1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10
11 RAGHVENDRA SINGH, ) Case No.: 1:22-cv-00061-SAB (PC) ) 12 Plaintiff, ) ORDER DIRECTING CLERK OF COURT TO RANDOMLY ASSIGN A DISTRICT JUDGE ) 13 v. ) FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION 14 SHUBHANGINI DEVINE, et.al., ) RECOMMENDING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION ) FOR EMERGENCY INJUNCTIVE RELIEF BE 15 Defendants. ) DENIED ) 16 ) [ECF No. 17] ) 17 ) FOURTEEN DAY DEADLINE
) 18
19 Plaintiff Raghvendra Singh is appearing pro se and in forma pauperis in this civil rights action 20 pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 21 Currently before the Court is Plaintiff’s request to transfer to Sacramento, filed as an 22 “emergency request.” (ECF No. 17.) The Court construes the filing as a motion for emergency 23 injunctive relief. 24 I. 25 LEGAL STANDARDS 26 Procedurally, a federal district court may issue emergency injunctive relief only if it has 27 personal jurisdiction over the parties and subject matter jurisdiction over the lawsuit. See Murphy 28 Bros., Inc. v. Michetti Pipe Stringing, Inc., 526 U.S. 344, 350 (1999) (noting that one “becomes a 1 party officially, and is required to take action in that capacity, only upon service of summons or other 2 authority-asserting measure stating the time within which the party serve must appear to defend.). 3 Furthermore, the pendency of this action does not give the Court jurisdiction over prison officials in 4 general. Summers v. Earth Island Inst., 555 U.S. 488, 491–93 (2009); Mayfield v. United States, 599 5 F.3d 964, 969 (9th Cir. 2010). The Court’s jurisdiction is limited to the parties in this action and to the 6 viable legal claims upon which this action is proceeding. Summers, 555 U.S. at 491−93; Mayfield, 7 599 F.3d at 969. 8 A temporary restraining order is an extraordinary measure of relief that a federal court may 9 impose without notice to the adverse party if, in an affidavit or verified complaint, the moving party 10 “clearly show[s] that immediate and irreparable injury, loss, or damage will result to the movant 11 before the adverse party can be heard in opposition.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(b)(1)(A). The standard for 12 issuing a temporary restraining order is essentially the same as that for issuing a preliminary 13 injunction. Stuhlbarg Int’l Sales Co. v. John D. Brush & Co., 240 F.3d 832, 839 n.7 (9th Cir. 2001) 14 (analysis for temporary restraining orders and preliminary injunctions is “substantially identical”). 15 “A preliminary injunction is an extraordinary remedy never awarded as of right.” Winter v. 16 Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 24 (2008) (citation omitted). “A plaintiff seeking a 17 preliminary injunction must establish that he is likely to succeed on the merits, that he is likely to 18 suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary relief, that the balance of equities tips in his 19 favor, and that an injunction is in the public interest.” Id. at 20 (citations omitted). An injunction may 20 only be awarded upon a clear showing that the plaintiff is entitled to relief. Id. at 22 (citation omitted). 21 “Under Winter, plaintiffs must establish that irreparable harm is likely, not just possible, in order to 22 obtain a preliminary injunction.” Alliance for the Wild Rockies v. Cottrell, 632 F.3d 1127, 1131 (9th 23 Cir. 2011). 24 Requests for prospective relief are further limited by 18 U.S.C. § 3626(a)(1)(A) of the Prison 25 Litigation Reform Act, which requires that the Court find the “relief [sought] is narrowly drawn, 26 extends no further than necessary to correct the violation of the Federal right, and is the least intrusive 27 means necessary to correct the violation of the Federal right.” Section 3626(a)(2) also places 28 significant limits upon a court’s power to grant preliminary injunctive relief to inmates. “Section 1 3626(a) therefore operates simultaneously to restrict the equity jurisdiction of federal courts and to 2 protect the bargaining power of prison administrators – no longer may courts grant or approve relief 3 that binds prison administrators to do more than the constitutional minimum.” Gilmore v. People of 4 the State of California, 220 F.3d 987, 999 (9th Cir. 2000). 5 II. 6 DISCUSSION 7 Plaintiff filed this action on January 13, 2022. (ECF No. 1.) The court screened Plaintiff’s 8 complaint on February 18, 2022, and granted Plaintiff leave to amend. (ECF No. 8.) Plaintiff filed a 9 first amended complaint on April 21, 2022, and the Court screened the complaint on April 29, 2022, 10 and granted leave to amend. (ECF Nos. 10, 13.) Plaintiff filed a second amended complaint on June 11 22, 2022, the same date as the emergency motion to transfer to Sacramento. (ECF Nos. 16, 17.) 12 In the emergency motion, Plaintiff states that: 13 We have effectively no service, no law library, no legal paper, etc., so, I can not do anything. I still submit amended complaint prepared by others. 14 I will be released this year. After release, I will be able to do something including amendment. Delano has bad air quality, pollens, valley fever, 15 polluted water, poison arsenic in water, and no hot water. Gangs and staff extort, rob, misuse and beat non-gang inmates like me. Accordingly, non- 16 gang inmates like me have breathing problem should not be in Delano.
17 If this court is able to transfer me to Sacramento, please do so. This is an emergency request. My counselor M. Banales agrees with me and applied 18 for my transfer to Sacramento. But, C5U Unit at CDCR headquarter denied my transfer due to COVID-19. That restriction is no longer in 19 effect. A counselor can try only once in a year, so, please help me. 20 (ECF No. 17.) 21 The Court has not screened Plaintiff’s second amended complaint. At this juncture of the case, 22 the Court cannot determine that Plaintiff is likely to succeed on the merits of the Case. Second, the 23 United States Marshal has yet to effect service on any Defendant, and Defendants have no actual 24 notice. Therefore, the Court has no personal jurisdiction over any Defendant at this time. Fed. R. Civ. 25 P. 65(d)(2); Murphy Bros., Inc. v. Michetti Pipe Stringing, Inc., 526 U.S. 344, 350 (1999); Zepeda v. 26 U.S. I.N.S., 753 F.2d 719, 727-28 (9th Cir. 1983). Third, even if the Court had personal jurisdiction 27 over the individuals named in the complaint, Plaintiff has failed to demonstrate imminent irreparable 28 1 harm necessary to support a preliminary injunction. See Winter, 555 U.S. at 20; Alliance for the Wild 2 Rockies v. Cottrell, 632 F.3d 1127, 1131 (9th Cir. 2011).
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10
11 RAGHVENDRA SINGH, ) Case No.: 1:22-cv-00061-SAB (PC) ) 12 Plaintiff, ) ORDER DIRECTING CLERK OF COURT TO RANDOMLY ASSIGN A DISTRICT JUDGE ) 13 v. ) FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION 14 SHUBHANGINI DEVINE, et.al., ) RECOMMENDING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION ) FOR EMERGENCY INJUNCTIVE RELIEF BE 15 Defendants. ) DENIED ) 16 ) [ECF No. 17] ) 17 ) FOURTEEN DAY DEADLINE
) 18
19 Plaintiff Raghvendra Singh is appearing pro se and in forma pauperis in this civil rights action 20 pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 21 Currently before the Court is Plaintiff’s request to transfer to Sacramento, filed as an 22 “emergency request.” (ECF No. 17.) The Court construes the filing as a motion for emergency 23 injunctive relief. 24 I. 25 LEGAL STANDARDS 26 Procedurally, a federal district court may issue emergency injunctive relief only if it has 27 personal jurisdiction over the parties and subject matter jurisdiction over the lawsuit. See Murphy 28 Bros., Inc. v. Michetti Pipe Stringing, Inc., 526 U.S. 344, 350 (1999) (noting that one “becomes a 1 party officially, and is required to take action in that capacity, only upon service of summons or other 2 authority-asserting measure stating the time within which the party serve must appear to defend.). 3 Furthermore, the pendency of this action does not give the Court jurisdiction over prison officials in 4 general. Summers v. Earth Island Inst., 555 U.S. 488, 491–93 (2009); Mayfield v. United States, 599 5 F.3d 964, 969 (9th Cir. 2010). The Court’s jurisdiction is limited to the parties in this action and to the 6 viable legal claims upon which this action is proceeding. Summers, 555 U.S. at 491−93; Mayfield, 7 599 F.3d at 969. 8 A temporary restraining order is an extraordinary measure of relief that a federal court may 9 impose without notice to the adverse party if, in an affidavit or verified complaint, the moving party 10 “clearly show[s] that immediate and irreparable injury, loss, or damage will result to the movant 11 before the adverse party can be heard in opposition.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(b)(1)(A). The standard for 12 issuing a temporary restraining order is essentially the same as that for issuing a preliminary 13 injunction. Stuhlbarg Int’l Sales Co. v. John D. Brush & Co., 240 F.3d 832, 839 n.7 (9th Cir. 2001) 14 (analysis for temporary restraining orders and preliminary injunctions is “substantially identical”). 15 “A preliminary injunction is an extraordinary remedy never awarded as of right.” Winter v. 16 Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 24 (2008) (citation omitted). “A plaintiff seeking a 17 preliminary injunction must establish that he is likely to succeed on the merits, that he is likely to 18 suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary relief, that the balance of equities tips in his 19 favor, and that an injunction is in the public interest.” Id. at 20 (citations omitted). An injunction may 20 only be awarded upon a clear showing that the plaintiff is entitled to relief. Id. at 22 (citation omitted). 21 “Under Winter, plaintiffs must establish that irreparable harm is likely, not just possible, in order to 22 obtain a preliminary injunction.” Alliance for the Wild Rockies v. Cottrell, 632 F.3d 1127, 1131 (9th 23 Cir. 2011). 24 Requests for prospective relief are further limited by 18 U.S.C. § 3626(a)(1)(A) of the Prison 25 Litigation Reform Act, which requires that the Court find the “relief [sought] is narrowly drawn, 26 extends no further than necessary to correct the violation of the Federal right, and is the least intrusive 27 means necessary to correct the violation of the Federal right.” Section 3626(a)(2) also places 28 significant limits upon a court’s power to grant preliminary injunctive relief to inmates. “Section 1 3626(a) therefore operates simultaneously to restrict the equity jurisdiction of federal courts and to 2 protect the bargaining power of prison administrators – no longer may courts grant or approve relief 3 that binds prison administrators to do more than the constitutional minimum.” Gilmore v. People of 4 the State of California, 220 F.3d 987, 999 (9th Cir. 2000). 5 II. 6 DISCUSSION 7 Plaintiff filed this action on January 13, 2022. (ECF No. 1.) The court screened Plaintiff’s 8 complaint on February 18, 2022, and granted Plaintiff leave to amend. (ECF No. 8.) Plaintiff filed a 9 first amended complaint on April 21, 2022, and the Court screened the complaint on April 29, 2022, 10 and granted leave to amend. (ECF Nos. 10, 13.) Plaintiff filed a second amended complaint on June 11 22, 2022, the same date as the emergency motion to transfer to Sacramento. (ECF Nos. 16, 17.) 12 In the emergency motion, Plaintiff states that: 13 We have effectively no service, no law library, no legal paper, etc., so, I can not do anything. I still submit amended complaint prepared by others. 14 I will be released this year. After release, I will be able to do something including amendment. Delano has bad air quality, pollens, valley fever, 15 polluted water, poison arsenic in water, and no hot water. Gangs and staff extort, rob, misuse and beat non-gang inmates like me. Accordingly, non- 16 gang inmates like me have breathing problem should not be in Delano.
17 If this court is able to transfer me to Sacramento, please do so. This is an emergency request. My counselor M. Banales agrees with me and applied 18 for my transfer to Sacramento. But, C5U Unit at CDCR headquarter denied my transfer due to COVID-19. That restriction is no longer in 19 effect. A counselor can try only once in a year, so, please help me. 20 (ECF No. 17.) 21 The Court has not screened Plaintiff’s second amended complaint. At this juncture of the case, 22 the Court cannot determine that Plaintiff is likely to succeed on the merits of the Case. Second, the 23 United States Marshal has yet to effect service on any Defendant, and Defendants have no actual 24 notice. Therefore, the Court has no personal jurisdiction over any Defendant at this time. Fed. R. Civ. 25 P. 65(d)(2); Murphy Bros., Inc. v. Michetti Pipe Stringing, Inc., 526 U.S. 344, 350 (1999); Zepeda v. 26 U.S. I.N.S., 753 F.2d 719, 727-28 (9th Cir. 1983). Third, even if the Court had personal jurisdiction 27 over the individuals named in the complaint, Plaintiff has failed to demonstrate imminent irreparable 28 1 harm necessary to support a preliminary injunction. See Winter, 555 U.S. at 20; Alliance for the Wild 2 Rockies v. Cottrell, 632 F.3d 1127, 1131 (9th Cir. 2011). “The fact that plaintiff has met the pleading 3 requirements allowing him to proceed with the complaint does not, ipso facto, entitle him to a 4 preliminary injunction.” Claiborne v. Blauser, No. CIV S-10-2427 LKK, 2011 WL 3875892, at *8 5 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 31, 2011), report and recommended adopted, No. CIV S-10-2427 LKK, 2011 WL 6 4765000 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 29, 2011). Instead, to meet the “irreparable harm” requirement, Plaintiff 7 must do more than simply allege imminent harm; he must demonstrate it. Caribbean Marine Servs. 8 Co., Inc. v. Baldridge, 844 F.2d 668, 674 (9th Cir. 1988). Mere “[s]peculative injury does not 9 constitute irreparable injury sufficient to warrant granting a preliminary injunction.” Id. at 674-75. 10 Plaintiff does not have a constitutional right to be housed or transferred to the institution of his 11 choosing. See Olim v. Wakinekona, 461 U.S. 238, 244-48 (1983). The Court finds Plaintiff’s 12 generalized statements concerning a lack of access to the law library, polluted air and water, and that 13 non-gang members like him are mistreated throughout the prison, do not demonstrate, or even allege, 14 imminent irreparable harm. While Plaintiff avers to these general conditions, Plaintiff does not clearly 15 allege that he will be subject to specific future harm, and even if construed as alleging these conditions 16 will cause him harm, such allegations would be speculative as presented. See Caribbean Marine, 844 17 F.2d at 674-75. Plaintiff fails to establish that he currently faces the type of immediate and credible 18 threat of irreparable harm necessary to justify extraordinary injunctive relief at this stage of the case. 19 City of Los Angeles v. Lyons, 461 U.S. 95, 102(1983); Goldie’s Bookstore, Inc. v. Superior Court of 20 State of Cal., 739 F.2d 466, 472 (9th Cir. 1984) (“Speculative injury does not constitute irreparable 21 injury.”); Rigsby v. State, No. CV 11-1696-PHX-DGC, 2013 WL 1283778, at *5 (D. Ariz. Mar. 28, 22 23 2013) (denying prisoner’s TRO based on fear of potential future injury based on past assaults); 24 Chappell v. Stankorb, No. 1:11-CV-01425-LJO, 2012 WL 1413889, at *2 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 23, 2012) 25 (denying injunctive relief where prisoner’s claims of injury based on current or future housing 26 decisions were nothing “more than speculative.”), report and recommendation adopted, No. 1:11-CV- 27 01425-LJO, 2012 WL 2839816 (E.D. Cal. July 9, 2012). A presently existing actual threat must be 28 shown, even though injury need not be certain to occur. See Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc., 395 U.S. 100, 130-31 (1969); FDIC v. Garner, 125 F.3d 1272, 1279-80 (9th Cir. 1997); Caribbean Marine, 844 F.2d at 674. 3 Plaintiff's vague and generalized allegations about the conditions at his prison do not support 4 finding of irreparable future harm. Accordingly, the Court recommends that Plaintiffs motion for ° emergency injunctive relief order should be denied. 6 Il. ORDER AND RECOMMENDATION Accordingly, the Clerk of the Court is HEREBY DIRECTED to randomly assign a District ° Judge to this action. 0 Based on the foregoing, it is HEREBY RECOMMENDED that Plaintiff's motion for emergency injunctive relief (ECF No. 17), be DENIED. This Findings and Recommendation will be submitted to the United States District Judge assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of Title 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Within fourteen (14)
5 days after being served with these Findings and Recommendation, Plaintiff may file written □□□□□□□□□ 6 with the court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and
7 Recommendation.” Plaintiff is advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may 18 result in the waiver of the “right to challenge the magistrate’s factual findings” on appeal. Wilkerson 19 v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 839 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Ci 20 1991)). IT IS SO ORDERED. OF ZL, 53 || Dated: June 23, 2022 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 24 25 26 27 28