(PC) Washington v. Sexton

District Court, E.D. California·Decided May 5, 2021·No. 1:18-cv-00513·Unknown

Opinion

JAMIEN WASHINGTON, Case No. 1:18-cv-00513-DAD-JLT (PC) Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO DENY PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR v. CHALLENGING EXHAUSTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDIES; GRANT M.SEXTON, et al., DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT RE Defendants. EXHAUSTION; AND DISMISS THE CASE WITHOUT PREJUDICE (Docs. 62, 64) 14-DAY DEADLINE In its first screening order, the Court found that Plaintiff stated cognizable claims: (1) First Amendment retaliation claim against Defendant Vera, (2) an Eighth Amendment excessive force claim against Vera, (3) an Eighth Amendment failure-to-protect claim against John Doe 1, and (4) an Eighth Amendment medical indifference claim against Defendants Vera, Tinero, and John Doe 1. (Docs. 16, 23.) The Court found the remaining claims non-cognizable as pleaded. Id. Plaintiff elected to proceed only on the cognizable claims rather than filing an amended complaint. (Doc. 17.) After Defendants sought an extension of time to file an exhaustion motion, (see Doc. 58), Plaintiff filed a Motion for Challenging Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies. (Doc. 62.) Under the liberal construction afforded to prisoner pleadings on summary judgment, the Court with summary judgment rules. See Soto v. Sweetman, 882 F.3d 865, 872 (9th Cir. 2018). Defendants filed a cross-motion for summary judgment on the issue of exhaustion and an opposition to Plaintiff’s motion. (Docs. 64, 66.) Plaintiff filed a response, to which Defendants filed a reply. (Docs. 67, 69.) The facts regarding exhaustion are not in dispute. For the reasons set forth below, the undersigned recommends that the Court DENY Plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment and GRANT Defendants’ motion for summary judgment. A. Summary Judgment Summary judgment is appropriate when the moving party “shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). The moving party bears the initial burden of proving the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322–23 (1986). The moving party may accomplish this by presenting evidence that negates an essential element of the non-moving party’s case. Id. Alternatively, the movant can demonstrate that the non-moving party cannot produce evidence to support an essential element of his claim that must be proven at trial. Id.; Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1)(B). “[A] complete failure of proof concerning an essential element of the non-moving party’s case necessarily renders all other facts immaterial.” Celotex, 477 U.S. at 322–23. If the moving party meets this initial showing, the burden shifts to the non-moving party to establish “specific facts showing a genuine issue for trial.” Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 250 (1986). The non-moving party cannot simply rely on the pleadings and conclusory allegations in an affidavit. Lujan v. Nat’1 Wildlife Fed’n, 497 U.S. 871, 888 (1990); see also Celotex, 477 U.S. at 324. “Where the record taken as a whole could not lead a rational trier of fact to find for the non-moving party, there is no genuine issue for trial.” Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587 (1986). However, when deciding a motion for summary judgment, the court must view any inferences drawn from the underlying facts in a The Ninth Circuit has “held consistently that courts should construe liberally motion papers and pleadings filed by pro se inmates and should avoid applying summary judgment rules strictly.” Soto, 882 F.3d at 872 (quoting Thomas v. Ponder, 611 F.3d 1144, 1150 (9th Cir. 2010)). While prisoners are relieved from strict compliance, they still must “identify or submit some competent evidence” to support their claims. Soto, 882 F.3d at 872. Plaintiff’s verified complaint may serve as an affidavit in opposition to summary judgment if based on personal knowledge and specific facts admissible in evidence. Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1132 n.14 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc). B. Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies The Prison Litigation Reform Act (“PLRA”) provides that “[n]o action shall be brought with respect to prison conditions under [42 U.S.C. § 1983], or any other Federal law, by a prisoner confined in any jail, prison, or other correctional facility until such administrative remedies as are available are exhausted.” 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). Exhaustion of administrative remedies is mandatory, and “unexhausted claims cannot be brought in court.” Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199, 211 (2007). Inmates are required to “complete the administrative review process in accordance with the applicable procedural rules, including deadlines, as a precondition to bringing suit in federal court.” Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 88, 93 (2006). The exhaustion requirement applies to all inmate suits relating to prison life, Porter v. Nussle, 534 U.S. 516, 532 (2002), regardless of the relief sought by the prisoner or offered by the administrative process, Booth v. Churner, 532 U.S. 731, 741 (2001). The PLRA requires “proper exhaustion,” which means that “the prisoner must complete the administrative review process in accordance with the applicable procedural rules, including deadlines, as a precondition to bringing suit in federal court.” Woodford, 548 U.S. at 88, 93. The rules that must be followed, in other words, “are defined not by the PLRA, but by the prison grievance process itself.” Jones, 549 U.S. at 218. “The level of detail necessary in a grievance to comply with the grievance procedures will vary from system to system . . . , but it is the prison’s requirements, and not the PLRA, that define the boundaries of proper exhaustion.” Id. The the filing of a court action against them. Jones, 549 U.S. at 204. The failure to exhaust administrative remedies is an affirmative defense that the defendant must plead and prove. Id. at 204, 216. The defendant bears the burden of producing evidence that proves a failure to exhaust; summary judgment is appropriate only if the undisputed evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, shows the plaintiff failed to exhaust. Albino v. Baca, 747 F.3d 1162, 1166 (9th Cir. 2014). On a motion for summary judgment, the defendant bears the initial burden of proving (1) the existence of an available administrative remedy, and (2) the plaintiff failed to exhaust that remedy. Id. at 1172. If the defendant makes this showing, the burden shifts to the prisoner to present evidence showing “that there is something in his particular case that made the existing and generally available administrative remedies effectively unavailable to him.”

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