1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 WILLIAM JAMES WALLACE, II, Case No. 1:20-cv-00905-JLT (PC)
12 Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR PARTIAL SUMMARY 13 v. JUDGMENT
14 CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF (Doc. 42) CORRECTIONS AND 15 REHABILITATION, et al., 16 Defendants. 17 18 Defendants move for partial summary judgment on the grounds that Plaintiff failed to 19 exhaust administrative remedies on certain claims prior to filing suit. (Doc. 42.) For the reasons 20 set forth below, the Court grants Defendants’ motion. 21 I. SUMMARY OF FACTS1 22 Plaintiff claims that while housed at the Substance Abuse Treatment Facility, Defendants 23 “denied him a brace, orthopedic shoes, and parts to repair his wheelchair, and prohibited him 24 from wearing shorts, which has prevented him from participating in activities” of the prison. 25 Screening Order 8 (Doc. 20 at 8). 26 1 Defendants filed their motion for partial summary judgment on July 6, 2021. (Doc. 42.) Despite receiving notice of 27 the requirements for opposing a motion for summary judgment, (id. at 2, Doc. 42-3), to date, Plaintiff has failed to file an opposition to Defendants’ motion. Therefore, the Court deems any opposition waived, Local Rule 230(l), and 1 Plaintiff filed an administrative grievance requesting a brace and orthopedic shoes. Defs.’ 2 Statement of Undisputed Facts (“SUF”) ¶ 7; Hart Decl. Ex. C (Doc. 42-2 at 41-42). California 3 Correctional Health Care Services (“CCHCS”) rendered a disposition of “no intervention” on the 4 grievance at the headquarters’ level of review.2 Hart Decl. ¶ 10, Ex. C (Doc. 42-2 at 15, 38-40). 5 Plaintiff filed a second grievance regarding the denial of orthopedic shoes. Defs.’ SUF ¶ 8; Hart 6 Decl. Ex. B (Doc. 42-2 at 32-35). CCHCS rejected the grievance as a duplicated of the grievance 7 filed earlier.3 Hart Decl. Ex. B (Doc. 42-2 at 31). 8 Plaintiff then filed a grievance requesting permission to wear shorts. Defs.’ SUF ¶ 9; Hart 9 Decl. Ex. E (Doc. 42-2 at 62-65). CCHCS rendered a disposition of “no intervention” on the 10 grievance at the headquarters’ level of review. Defs.’ SUF ¶ 9; Hart Decl. Ex. E (Doc. 42-2 at 59- 11 61). 12 II. LEGAL STANDARDS 13 A. Summary Judgment 14 Summary judgment is appropriate when the moving party “shows that there is no genuine 15 dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. 16 Civ. P. 56(a). The moving party “initially bears the burden of proving the absence of a genuine 17 issue of material fact.” In re Oracle Corp. Sec. Litig., 627 F.3d 376, 387 (9th Cir. 2010) (citing 18 Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986)). The moving party may accomplish this by 19 “citing to particular parts of materials in the record, including depositions, documents, 20 electronically stored information, affidavits or declarations, stipulations . . ., admissions, 21 interrogatory answers, or other materials,” or by showing that such materials “do not establish the 22 absence or presence of a genuine dispute, or that an adverse party cannot produce admissible 23 evidence to support the fact.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1)(A),(B). When the non-moving party bears 24 the burden of proof at trial, “the moving party need only prove that there is an absence of 25
26 2 Defendants’ Statement of Undisputed Facts provides that the grievance was denied on July 15, 2020. Defs.’ SUF ¶ 7. However, the declaration on which the statement relies, as well as the CCHCS disposition letter attached to the 27 declaration, indicate that the date was actually July 7, 2020. 3 Defendants’ Statement of Undisputed Facts provides that the grievance was rejected on April 20, 2020, Defs.’ SUF 1 evidence to support the non-moving party’s case.” Oracle Corp., 627 F.3d at 387 (citing Celotex, 2 477 U.S. at 325); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1)(B). 3 Summary judgment should be entered against a party who fails to make a showing 4 sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party’s case, and on which that 5 party will bear the burden of proof at trial. See Celotex, 477 U.S. at 322. “[A] complete failure of 6 proof concerning an essential element of the nonmoving party’s case necessarily renders all other 7 facts immaterial.” Id. at 322–23. In such a circumstance, summary judgment should be granted, 8 “so long as whatever is before the district court demonstrates that the standard for the entry of 9 summary judgment . . . is satisfied.” Id. at 323. 10 B. Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies 11 The Prison Litigation Reform Act provides that “[n]o action shall be brought with respect 12 to prison conditions under [42 U.S.C. § 1983], or any other Federal law, by a prisoner confined in 13 any jail, prison, or other correctional facility until such administrative remedies as are available 14 are exhausted.” 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). Exhaustion of administrative remedies is mandatory and 15 “unexhausted claims cannot be brought in court.” Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199, 211 (2007). 16 Inmates are required to “complete the administrative review process in accordance with the 17 applicable procedural rules, including deadlines, as a precondition to bringing suit in federal 18 court.” Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 88, 93 (2006). The exhaustion requirement applies to all 19 inmate suits relating to prison life, Porter v. Nussle, 534 U.S. 516, 532 (2002), regardless of the 20 relief sought by the prisoner or offered by the administrative process, Booth v. Churner, 532 U.S. 21 731, 741 (2001). 22 The failure to exhaust administrative remedies is an affirmative defense, which the 23 defendant must plead and prove. Jones, 549 U.S. at 204, 216. The defendant bears the burden of 24 producing evidence that proves a failure to exhaust; and, summary judgment is appropriate only if 25 the undisputed evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, shows the plaintiff 26 failed to exhaust. Albino v. Baca, 747 F.3d 1162, 1166 (9th Cir. 2014). On a motion for summary 27 judgment, the defendant must prove (1) the existence of an available administrative remedy and 1 2015) (citations omitted). If the defendant meets this burden, “the burden shifts to the plaintiff, 2 who must show that there is something particular in his case that made the existing and generally 3 available administrative remedies effectively unavailable to him. . .” Id. If the plaintiff fails to 4 meet this burden, the court must dismiss the unexhausted claims or action without prejudice. See 5 Lira v. Herrera, 427 F.3d 1164, 1175 (9th Cir. 2005). 6 C. CDCR Health Care Grievance Process 7 The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation has an administrative 8 grievance system for prisoners to appeal “health care policies, decisions, actions, conditions, or 9 omissions that have a material adverse effect on their health or welfare.” Cal. Code Regs. tit. 15, 10 § 3999.226(a). Compliance with 42 U.S.C.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 WILLIAM JAMES WALLACE, II, Case No. 1:20-cv-00905-JLT (PC)
12 Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR PARTIAL SUMMARY 13 v. JUDGMENT
14 CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF (Doc. 42) CORRECTIONS AND 15 REHABILITATION, et al., 16 Defendants. 17 18 Defendants move for partial summary judgment on the grounds that Plaintiff failed to 19 exhaust administrative remedies on certain claims prior to filing suit. (Doc. 42.) For the reasons 20 set forth below, the Court grants Defendants’ motion. 21 I. SUMMARY OF FACTS1 22 Plaintiff claims that while housed at the Substance Abuse Treatment Facility, Defendants 23 “denied him a brace, orthopedic shoes, and parts to repair his wheelchair, and prohibited him 24 from wearing shorts, which has prevented him from participating in activities” of the prison. 25 Screening Order 8 (Doc. 20 at 8). 26 1 Defendants filed their motion for partial summary judgment on July 6, 2021. (Doc. 42.) Despite receiving notice of 27 the requirements for opposing a motion for summary judgment, (id. at 2, Doc. 42-3), to date, Plaintiff has failed to file an opposition to Defendants’ motion. Therefore, the Court deems any opposition waived, Local Rule 230(l), and 1 Plaintiff filed an administrative grievance requesting a brace and orthopedic shoes. Defs.’ 2 Statement of Undisputed Facts (“SUF”) ¶ 7; Hart Decl. Ex. C (Doc. 42-2 at 41-42). California 3 Correctional Health Care Services (“CCHCS”) rendered a disposition of “no intervention” on the 4 grievance at the headquarters’ level of review.2 Hart Decl. ¶ 10, Ex. C (Doc. 42-2 at 15, 38-40). 5 Plaintiff filed a second grievance regarding the denial of orthopedic shoes. Defs.’ SUF ¶ 8; Hart 6 Decl. Ex. B (Doc. 42-2 at 32-35). CCHCS rejected the grievance as a duplicated of the grievance 7 filed earlier.3 Hart Decl. Ex. B (Doc. 42-2 at 31). 8 Plaintiff then filed a grievance requesting permission to wear shorts. Defs.’ SUF ¶ 9; Hart 9 Decl. Ex. E (Doc. 42-2 at 62-65). CCHCS rendered a disposition of “no intervention” on the 10 grievance at the headquarters’ level of review. Defs.’ SUF ¶ 9; Hart Decl. Ex. E (Doc. 42-2 at 59- 11 61). 12 II. LEGAL STANDARDS 13 A. Summary Judgment 14 Summary judgment is appropriate when the moving party “shows that there is no genuine 15 dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. 16 Civ. P. 56(a). The moving party “initially bears the burden of proving the absence of a genuine 17 issue of material fact.” In re Oracle Corp. Sec. Litig., 627 F.3d 376, 387 (9th Cir. 2010) (citing 18 Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986)). The moving party may accomplish this by 19 “citing to particular parts of materials in the record, including depositions, documents, 20 electronically stored information, affidavits or declarations, stipulations . . ., admissions, 21 interrogatory answers, or other materials,” or by showing that such materials “do not establish the 22 absence or presence of a genuine dispute, or that an adverse party cannot produce admissible 23 evidence to support the fact.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1)(A),(B). When the non-moving party bears 24 the burden of proof at trial, “the moving party need only prove that there is an absence of 25
26 2 Defendants’ Statement of Undisputed Facts provides that the grievance was denied on July 15, 2020. Defs.’ SUF ¶ 7. However, the declaration on which the statement relies, as well as the CCHCS disposition letter attached to the 27 declaration, indicate that the date was actually July 7, 2020. 3 Defendants’ Statement of Undisputed Facts provides that the grievance was rejected on April 20, 2020, Defs.’ SUF 1 evidence to support the non-moving party’s case.” Oracle Corp., 627 F.3d at 387 (citing Celotex, 2 477 U.S. at 325); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1)(B). 3 Summary judgment should be entered against a party who fails to make a showing 4 sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party’s case, and on which that 5 party will bear the burden of proof at trial. See Celotex, 477 U.S. at 322. “[A] complete failure of 6 proof concerning an essential element of the nonmoving party’s case necessarily renders all other 7 facts immaterial.” Id. at 322–23. In such a circumstance, summary judgment should be granted, 8 “so long as whatever is before the district court demonstrates that the standard for the entry of 9 summary judgment . . . is satisfied.” Id. at 323. 10 B. Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies 11 The Prison Litigation Reform Act provides that “[n]o action shall be brought with respect 12 to prison conditions under [42 U.S.C. § 1983], or any other Federal law, by a prisoner confined in 13 any jail, prison, or other correctional facility until such administrative remedies as are available 14 are exhausted.” 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). Exhaustion of administrative remedies is mandatory and 15 “unexhausted claims cannot be brought in court.” Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199, 211 (2007). 16 Inmates are required to “complete the administrative review process in accordance with the 17 applicable procedural rules, including deadlines, as a precondition to bringing suit in federal 18 court.” Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 88, 93 (2006). The exhaustion requirement applies to all 19 inmate suits relating to prison life, Porter v. Nussle, 534 U.S. 516, 532 (2002), regardless of the 20 relief sought by the prisoner or offered by the administrative process, Booth v. Churner, 532 U.S. 21 731, 741 (2001). 22 The failure to exhaust administrative remedies is an affirmative defense, which the 23 defendant must plead and prove. Jones, 549 U.S. at 204, 216. The defendant bears the burden of 24 producing evidence that proves a failure to exhaust; and, summary judgment is appropriate only if 25 the undisputed evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, shows the plaintiff 26 failed to exhaust. Albino v. Baca, 747 F.3d 1162, 1166 (9th Cir. 2014). On a motion for summary 27 judgment, the defendant must prove (1) the existence of an available administrative remedy and 1 2015) (citations omitted). If the defendant meets this burden, “the burden shifts to the plaintiff, 2 who must show that there is something particular in his case that made the existing and generally 3 available administrative remedies effectively unavailable to him. . .” Id. If the plaintiff fails to 4 meet this burden, the court must dismiss the unexhausted claims or action without prejudice. See 5 Lira v. Herrera, 427 F.3d 1164, 1175 (9th Cir. 2005). 6 C. CDCR Health Care Grievance Process 7 The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation has an administrative 8 grievance system for prisoners to appeal “health care policies, decisions, actions, conditions, or 9 omissions that have a material adverse effect on their health or welfare.” Cal. Code Regs. tit. 15, 10 § 3999.226(a). Compliance with 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a) requires California-state prisoners to 11 utilize CDCR’s grievance process to exhaust their claims prior to filing suit in court. See Sapp v. 12 Kimbrell, 623 F.3d 813, 818 (9th Cir. 2010); see also Woodford, 548 U.S. at 85-86. Health care 13 grievances are generally subject to an “institutional level review” and a “headquarters’ level 14 grievance appeal review, if requested by the grievant.” Cal. Code Regs. tit. 15, § 3999.226(a)(1). 15 Health care grievances must receive “a headquarters’ level disposition before administrative 16 remedies are deemed exhausted.” Id. §§ 3999.226(g), 3999.230(h). An “appeal rejection or 17 withdrawal does not exhaust administrative remedies.” Id. § 3999.226(g). 18 III. DISCUSSION 19 The Prison Litigation Reform Act requires “proper exhaustion,” which means that “the 20 prisoner must complete the administrative review process in accordance with the applicable 21 procedural rules . . . as a precondition to bringing suit in federal court.” Woodford, 548 U.S. at 88, 22 93. The rules that must be followed, in other words, “are defined not by the PLRA, but by the 23 prison grievance process itself.” Jones, 549 U.S. at 218. “The level of detail necessary in a 24 grievance to comply with the grievance procedures will vary from system to system . . ., but it is 25 the prison’s requirements, and not the PLRA, that define the boundaries of proper exhaustion.” 26 Id. 27 California regulations require prisoners to pursue a health care grievance through two 1 3999.226(g), 3999.230(h). Regulations further provide that a grievance may be rejected if it 2 “duplicates [a] . . . previous . . . grievance.” Id. § 3999.234(a)(6). A rejection (as opposed to a 3 denial on the merits) “does not exhaust administrative remedies.” Id. § 3999.226(g). 4 When Plaintiff initiated this action on June 29, 2020, he had not yet received the 5 headquarters’ level disposition of “no intervention,” which was issued on July 7, 2020. Defs.’ 6 SUF ¶ 7; Hart Decl. ¶ 10; Hart Decl. Ex. C (Doc. 42-2 at 38-42). Thus, pursuant to California 7 Code of Regulations sections 3999.226(g) and 3999.230(h), Plaintiff did not exhaust his claim 8 regarding the brace and orthopedic shoes until after he filed suit on June 29, 2020. 9 Plaintiff filed a second grievance regarding the brace, which was rejected as a duplication of the 10 earlier-filed grievance, on February 18, 2020. Defs.’ SUF ¶ 8; Hart Decl. ¶ 9; Hart Decl. Ex. B 11 (Doc. 42-2 at 31-35). Pursuant to California Code of Regulations sections 3999.234(a)(6) and 12 3999.226(g), respectively, the rejection was proper and did not exhaust Plaintiff’s claim. 13 Plaintiff filed a grievance regarding shorts on June 25, 2020, which received a 14 headquarters’ level disposition of “no intervention” on December 31, 2020. Defs.’ SUF ¶ 9; Hart 15 Decl. ¶ 12; Hart Decl. Ex. E (Doc. 42-2 at 59-65). Thus, pursuant to California Code of 16 Regulations sections 3999.226(g) and 3999.230(h), Plaintiff did not exhaust his claim regarding 17 the shorts until December 31, 2020, which is after he filed suit.4 18 The PLRA provides that “[n]o action shall be brought with respect to prison conditions 19 . . . by a prisoner . . . until such administrative remedies as are available are exhausted.” 42 20 U.S.C. § 1997e (emphasis added). In other words, the “remed[y] must be exhausted before a 21 complaint under § 1983 may be entertained,” Booth v. Churner, 532 U.S. 731, 738 (2001) 22 (emphasis added)—prisoners may not exhaust during the course of litigation, see McKinney v. 23 Carey, 311 F.3d 1198, 1199 (9th Cir. 2002). Hence, “claims which are exhausted after the 24 complaint has been tendered to the district court . . . must be dismissed.” Rhodes v. Robinson, 621 25 F.3d 1002, 1005 (9th Cir. 2010) (citation omitted). 26 As described above, Plaintiff exhausted his claims regarding a brace, orthopedic shoes, 27
4 1 and permission to wear shorts after he filed his complaint on June 29, 2020.5 The Court, 2 therefore, must dismiss these claims without prejudice. See McKinney, 311 F.3d at 1199; Vaden v. 3 Summerhill, 449 F.3d 1047, 1051 (9th Cir. 2006) (citation omitted). 4 IV. ORDER 5 For the reasons set forth above, the Court GRANTS Defendants’ motion for partial 6 summary judgment (Doc. 42). Plaintiff’s claims regarding Defendants’ alleged denial of a brace, 7 orthopedic shoes, and permission to wear shorts are DISMISSED without prejudice. 8 IT IS SO ORDERED. 9
10 Dated: October 1, 2021 _ /s/ Jennifer L. Thurston CHIEF UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 11
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