a genuine dispute or that the opposing party cannot produce admissible 15 evidence to support the fact. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1) (quotation marks omitted). The Court may 16 consider other materials in the record not cited to by the parties, although it is not required to do 17 so. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(3); Carmen v. S.F. Unified Sch. Dist., 237 F.3d 1026, 1031 (9th Cir. 18 2001); accord Simmons v. Navajo Cty., Ariz., 609 F.3d 1011, 1017 (9th Cir. 2010). 19 The defendant bears the burden of proof in moving for summary judgment for failure to 20 exhaust, Albino, 747 F.3d at 1166, and he must “prove that there was an available administrative 21 remedy, and that the prisoner did not exhaust that available remedy,” id. at 1172. If the defendant 22 carries his burden, the burden of production shifts to the plaintiff “to come forward with evidence 23 showing that there is something in his particular case that made the existing and generally 24 available administrative remedies effectively unavailable to him.” Id. “If undisputed evidence 25 viewed in the light most favorable to the prisoner shows a failure to exhaust, a defendant is 26 entitled to summary judgment under Rule 56.” Id. at 1166. However, “[i]f material facts are 27 disputed, summary judgment should be denied, and the district judge rather than a jury should 28 determine the facts.” Id. 1 III. Discussion 2 A. Summary of CDCR’s Administrative Review Process 3 Until September 1, 2017, all inmate grievances – including health care grievances – were 4 governed by the same provisions of the California Code of Regulations, title 15, §§ 3084-3086. 5 See Gallardo v. Bourne, No. 20-CV-09184 JSW, 2023 WL 3569997, at *10 (N.D. Cal. May 19, 6 2023). Under these regulations, appeals were subject to three levels of administrative review 7 before administrative remedies were deemed exhausted. Cal. Code Regs. tit. 15, § 3084.7. The 8 process was initiated by submitting a CDCR Form 602, Inmate/Parolee Appeal. Id. at § 3084.2(a). 9 In the appeal form, prisoners must list all staff members involved and describe their involvement 10 in the issue. Id. at § 3084.2(a)(3). If the inmate does not have the requested identifying 11 information about the staff member, he must provide any other available information that would 12 assist the appeals coordinator in making a reasonable attempt to identify the staff member in 13 question. Id. 14 After September 1, 2017, inmate health care grievances were governed by a separate set 15 of regulations, which can now be found at Title 15, §§ 3999.225-3999.237, of the California Code 16 of Regulations. Whereas the process previously provided for three levels of administrative 17 review for health care appeals, the new regulations involve only two levels, an institutional level 18 of review and a headquarters level of review. Id. § 3999.226(a)(1). Health care grievances are 19 exhausted only after headquarters completes its review. Id. § 3999.226(g). Like section 3084.2, 20 section 3999.227(g) requires inmates to “document clearly and coherently all information known 21 and available” to the inmate when preparing and submitting a health care grievance. Id. § 22 3999.227(g). This includes identifying “any involved staff member’s last name, first initial, title 23 or position, and the date(s) and description of their involvement.” Id. § 3999.227(g)(1). 24 B. Relevant Allegations in the Operative Complaint 25 This action proceeds on Plaintiff’s complaint filed on May 3, 2018, for the following: (1) 26 excessive force in violation of the Eighth Amendment against Defendants Santiesteban and 27 Cortez; (2) failure to intervene in the use of excessive force in violation of the Eighth Amendment 28 against Defendants Navarro and Sanchez; (3) Deliberate indifference to serious medical needs 1 against Defendants Navarro, Andrzejewski, and Brown; (4) assault and battery against 2 Defendants Santiesteban and Cortez; and (5) medical negligence against Defendants 3 Andrezjewski and Brown. (ECF No. 12.) 4 Plaintiff alleges that on December 7, 2017, at approximately 8:30 a.m., he told Defendant 5 Sanchez that he was going to file a staff complaint against him for harassment. That same day, at 6 approximately 9:40 a.m., Defendants Navarro, Cortez, and Santiesteban came to Plaintiff’s cell. 7 Plaintiff asked what was going on, but did not receive a response. Defendant Sanchez then 8 opened Plaintiff’s cell door, and Defendant Navarro told Plaintiff to cuff up. Plaintiff immediately 9 complied. 10 After handcuffs were applied, Defendants Cortez and Santiesteban escorted Plaintiff 11 downstairs to the lower shower, where Plaintiff was locked inside. Plaintiff again asked 12 Defendants Cortez and Santiesteban what was going on, but he received no answer. Plaintiff was 13 told to strip out, and Plaintiff complied by taking off all of his clothes and placing them on the 14 shower bars. After a strip search, Plaintiff received his clothing and dressed. Plaintiff also asked 15 why he was strip searched. Defendant Santiesteban told Plaintiff that they did not need a reason. 16 Plaintiff and his cell were searched, but found clean. However, Defendants Navarro, 17 Cortez and Santiesteban returned and told Plaintiff to strip out again. Plaintiff submitted to the 18 second strip search. Plaintiff also asked Defendant Navarro for an explanation, and Defendant 19 Navarro replied that asking questions only made it worse. 20 Plaintiff advised all three defendants that he would be filing a complaint regarding his 21 treatment. Defendant Cortez stated that Plaintiff wanted to play the paperwork game. Defendant 22 Navarro then called a meeting with Defendants Cortez, Sanchez and Santiesteban. After the 23 meeting, Defendant Navarro stated, “This is my yard. Bad choice Mr. Williams. My officers 24 always win the paperwork game.” (ECF No. 1 at 5.) Plaintiff heard Defendant Santiesteban tell 25 Defendant Sanchez, “the regular slam dunk.” (Id.) Defendant Sanchez then stated, “Let me lock 26 up all the porters and kitchen workers.” (Id.) 27 After the porters and kitchen workers were in their cells, Defendants Cortez and 28 Santiesteban returned to the shower and Plaintiff was directed to turn around and walk 1 backwards. Plaintiff complied. Defendant Cortez grabbed Plaintiff’s left arm and Defendant 2 Santiesteban grabbed Plaintiff’s right arm. Defendant Navarro stood next to the floor staff office, 3 watching Plaintiff. As Defendants Cortez and Santiesteban began escorting Plaintiff across the 4 section. As they approached the rotunda, Defendant Cortez told Defendant Santiesteban, “Take 5 him down, and make it look good on paper!!” (Id. at 6.) About two feet into the rotunda area, 6 Defendant Santiesteban grabbed Plaintiff, lifted him approximately three feet up in the air and 7 body slammed him headfirst into the concrete. Defendant Cortez then placed his knees in 8 Plaintiff’s back, making Plaintiff feel paralyzed because Defendant Cortez hit a nerve in 9 Plaintiff’s spinal cord. Plaintiff then heard Defendant Santiesteban yell, “so you want to still file a 10 602 mother….” (Id.) Defendant Santiesteban punched Plaintiff twice in the right eye while 11 Defendant Cortez kept his knees in Plaintiff’s back. 12 Plaintiff began to scream as blood began to run down his forehead into his right eye. 13 Defendant Cortez told Plaintiff to stop resisting and began to elbow Plaintiff in the back of the 14 head. Defendant Santiesteban kicked Plaintiff four times in the right rib cage and once in the face. 15 Defendant Santiesteban yelled to Defendant Navarro for Defendant Sanchez to hit the alarm 16 button. 17 After Defendant Sanchez hit the alarm, other staff entered the rotunda, including 18 Defendant Navarro. Defendant Navarro ensured that Plaintiff was taken to the gym and placed in 19 a holding cage. While Plaintiff was in the cage, Defendant Navarro began to brag and mock 20 Plaintiff. For over two hours, Plaintiff stood in the gym with blood on his face. Defendant 21 Navarro stated that Plaintiff refused medical attention from Defendants Andrezjewski and Brown, 22 which was not true or correct. Although Plaintiff was never seen by Defendants Andrezjewski or 23 Brown, both nurses completed a medical report of injuries and failed to report that Plaintiff was 24 suffering from multiple serious injuries to his head, face, ribs and back. Plaintiff did not receive 25 medical treatment while in the holding cage. Plaintiff begged for care, but was only allowed a 26 blue shirt to wipe the blood off his head and face. 27 Hours later, Plaintiff was removed from the gym and taken to ASU-1. Plaintiff explained 28 to every staff member that he had been badly beaten by officers and needed medical treatment. 1 While in the ASU-1 holding cage, Nurse Torres told Plaintiff that he had serious wounds to his 2 face and head and to put in a sick call slip. The next day, Plaintiff could barely move. 3 After Plaintiff received a fabricated rules violation report and fabricated medical reports, 4 Plaintiff filed a 602 for staff abuse. On December 22, 2017, Lieutenant Watkins called Nurse 5 Torres, who claimed that she could only document injuries that she could see. However, 6 Plaintiff’s injuries and wounds were still massive, and were videotaped and recorded by 7 Lieutenant Watkins. 8 C. Undisputed Material Facts (UMF)4 9 1. Plaintiff brought his complaint on May 3, 2018. (ECF No. 1.) 10 2. Non-health care inmate appeals are appropriate for allegations of excessive force, 11 failure-to-protect, retaliation, or any other alleged misconduct by correctional officers 12 or their superiors. (ECF No. 29-1, Attachment 1, D. Foston Decl. ¶ 2; Attachment 2, 13 D. Goree Decl. ¶ 2.) 14 3. Non-health care inmate appeals are review by the institution Appeals Office and the 15 Office of Appeals. (Foston Decl. ¶ 2; Goree Decl. ¶ 2) 16 4. When an inmate submits an appeal that does not comply with regulations governing 17 the appeal process, the Appeals Coordinator will reject (or “screen out”) and return the 18 appeal with the reason for the screening, and instructions on how to correct the defect, 19 if correction is possible. (Foston Decl. ¶ 4; Goree Decl. ¶ 5.) 20 5. When the Appeals Office receives an inmate appeal, the policy and practice is for an 21 Appeals Coordinator to assign a log number and make an initial provisional 22 determination of the issue raised by the appeal. (Goree Decl. ¶ 5.) 23 6. Appeals involving inmate medical, dental and mental-health care issues have been 24 processed by the California Correctional Health Care Services (CCHCS), under the 25 Office of the Federal Receiver appointed in the class-action litigation regarding prison 26 4 ECF No. 29-2 and ECF No. 31. Plaintiff “admits” to Defendants’ “undisputed statement of facts.” (ECF 27 No. 31, p. 1.) Defendants’ Statement of Undisputed Material Facts (Doc. 29-2) in support of his motion for summary judgment is therefore accepted. 28 . 1 health care, Plata v. Newsom, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of 2 California, Case No. 3:01-cv-01351. (ECF No. 29-2, Attachment 3, S. Gates Decl. ¶ 3 3.) 4 7. All levels of health care appeals/grievances, including the institutional and 5 headquarters levels of review, are tracked through a computer database known as the 6 Health Care Appeals and Risk Tracking System (HCARTS). This system tracks 7 inmate health care appeals/grievances that were received and ultimately rejected and 8 the reason for the rejection. (Gates Decl. ¶ 4.) 9 8. All health care appeals/grievances are subject to a headquarters level of review, either 10 a headquarters’ review or a third level review, before administrative remedies are 11 deemed exhausted. (Gates Decl. ¶¶ 6-7.) 12 9. Between December 7, 2017 and May 3, 2018, Plaintiff did not submit an appeal that 13 was accepted for a third and final level of review related to the allegations raised in 14 Plaintiff’s Complaint. Plaintiff also did not submit an appeal that was accepted for a 15 third and final level review against Defendants Andrzejewski, Brown, Cortez, 16 Navarro, Sanchez and Santiesteban. (Foston Decl. ¶¶ 7-9; Gates Decl. ¶¶ 8-9.) 17 10. Plaintiff did not submit any health care inmate appeals between December 7, 2017 and 18 May 3, 2018. (Gates Decl. ¶¶ 8-9.) 19 11. Between December 7, 2017 and May 3, 2018, Plaintiff submitted one inmate appeal 20 related to the allegations raised in Plaintiff’s Complaint or against Defendants. This 21 inmate appeal, log number CSPC-7-18-00207, dated January 1, 2018, has had a 22 delayed response and is pending. The first level of review was bypassed. On January 23 11, 2018, Plaintiff was informed that his inmate appeal was assigned for review as a 24 staff complaint at the second level of review. On February 20, 2018, Plaintiff was sent 25 notice that there was an exceptional delay in review of his appeal due to the 26 complexity of the decision, action, or policy and that the due date was extended. 27 Similar notices of delay were sent to Plaintiff on April 3, 2018, June 26, 2018, August 28 8, 2018, September 19, 2018, November 1, 2018, December 17, 2018, March 18, 1 2019, and April 30, 2019. On June 11, 2019, an additional notice extending the 2 response time was sent to Plaintiff. (Goree Decl. ¶¶ 7-10 & Exhibit A; Complaint at ¶ 3 47; ECF No. 1 at p. 9:24; see also ECF No.1, Compl., pp. 17-18; ECF No. 31, pp. 8- 4 185.) 5 12. Plaintiff filed one California Government Claim Form with the Government Claims 6 Program, which was blank as to the State agencies or employees against whom the 7 claim was filed, date of incident, location of incident, description of the specific 8 damage or injury, circumstances that led to the damage or injury, and explanation as to 9 why the State is responsible for the damage or injury. (ECF No. 29-2, Attachment 4, 10 M. Rodriguez Decl. & Ex.) 11 D. Discussion 12 1. Parties’ Positions 13 Defendants contend that Plaintiff did not exhaust the administrative process against any 14 defendant before bringing this action or for any claims alleged in his complaint. Defendants 15 assert that in order to have exhausted the administrative process before bringing this action, 16 Plaintiff needed to submit any administrative appeals concerning his claims on or after December 17 7, 2017, and pursue that appeal/grievance through the final or third level of review before May 3, 18 2018, when he filed this action. Defendants indicate that although Plaintiff filed an inmate appeal 19 dated January 2, 2018, related to some of his complaint allegations, that appeal has had a delayed 20 response and is pending. Defendants therefore argue that Plaintiff failed to obtain a final level of 21 review of the inmate appeal before filing this action. 22 Defendants further contend that even if the Court determines that the delay in resolving 23 Plaintiff’s appeal exhausted his administrative remedies, Plaintiff did not raise or exhaust any 24 medical claims or claims against Defendants Andrzejewski and Brown. Specifically, Defendants 25 assert that Plaintiff’s inmate appeal, CSPC-7-18-00207, does not raise medical claims or claims 26
27 5 The corresponding notices of delay are attached to Plaintiff’s opposition to the motion for summary judgment, (ECF No. 31), and are accepted as undisputed due to the absence of a reply or objection from 28 Defendants. 1 against Defendants Andrzejewski and Brown. Defendants further assert that Plaintiff has not 2 exhausted or filed any separate health care inmate appeals/grievances. 3 Plaintiff does not dispute that he filed suit prior to completion of the second level of 4 review. Instead, Plaintiff indicates that his appeal, CSPC-7-18-00207, was accepted on January 5 11, 2018, and processed for a second level response. (ECF No. 31, p. 3 and p. 8 (Attachment 1).) 6 Thereafter, the appeal has had over seven exceptional delays, which Plaintiff argues has exceeded 7 the 160-day time limit for completion of a second level response under the California Code of 8 Regulations, title 15, § 3084.8(d). (Id., pp. 9-25 (Attachment 1).) Plaintiff complains that both 9 the regulations and his Fourteenth Amendment due process rights have been violated by the 10 delay. In contrast, Plaintiff admits that he failed to file a grievance for medical concerns against 11 Defendants Andrezjewski or Brown. 12 2. Deliberate Indifference to Serious Medical Needs Claim – Defendants 13 Andrzejewski and Brown 14 As indicated, Plaintiff concedes that he failed to file a grievance for medical concerns 15 against Defendants Andrezjewski or Brown. (ECF No. 31.) Plaintiff asserts that he has “no oral 16 argument nor opposition of both medical defendants being removed from proceeding pending 17 Federal actions.” (Id., p. 5.) The Court will therefore recommend that Defendants’ motion for 18 summary judgment for failure to exhaust administrative remedies for the federal claims against 19 Defendants Andrezjewski and Brown be granted. 20 3. Filing Lawsuit Before Second Level Decision 21 The evidence submitted in this case establishes the following sequence of events: Plaintiff 22 submitted an appeal dated January 1, 2018, related to the allegations raised in his complaint 23 (CSPC-7-18-00207). The first level of review was bypassed, and the appeal was accepted at the 24 second level review on January 11, 2018. (UMF 11; ECF No. 1, Compl., p. 17.) 25 While his second level review was pending, on February 20, 2018, Plaintiff received the 26 first of at least ten letters advising him of “exceptional delay in review of appeal” due to the 27 “[c]omplexity of the decision, action, or policy” and that the due date was extended. (UMF 11; 28 ECF No. 1, Compl., p. 18l; ECF No. 31, p. 9.) On April 3, 2018, Plaintiff received a similar 1 notice of delay. (UMF 11; ECF No. 31, p. 10.) 2 On May 3, 2018, Plaintiff filed this civil rights lawsuit. (ECF No. 1.) 3 On June 26, 2018, August 8, 2018, September 19, 2018, November 1, 2018, December 17, 4 2018, March 18, 2019, April 30, 2019, and June 11, 2019, Plaintiff received additional letters 5 indicating exceptional delay in review of his appeal at the second level.6 (UMF 11; ECF No. 31, 6 pp. 11-18.) 7 Plaintiff did not submit any health care inmate appeals between December 7, 2017 and 8 May 3, 2018. (UMF 10.) 9 Given these undisputed facts and the evidence submitted by the parties, the Court finds 10 that Defendants have met their initial burden by proving the existence of administrative remedies 11 and Plaintiff’s failure to exhaust those remedies prior to filing suit. Therefore, the burden shifts 12 to the Plaintiff “to come forward with evidence showing that there is something in his particular 13 case that made the existing and generally available administrative remedies effectively 14 unavailable to him.” Albino, 747 F.3d at 1172. In Ross v. Blake, 578 U.S. 632 (2016), the 15 Supreme Court enumerated three instances in which a grievance procedure is effectively 16 unavailable: (1) when the process operates as a “simple dead end” with no actual possibility of 17 relief to prisoners; (2) when the process is so opaque or confusing that it is “essentially 18 unknowable – so that no ordinary prisoner can make sense of what it demands”; and (3) when 19 prison officials thwart inmates from using the process through machination, misrepresentation, or 20 intimidation. Id. at 643-44 (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). 21 Plaintiff argues that he could not exhaust his administrative remedies because of the 22 delays in the appeal process at the second level of review, which exceeded the time limits 23 provided for in the regulations. This argument is not persuasive. Plaintiff could not have 24 reasonably believed that prison authorities would not respond to his appeal. It is undisputed that 25 while his appeal was pending, Plaintiff was informed in writing on at least ten separate occasions 26 that there would be a delay in responding to his appeal. (UMF 11.) “Prison officials need not 27 6 On July 23, 2019, an additional notice extending the response time was sent to Plaintiff. (ECF No. 31 at 28 p. 19.) 1 strictly adhere to the time limits for response to an administrative grievance as long as the 2 prisoner is given an explanation,” as was done here. Ardds v. Hicks, No. 1:19-cv-01738-SAB 3 (PC), 2021 WL 3471595, at *6 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 6, 2021) (citing Rios v. Paramo, 14CV1073- 4 WQH(DHB), 2016 WL 8731085, at *19-20 (S.D. Cal. July 15, 2016), (rejecting argument that 5 delay in issuing and receiving second level response thwarted exhaustion efforts where plaintiff 6 informed in writing for separate time that there would be a delay in responding to his appeal). 7 Extensions of this nature are permitted by prison regulations. See Id.; Cal. Code. Regs. tit. 15, § 8 3084.8(d) and (e). 9 The Court notes that Plaintiff appears to rely on the cumulative delay notices issued by 10 CDCR. However, at the time of filing this lawsuit on May 3, 2018, the evidence reflects that 11 Plaintiff had only received two notices of delay – one on February 20, 2018, and one on April 3, 12 2018. (UMF 11; ECF No. 31 at pp. 9 (February 20, 2018), 10 (April 3, 2018, with estimated 13 completion date of May 15, 2018).) Plaintiff proffers no evidence to demonstrate that this delay 14 rendered the appeals process unavailable. There also is no indication that Plaintiff was under any 15 imperative to start the litigation or that his case would suffer if further delayed beyond May 3, 16 2018. Moreover, the statute of limitations for this action, without consideration of any applicable 17 tolling, is two years, but Plaintiff elected to file this action after only about five months. Douglas 18 v. Noelle, 567 F.3d 1103, 109 (explaining statute of limitations for 42 U.S.C. § 1983 actions is the 19 state statute of limitations for personal injury actions); Lamon v. McTaggert, No. 1:22-cv-01421- 20 ADA-BAM (PC), 2023 WL 4239172 (statute of limitations for §1983 action is state status of 21 limitations for personal injury actions—two years in California). 22 The Court concludes that Plaintiff failed to properly exhaust his administrative remedies 23 prior to filing suit and that he has failed to demonstrate that existing and generally available 24 administrative remedies were effectively unavailable to him. The Court will therefore 25 recommend that Defendants’ motion for summary judgment for failure to exhaust administrative 26 remedies of the federal claims against them be granted. 27 /// 28 /// 1 4. State Law Claims 2 Defendants argue that Plaintiff has failed to comply with the claim presentation 3 requirements of the California Government Claims Act and his state law claims in this case must 4 be dismissed. 5 Under California’s Government Claims Act,7 set forth in California Government Code 6 sections 810 et seq., a plaintiff may not bring a suit for monetary damages against a public 7 employee or entity unless the plaintiff first presented the claim to the proper entity and the entity 8 either acted on the claim or the time for doing so expired. Munoz v. California, 33 Cal. App. 4th 9 1767, 1776 (1995) (“The Tort Claims Act requires that any civil complaint for money or damages 10 first be presented to and rejected by the pertinent public entity.”). The purpose of this 11 requirement is “to provide the public entity sufficient information to enable it to adequately 12 investigate claims and to settle them, if appropriate, without the expense of litigation.” City of San 13 Jose v. Superior Court, 12 Cal. 3d 447, 455 (1974) (citations omitted). The “factual 14 circumstances” set forth in the written claim must “correspond with the facts alleged in the 15 complaint.” Nelson v. State of California, 139 Cal. App. 3d 72, 79 (1982). Compliance with this 16 “claim presentation requirement” constitutes an element of a cause of action for damages against 17 a public entity or official. State v. Superior Court (Bodde), 32 Cal. 4th 1234, 1244 (2004). Thus, 18 in the state courts, “failure to allege facts demonstrating or excusing compliance with the claim 19 presentation requirement subjects a claim against a public entity to a demurrer for failure to state 20 a cause of action.” Id. at 1239 (fn. omitted). 21 Here, Plaintiff filed a California Government Claim Form with the Government Claims 22 Program, which was dated December 28, 2017. (UMF 12.) However, the form was blank as to 23 the State agencies or employees against whom the claim was filed, date of incident, location of 24 incident, description of the specific damage or injury, circumstances that led to the damage or 25 injury, and explanation as to why the state is responsible for the damage or injury. (UMF 12.) 26
27 7 The Government Claims Act was formerly known as the California Tort Claims Act. City of Stockton v. Superior Court, 42 Cal.4th 730, 741–42 (2007) (adopting the practice of using Government Claims Act 28 rather than California Tort Claims Act). 1 The claim form therefore fails to provide sufficient information to allow for adequate 2 investigation of the claims. Plaintiff does not dispute that he has failed to comply with the 3 requirements of California’s Government Claims Act. (ECF No. 31, pp. 4-5.) Accordingly, the 4 Court will recommend that Plaintiff’s state law claims be dismissed for failure to comply with the 5 claim presentation requirements of California’s Government Claims Act. 6 IV. Conclusion and Recommendation 7 Based on the foregoing, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that Defendants’ motion for 8 summary judgment (ECF No. 29) be GRANTED. 9 These Findings and Recommendations will be submitted to the United States District 10 Judge assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of Title 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within 11 fourteen (14) days after being served with these Findings and Recommendations, the parties may 12 file written objections with the Court. The document should be captioned “Objections to 13 Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendation.” The parties are advised that failure to file 14 objections within the specified time may result in the waiver of the “right to challenge the 15 magistrate’s factual findings” on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 839 (9th Cir. 2014) 16 (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). 17 IT IS SO ORDERED. 18
19 Dated: February 15, 2024 /s/ Barbara A. McAuliffe _ UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 20
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