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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10
11 MICHAEL MANJEET SINGH, 1:22-cv-01446-JLT-GSA-(PC) 12
13 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS, RECOMMENDING THAT THIS CASE 14 vs. BE DISMISSED AS DUPLICATIVE OF CASE 1:22-cv-001412-ADA-EPG-(PC) 15 PHEIFFER, et al., OBJECTIONS, IF ANY, DUE ON OR 16 Defendants. BEFORE JULY 17, 2023
18 19 21 Michael Manjeet Singh (“Plaintiff”) is a state prisoner proceeding pro se with this civil 22 rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 23 The Court finds that this case, 1:22-cv-01446-JLT-GSA-(PC), filed by Plaintiff on 24 November 9, 2022, is duplicative of a case filed by Plaintiff on May 27, 2022 at the United States 25 District Court for the Northern District of California, which was subsequently transferred to this 26 Court on November 2, 2022, and opened as case 1:22-cv-01412-ADA-EPG-(PC). (ECF Nos. 20 27 & 21). 28 1 The Court shall recommend that this case, 1:22-cv-01446-JLT-GSA-(PC), be dismissed 2 as duplicative of case 1:22-cv-01412-ADA-EPG-(PC). 3 II. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND -- FIRST CASE, 22-1412 4 On April 18, 2022, Michael Manjeet Singh (“Plaintiff”) submitted a letter to the United 5 States District Court for the Northern District of California, which was used to open a civil rights 6 case. Subsequently, Plaintiff filed an amended complaint on August 4, 2022 (ECF No. 15), 7 thereafter the case was transferred from the Northern District of California to the Eastern District 8 of California on November 2, 2022 and assigned case number 1:22-cv-01412-ADA-EPG-(PC) 9 (hereinafter “22-1412”). ECF No. 21.) On December 5, 2022, Plaintiff paid the $402.00 filing 10 fee in full for this case. (case 22-1412, Court Record.) 11 III. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND -- SECOND CASE, 22-1446 12 Michael Manjeet Singh (“Plaintiff”) filed a Complaint commencing the present case, 13 1:22-cv-01446-JLT-GSA-(PC) (hereinafter “22-1446”), on November 9, 2002. (ECF No. 1.) 14 On April 7, 2023, the Court issued an order requiring Plaintiff to pay the $402.00 filing 15 fee for this case in full within 30 days. (ECF No. 11.) On May 2, 2023, Plaintiff filed a motion 16 for extension of time and the Court granted him an extension of time until June 1, 2023 to pay 17 the filing fee. (ECF Nos. 13, 14.) On May 19, 2023, Plaintiff filed another motion for extension 18 of time and a motion to consolidate this case with his prior cases. (ECF No. 15.) The motion is 19 pending. 20 On June 1, 2023, Plaintiff filed a response to the Court in which he alleges that the 21 $402.00 filing fee for this case was already paid in full on November 28, 2022 with check # 22 1503047 in case no. 1:22-cv-01412-ADA-EPG-(PC). (ECF No. 16.) 24 “District courts retain broad discretion to control their dockets and ‘[i]n the exercise of 25 that power they may impose sanctions including, where appropriate, default or dismissal.’” 26 Adams v. California Dept. of Health Services, 487 F.3d 684, 688 (9th Cir. 2007) (quoting 27 Thompson v. Hous. Auth. of City of Los Angeles, 782 F.2d 829, 831 (9th Cir. 1986) (per 28 curiam)). “After weighing the equities of the case, the district court may exercise its discretion 1 to dismiss a duplicative later-filed action, to stay that action pending resolution of the previously 2 filed action, to enjoin the parties from proceeding with it, or to consolidate both actions.” Adams, 3 497 F.3d at 688 (citing see Curtis v. Citibank, N.A., 226 F.3d 133, 138–39 (2d Cir. 2000); Walton 4 v. Eaton Corp., 563 F.2d 66, 70–71 (3d Cir. 1977) (en banc), cited with approval in Russ v. 5 Standard Ins. Co., 120 F.3d 988, 990 (9th Cir. 1997)). 6 “Plaintiffs generally have ‘no right to maintain two separate actions involving the same 7 subject matter at the same time in the same court and against the same defendant.’” Adams, 497 8 F.3d at 688 (quoting Walton, 563 F.2d at 70; see also Curtis, 226 F.3d at 138–39; Serlin v. Arthur 9 Andersen & Co., 3 F.3d 221, 223–24 (7th Cir. 1993)). 10 In assessing duplicative lawsuits, “we examine whether the causes of action and relief 11 sought, as well as the parties or privies to the action, are the same.” Adams, 487 F.3d at 689. 12 “Under the first part of the duplicative action test, [t]o ascertain whether successive causes of 13 action are the same, [a court should] use the transaction test, developed in the context of claim 14 preclusion [and articulated in Adams].” In re Consol. Salmon Cases, 688 F. Supp. 2d 1001, 1007 15 (E.D. Cal. 2010) (internal quotation marks omitted). “[A] suit is duplicative if the claims, parties, 16 and available relief do not significantly differ between the two actions.” Morris v. Mini, No. 17 212CV1774TLNDMCP, 2019 WL 3425277, at *10 (E.D. Cal. July 30, 2019) (quoting Adams, 18 487 F.3d at 689 (internal quotation marks omitted). 20 Upon receipt of Plaintiff’s response to the Court filed on June 1, 2023, the Court reviewed 21 the records for both of Plaintiff’s pending cases, 22-1412 and 22-1446, and found that they are 22 duplicative cases under the law. Plaintiff alleged in his response that the $402.00 filing fee for 23 the present case, 22-1446, was already paid in full on November 28, 2022 with check # 1503047 24 in case no. 1:22-cv-01412-ADA-EPG-(PC). (ECF No. 16.) Indeed, Plaintiff paid the $402.00 25 filing fee in full in case 22-1412, on December 5, 2022. (case 22-1412, Court Record.) 26 A review of the two cases shows that the parties, causes of actions, and relief sought are 27 the same, and the later-filed case, 22-1446, should be dismissed as duplicative of case 22-1412. 28 A. Defendants 1 Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint in case 22-1412 and Complaint in the present case, 22- 2 1446, both name the same 8 defendants: (1) Warden Pheiffer, (2) unnamed SHU/ASU Captain, 3 (3) unnamed SHU/ASU Lieutenant, (4)/(5) two unnamed SHU/ASU Sergeants, (6) Correctional 4 Officer (“C/O”) Veith, (7) C/O Fowler, and (8) C.O Diaz. (See case 22-1412, ECF No. 15 at pp. 5 4-5; case 22-1446, ECF No. 1 at pp. 3-4. )1 6 B. Amended Complaint & Complaint 7 Nine pages are identical in the Amended Complaint (22-1412) and Complaint (22-1446), 8 containing Plaintiff’s Introduction, Jurisdiction and Venue, Parties, Exhaustion of Available 9 State Remedies, Facts, Claims for Relief, and Relief Requested. (See case 22-1412, ECF No. 15 10 at pp. 4-12; case 22-1446, ECF No. 1 at pp. 6-14.) In both cases, Plaintiff claims that: 11 Defendants caused Plaintiff to suffer intense physical, mental, and emotional pain 12 and suffering, in violation of the 8th Amendment and State law. The complaint 13 alleges that Defendants (a) used unnecessary force; (b) failed to intervene as two 14 officers brutally beat Plaintiff, exposing Plaintiff to an obvious risk of serious 15 and/or fatal harm further exacerbated by (c) deprived Plaintiff of medical care and 16 treatment following the brutal stomping out and repeated hits to his face and 17 banging of his head on the concrete floor, (d) deliberately exposed Plaintiff to 18 unsafe complications - by leaving Plaintiff in a state of unconsciousness in the 19 cell where defendants beat him down, notwithstanding his cries for help. 20 (See case 22-1412, ECF No. 15 at p. 4; case 22-1446, ECF No. 1 at p.
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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10
11 MICHAEL MANJEET SINGH, 1:22-cv-01446-JLT-GSA-(PC) 12
13 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS, RECOMMENDING THAT THIS CASE 14 vs. BE DISMISSED AS DUPLICATIVE OF CASE 1:22-cv-001412-ADA-EPG-(PC) 15 PHEIFFER, et al., OBJECTIONS, IF ANY, DUE ON OR 16 Defendants. BEFORE JULY 17, 2023
18 19 21 Michael Manjeet Singh (“Plaintiff”) is a state prisoner proceeding pro se with this civil 22 rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 23 The Court finds that this case, 1:22-cv-01446-JLT-GSA-(PC), filed by Plaintiff on 24 November 9, 2022, is duplicative of a case filed by Plaintiff on May 27, 2022 at the United States 25 District Court for the Northern District of California, which was subsequently transferred to this 26 Court on November 2, 2022, and opened as case 1:22-cv-01412-ADA-EPG-(PC). (ECF Nos. 20 27 & 21). 28 1 The Court shall recommend that this case, 1:22-cv-01446-JLT-GSA-(PC), be dismissed 2 as duplicative of case 1:22-cv-01412-ADA-EPG-(PC). 3 II. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND -- FIRST CASE, 22-1412 4 On April 18, 2022, Michael Manjeet Singh (“Plaintiff”) submitted a letter to the United 5 States District Court for the Northern District of California, which was used to open a civil rights 6 case. Subsequently, Plaintiff filed an amended complaint on August 4, 2022 (ECF No. 15), 7 thereafter the case was transferred from the Northern District of California to the Eastern District 8 of California on November 2, 2022 and assigned case number 1:22-cv-01412-ADA-EPG-(PC) 9 (hereinafter “22-1412”). ECF No. 21.) On December 5, 2022, Plaintiff paid the $402.00 filing 10 fee in full for this case. (case 22-1412, Court Record.) 11 III. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND -- SECOND CASE, 22-1446 12 Michael Manjeet Singh (“Plaintiff”) filed a Complaint commencing the present case, 13 1:22-cv-01446-JLT-GSA-(PC) (hereinafter “22-1446”), on November 9, 2002. (ECF No. 1.) 14 On April 7, 2023, the Court issued an order requiring Plaintiff to pay the $402.00 filing 15 fee for this case in full within 30 days. (ECF No. 11.) On May 2, 2023, Plaintiff filed a motion 16 for extension of time and the Court granted him an extension of time until June 1, 2023 to pay 17 the filing fee. (ECF Nos. 13, 14.) On May 19, 2023, Plaintiff filed another motion for extension 18 of time and a motion to consolidate this case with his prior cases. (ECF No. 15.) The motion is 19 pending. 20 On June 1, 2023, Plaintiff filed a response to the Court in which he alleges that the 21 $402.00 filing fee for this case was already paid in full on November 28, 2022 with check # 22 1503047 in case no. 1:22-cv-01412-ADA-EPG-(PC). (ECF No. 16.) 24 “District courts retain broad discretion to control their dockets and ‘[i]n the exercise of 25 that power they may impose sanctions including, where appropriate, default or dismissal.’” 26 Adams v. California Dept. of Health Services, 487 F.3d 684, 688 (9th Cir. 2007) (quoting 27 Thompson v. Hous. Auth. of City of Los Angeles, 782 F.2d 829, 831 (9th Cir. 1986) (per 28 curiam)). “After weighing the equities of the case, the district court may exercise its discretion 1 to dismiss a duplicative later-filed action, to stay that action pending resolution of the previously 2 filed action, to enjoin the parties from proceeding with it, or to consolidate both actions.” Adams, 3 497 F.3d at 688 (citing see Curtis v. Citibank, N.A., 226 F.3d 133, 138–39 (2d Cir. 2000); Walton 4 v. Eaton Corp., 563 F.2d 66, 70–71 (3d Cir. 1977) (en banc), cited with approval in Russ v. 5 Standard Ins. Co., 120 F.3d 988, 990 (9th Cir. 1997)). 6 “Plaintiffs generally have ‘no right to maintain two separate actions involving the same 7 subject matter at the same time in the same court and against the same defendant.’” Adams, 497 8 F.3d at 688 (quoting Walton, 563 F.2d at 70; see also Curtis, 226 F.3d at 138–39; Serlin v. Arthur 9 Andersen & Co., 3 F.3d 221, 223–24 (7th Cir. 1993)). 10 In assessing duplicative lawsuits, “we examine whether the causes of action and relief 11 sought, as well as the parties or privies to the action, are the same.” Adams, 487 F.3d at 689. 12 “Under the first part of the duplicative action test, [t]o ascertain whether successive causes of 13 action are the same, [a court should] use the transaction test, developed in the context of claim 14 preclusion [and articulated in Adams].” In re Consol. Salmon Cases, 688 F. Supp. 2d 1001, 1007 15 (E.D. Cal. 2010) (internal quotation marks omitted). “[A] suit is duplicative if the claims, parties, 16 and available relief do not significantly differ between the two actions.” Morris v. Mini, No. 17 212CV1774TLNDMCP, 2019 WL 3425277, at *10 (E.D. Cal. July 30, 2019) (quoting Adams, 18 487 F.3d at 689 (internal quotation marks omitted). 20 Upon receipt of Plaintiff’s response to the Court filed on June 1, 2023, the Court reviewed 21 the records for both of Plaintiff’s pending cases, 22-1412 and 22-1446, and found that they are 22 duplicative cases under the law. Plaintiff alleged in his response that the $402.00 filing fee for 23 the present case, 22-1446, was already paid in full on November 28, 2022 with check # 1503047 24 in case no. 1:22-cv-01412-ADA-EPG-(PC). (ECF No. 16.) Indeed, Plaintiff paid the $402.00 25 filing fee in full in case 22-1412, on December 5, 2022. (case 22-1412, Court Record.) 26 A review of the two cases shows that the parties, causes of actions, and relief sought are 27 the same, and the later-filed case, 22-1446, should be dismissed as duplicative of case 22-1412. 28 A. Defendants 1 Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint in case 22-1412 and Complaint in the present case, 22- 2 1446, both name the same 8 defendants: (1) Warden Pheiffer, (2) unnamed SHU/ASU Captain, 3 (3) unnamed SHU/ASU Lieutenant, (4)/(5) two unnamed SHU/ASU Sergeants, (6) Correctional 4 Officer (“C/O”) Veith, (7) C/O Fowler, and (8) C.O Diaz. (See case 22-1412, ECF No. 15 at pp. 5 4-5; case 22-1446, ECF No. 1 at pp. 3-4. )1 6 B. Amended Complaint & Complaint 7 Nine pages are identical in the Amended Complaint (22-1412) and Complaint (22-1446), 8 containing Plaintiff’s Introduction, Jurisdiction and Venue, Parties, Exhaustion of Available 9 State Remedies, Facts, Claims for Relief, and Relief Requested. (See case 22-1412, ECF No. 15 10 at pp. 4-12; case 22-1446, ECF No. 1 at pp. 6-14.) In both cases, Plaintiff claims that: 11 Defendants caused Plaintiff to suffer intense physical, mental, and emotional pain 12 and suffering, in violation of the 8th Amendment and State law. The complaint 13 alleges that Defendants (a) used unnecessary force; (b) failed to intervene as two 14 officers brutally beat Plaintiff, exposing Plaintiff to an obvious risk of serious 15 and/or fatal harm further exacerbated by (c) deprived Plaintiff of medical care and 16 treatment following the brutal stomping out and repeated hits to his face and 17 banging of his head on the concrete floor, (d) deliberately exposed Plaintiff to 18 unsafe complications - by leaving Plaintiff in a state of unconsciousness in the 19 cell where defendants beat him down, notwithstanding his cries for help. 20 (See case 22-1412, ECF No. 15 at p. 4; case 22-1446, ECF No. 1 at p. 6.) 21 The allegations in both cases describe the same incidents at issue, which allegedly 22 occurred at Kern Valley State Prison (KVSP) in Delano, California, when Plaintiff was 23 incarcerated there, beginning on June 8, 2021 when Plaintiff arrived at KVSP. The Amended 24 Complaint and Complaint both include Plaintiff’s 85 separate paragraphs of handwritten text, 25 which are the same in both cases. (See case 22-1412, ECF No. 15 at pp. 4-11; case 22-1446, 26 ECF No. 1 at pp. 6-13.) 27 28 1 The page numbers referred to by the Court are those numbers assigned by the Court’s CM/ECF system and not the numbers used by the parties on their documents. 1 2 Relief Requested 3 Plaintiff’s signatures on both the Amended Complaint and Complaint are dated May 3, 4 2022, and Plaintiff requests exactly the same relief in both cases: declaratory relief; monetary 5 damages including compensatory, punitive, and nominal damages; appointment of counsel; 6 reimbursement of costs, expenses, and fees; and injunctive relief providing medical care and 7 medical equipment. 8 D. Exhibits and Other Variations 9 The number of exhibits in the two cases, attached to the Amended Complaint and 10 Complaint, vary. Plaintiff attached 6 pages of documents as exhibits to the Amended Complaint 11 in 22-1412, whereas he attached 23 pages of documents to the Complaint in 22-1446. Despite 12 these and other minor variations, the Court finds the cases to be duplicative. “[A] suit is 13 duplicative if the claims, parties, and available relief do not significantly differ between the two 14 actions.” Morris, 2019 WL 3425277, at *10. 15 Based on the foregoing, the Court finds that Plaintiff’s two pending cases are duplicative, 16 and case 22-1446, which was filed after case 22-1412, should be dismissed as duplicative. 18 The Court finds that the present case, 1:22-cv-01446-JLT-GSA-(PC); Singh v. Pheiffer, 19 et al., is duplicative of case 1:22-cv-01412-ADA-EPG-(PC); Singh v. Pheiffer, et al., and should 20 be dismissed as such. 21 Therefore, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that: 22 1. This case, 1:22-cv-01446-JLT-GSA-(PC); Singh v. Pheiffer, et al., be 23 DISMISSED as duplicative of case 1:22-cv-01412-ADA-EPG-(PC); Singh v. 24 Pheiffer, et al.; and 25 2. The Clerk be directed to administratively CLOSE this case. 26 These Findings and Recommendations will be submitted to the United States District 27 Judge assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of Title 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). On or 28 before July 17, 2023, any party may file written objections with the Court. The document should 1 be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” The parties 2 are advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may result in the waiver of 3 rights on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 838-39 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. 4 Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). 5 IT IS SO ORDERED. 6
7 Dated: June 22, 2023 /s/ Gary S. Austin UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 8
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