1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JUSTIN WALKER aka El Dey Bey No. 2:23-cv-02015-EFB (PC) Shabazz Ali, 12 Plaintiff, 13 ORDER v. 14 RIVERA, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 Plaintiff, a county jail inmate proceeding without counsel, brings this civil rights action 18 under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. ECF No. 1. Plaintiff has also filed an application to proceed in forma 19 pauperis pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915. ECF No. 2. The court will grant the in forma pauperis 20 application and screen the complaint. Plaintiff has also filed several motions, including two 21 motions to appoint counsel, which the court addresses herein. ECF Nos. 5, 9, 23, 24 & 34. 22 Leave to Proceed In Forma Pauperis 23 Plaintiff’s application makes the showing required by 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1) and (2). 24 Accordingly, by separate order, the court directs the agency having custody of plaintiff to collect 25 and forward the appropriate monthly payments for the filing fee as set forth in 28 U.S.C. 26 § 1915(b)(1) and (2). 27 //// 28 //// 1 Screening Standards 2 Federal courts must engage in a preliminary screening of cases in which prisoners seek 3 redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. 4 § 1915A(a). The court must identify cognizable claims or dismiss the complaint, or any portion 5 of the complaint, if the complaint “is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which 6 relief may be granted,” or “seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such 7 relief.” Id. § 1915A(b). 8 A pro se plaintiff, like other litigants, must satisfy the pleading requirements of Rule 8(a) 9 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Rule 8(a)(2) “requires a complaint to include a short and 10 plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief, in order to give the 11 defendant fair notice of what the claim is and the grounds upon which it rests.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. 12 Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 554, 562-563 (2007) (citing Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41 (1957)). 13 While the complaint must comply with the “short and plaint statement” requirements of Rule 8, 14 its allegations must also include the specificity required by Twombly and Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 15 U.S. 662, 679 (2009). 16 To avoid dismissal for failure to state a claim a complaint must contain more than “naked 17 assertions,” “labels and conclusions” or “a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of 18 action.” Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555-557. In other words, “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of 19 a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements do not suffice.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 20 678. 21 Furthermore, a claim upon which the court can grant relief must have facial plausibility. 22 Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570. “A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual 23 content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the 24 misconduct alleged.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. When considering whether a complaint states a 25 claim upon which relief can be granted, the court must accept the allegations as true, Erickson v. 26 Pardus, 551 U.S. 89 (2007), and construe the complaint in the light most favorable to the 27 plaintiff, see Scheuer v. Rhodes, 416 U.S. 232, 236 (1974). 28 //// 1 Screening Order 2 The complaint names two defendants, both officials at the Justice Center Detention 3 Facility (JCDF) in Solano County. ECF No. 1 at 2. Plaintiff claims defendants violated his First 4 and Fifth Amendment rights because they “booked and processed [him] due to an unlawful 5 arrest.” Id. at 3. The complaint does not allege specific facts showing that the arrest violated 6 plaintiff’s constitutional right to due process, but merely asserts that he was “arrested and booked 7 under false charges.” Id. Similarly, with no detail or specificity, plaintiff alleges that defendants 8 “used excessive force” in booking him into jail. Id. Plaintiff further asserts that his fingerprints 9 are “private property” and seeks to have them removed from the jail’s system. Id. at 4. 10 Plaintiff’s complaint cannot survive screening because it violates Federal Rule of Civil 11 Procedure 8. A sufficiently plead complaint under Rule 8 must “put defendants fairly on notice 12 of the claims against them.” McKeever v. Block, 932 F.2d 795, 798 (9th Cir. 1991). The 13 amended complaint does not contain a short and plain statement of specific allegations, as 14 required under Rule 8. Rather, it makes vague and conclusory statements with few underlying 15 facts alleged. 16 Further, the court notes that a claim is frivolous “when the facts alleged arise to the level 17 of the irrational or the wholly incredible, whether or not there are judicially noticeable facts 18 available to contradict them.” Denton v. Hernandez, 504 U.S. 25, 33 (1992); see also Neitzke v. 19 Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325 (1989) (holding that “§ 1915(d)’s term ‘frivolous,’ when applied to a 20 complaint, embraces not only the inarguable legal conclusion, but also the fanciful factual 21 allegation.”). In the absence of factual or legal support for any claim, plaintiff’s complaint 22 appears on its face to be frivolous. 23 Based on the foregoing, the court will dismiss plaintiff’s complaint. In an abundance of 24 caution, plaintiff will be given the opportunity to amend his complaint to cure the deficiencies 25 identified herein. 26 Leave to Amend 27 Plaintiff may choose to amend his complaint. He is cautioned that any amended 28 complaint must identify as a defendant only persons who personally participated in a substantial 1 way in depriving him of his constitutional rights. Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 2 1978) (a person subjects another to the deprivation of a constitutional right if he does an act, 3 participates in another’s act or omits to perform an act he is legally required to do that causes the 4 alleged deprivation). Plaintiff may also include any allegations based on state law that are so 5 closely related to his federal allegations that “they form the same case or controversy.” See 28 6 U.S.C. § 1367(a). 7 The amended complaint must also contain a caption including the names of all defendants. 8 Fed. R. Civ. P. 10(a). 9 Plaintiff may not change the nature of this suit by alleging new, unrelated claims. See 10 George v. Smith, 507 F.3d 605, 607 (7th Cir. 2007). Nor may he bring unrelated claims against 11 multiple defendants. Id.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JUSTIN WALKER aka El Dey Bey No. 2:23-cv-02015-EFB (PC) Shabazz Ali, 12 Plaintiff, 13 ORDER v. 14 RIVERA, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 Plaintiff, a county jail inmate proceeding without counsel, brings this civil rights action 18 under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. ECF No. 1. Plaintiff has also filed an application to proceed in forma 19 pauperis pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915. ECF No. 2. The court will grant the in forma pauperis 20 application and screen the complaint. Plaintiff has also filed several motions, including two 21 motions to appoint counsel, which the court addresses herein. ECF Nos. 5, 9, 23, 24 & 34. 22 Leave to Proceed In Forma Pauperis 23 Plaintiff’s application makes the showing required by 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1) and (2). 24 Accordingly, by separate order, the court directs the agency having custody of plaintiff to collect 25 and forward the appropriate monthly payments for the filing fee as set forth in 28 U.S.C. 26 § 1915(b)(1) and (2). 27 //// 28 //// 1 Screening Standards 2 Federal courts must engage in a preliminary screening of cases in which prisoners seek 3 redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. 4 § 1915A(a). The court must identify cognizable claims or dismiss the complaint, or any portion 5 of the complaint, if the complaint “is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which 6 relief may be granted,” or “seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such 7 relief.” Id. § 1915A(b). 8 A pro se plaintiff, like other litigants, must satisfy the pleading requirements of Rule 8(a) 9 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Rule 8(a)(2) “requires a complaint to include a short and 10 plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief, in order to give the 11 defendant fair notice of what the claim is and the grounds upon which it rests.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. 12 Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 554, 562-563 (2007) (citing Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41 (1957)). 13 While the complaint must comply with the “short and plaint statement” requirements of Rule 8, 14 its allegations must also include the specificity required by Twombly and Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 15 U.S. 662, 679 (2009). 16 To avoid dismissal for failure to state a claim a complaint must contain more than “naked 17 assertions,” “labels and conclusions” or “a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of 18 action.” Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555-557. In other words, “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of 19 a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements do not suffice.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 20 678. 21 Furthermore, a claim upon which the court can grant relief must have facial plausibility. 22 Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570. “A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual 23 content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the 24 misconduct alleged.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. When considering whether a complaint states a 25 claim upon which relief can be granted, the court must accept the allegations as true, Erickson v. 26 Pardus, 551 U.S. 89 (2007), and construe the complaint in the light most favorable to the 27 plaintiff, see Scheuer v. Rhodes, 416 U.S. 232, 236 (1974). 28 //// 1 Screening Order 2 The complaint names two defendants, both officials at the Justice Center Detention 3 Facility (JCDF) in Solano County. ECF No. 1 at 2. Plaintiff claims defendants violated his First 4 and Fifth Amendment rights because they “booked and processed [him] due to an unlawful 5 arrest.” Id. at 3. The complaint does not allege specific facts showing that the arrest violated 6 plaintiff’s constitutional right to due process, but merely asserts that he was “arrested and booked 7 under false charges.” Id. Similarly, with no detail or specificity, plaintiff alleges that defendants 8 “used excessive force” in booking him into jail. Id. Plaintiff further asserts that his fingerprints 9 are “private property” and seeks to have them removed from the jail’s system. Id. at 4. 10 Plaintiff’s complaint cannot survive screening because it violates Federal Rule of Civil 11 Procedure 8. A sufficiently plead complaint under Rule 8 must “put defendants fairly on notice 12 of the claims against them.” McKeever v. Block, 932 F.2d 795, 798 (9th Cir. 1991). The 13 amended complaint does not contain a short and plain statement of specific allegations, as 14 required under Rule 8. Rather, it makes vague and conclusory statements with few underlying 15 facts alleged. 16 Further, the court notes that a claim is frivolous “when the facts alleged arise to the level 17 of the irrational or the wholly incredible, whether or not there are judicially noticeable facts 18 available to contradict them.” Denton v. Hernandez, 504 U.S. 25, 33 (1992); see also Neitzke v. 19 Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325 (1989) (holding that “§ 1915(d)’s term ‘frivolous,’ when applied to a 20 complaint, embraces not only the inarguable legal conclusion, but also the fanciful factual 21 allegation.”). In the absence of factual or legal support for any claim, plaintiff’s complaint 22 appears on its face to be frivolous. 23 Based on the foregoing, the court will dismiss plaintiff’s complaint. In an abundance of 24 caution, plaintiff will be given the opportunity to amend his complaint to cure the deficiencies 25 identified herein. 26 Leave to Amend 27 Plaintiff may choose to amend his complaint. He is cautioned that any amended 28 complaint must identify as a defendant only persons who personally participated in a substantial 1 way in depriving him of his constitutional rights. Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 2 1978) (a person subjects another to the deprivation of a constitutional right if he does an act, 3 participates in another’s act or omits to perform an act he is legally required to do that causes the 4 alleged deprivation). Plaintiff may also include any allegations based on state law that are so 5 closely related to his federal allegations that “they form the same case or controversy.” See 28 6 U.S.C. § 1367(a). 7 The amended complaint must also contain a caption including the names of all defendants. 8 Fed. R. Civ. P. 10(a). 9 Plaintiff may not change the nature of this suit by alleging new, unrelated claims. See 10 George v. Smith, 507 F.3d 605, 607 (7th Cir. 2007). Nor may he bring unrelated claims against 11 multiple defendants. Id. 12 Any amended complaint must be written or typed so that it so that it is complete in itself, 13 without reference to any earlier filed complaint. E.D. Cal. L.R. 220. This is because an amended 14 complaint supersedes any earlier filed complaint, and once an amended complaint is filed, the 15 earlier filed complaint no longer serves any function in the case. See Forsyth v. Humana, 114 16 F.3d 1467, 1474 (9th Cir. 1997) (the “‘amended complaint supersedes the original, the latter 17 being treated thereafter as non-existent.’”) (quoting Loux v. Rhay, 375 F.2d 55, 57 (9th Cir. 18 1967)). 19 Any amended complaint should be as concise as possible in fulfilling the above 20 requirements. Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a). Plaintiff should avoid the inclusion of procedural or factual 21 background which has no bearing on his legal claims. He should also take pains to ensure that his 22 amended complaint is as legible as possible. This refers not only to penmanship, but also spacing 23 and organization. Plaintiff should carefully consider whether each of the defendants he names 24 actually had involvement in the constitutional violations he alleges. A “scattershot” approach in 25 which plaintiff names dozens of defendants will not be looked upon favorably by the court. 26 Motions to Appoint Counsel 27 Plaintiff requests that the court appoint counsel. ECF Nos. 5 & 34. District courts lack 28 authority to require counsel to represent indigent prisoners in section 1983 cases. Mallard v. 1 || United States Dist. Court, 490 U.S. 296, 298 (1989). In exceptional circumstances, the court may 2 || request an attorney to voluntarily to represent such a plaintiff. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(1); 3 || Terrell vy. Brewer, 935 F.2d 1015, 1017 (9th Cir. 1991); Wood v. Housewright, 900 F.2d 1332, 4 || 1335-36 (9th Cir. 1990). When determining whether “exceptional circumstances” exist, the court 5 | must consider the likelihood of success on the merits as well as the ability of the plaintiff to 6 | articulate his claims pro se in light of the complexity of the legal issues involved. Palmer v. 7 | Valdez, 560 F.3d 965, 970 (9th Cir. 2009). As plaintiff has not filed a viable complaint, the court 8 || finds no exceptional circumstances in this case. 9 Other Motions 10 Plaintiff has filed multiple other motions and “notices.” See, e.g., ECF Nos. 9, 23 & 24. 11 | Without a viable complaint, plaintiff has no basis on which to seek relief in this court, and his 12 | numerous frivolous filings are an abuse of judicial process. Thus, all pending motions will be 13 | denied, and the various “notices” will be disregarded. 14 Conclusion 15 Accordingly, it is ORDERED that: 16 1. Plaintiffs application to proceed in forma pauperis (ECF No. 2) is GRANTED; 17 2. Plaintiff shall pay the statutory filing fee of $350. All payments shall be collected 18 | in accordance with the notice to the Justice Center Detention Facility filed concurrently herewith; 19 3. Plaintiff's complaint (ECF No. 1) is dismissed with leave to amend within 30 days 20 || of service of this order; 21 4. Plaintiff's motions to appoint counsel (ECF Nos. 5 & 34) are denied; 22 5. All other pending motions (ECF Nos. 9, 23 & 24) are denied as frivolous; and 23 6. Failure to timely file an amended complaint may result in dismissal of this action. 24 25 || Dated: May 23, 2024 Z Beatin JT bei, a = he Z LA We EDMUND F. BRENNAN UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 27 28