(PC) Simms v. Edwards

District Court, E.D. California·Decided September 23, 2024·No. 1:22-cv-00028·Unknown

Opinion

DEJWAN SIMMS, Case No. 1:22-cv-00028-BAM (PC) Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT v. FOR FAILURE TO EXHAUST ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDIES (ECF No. 31) Defendant.

I. Background Plaintiff Dejwan Simms (“Plaintiff”) is a state prisoner proceeding pro se in this civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. This action proceeds against Defendant Edwards (“Defendant”) for deliberate indifference to medical needs and for failure to protect, in violation of the Eighth Amendment, relating to the events surrounding Plaintiff’s transport back to North Kern State Prison on October 16, 2020. All parties have consented to United States Magistrate Judge jurisdiction. (ECF No. 43.) On October 31, 2022, Defendant filed a motion for summary judgment on the ground that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact that Plaintiff failed to exhaust available administrative remedies before filing suit as required by the Prison Litigation Reform Act.1 (ECF

1 Concurrent with this motion, Plaintiff was provided with notice of the requirements for opposing a motion for summary judgment. See Woods v. Carey, 684 F.3d 934 (9th Cir. 2012); Rand v. Rowland, 154 F.3d 952, 957 (9th Cir. 1988); Klingele v. Eikenberry, 849 F.2d 409, 411–12 (9th Cir. 1988). (ECF No. 31-6.) No. 31.) Plaintiff filed his opposition on December 19, 2022. (ECF No. 34.) Defendant filed a reply brief on January 19, 2023. (ECF No. 37.) The motion for summary judgment is deemed submitted.2 Local Rule 230(l). II. Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment A. Statutory Exhaustion Requirement Section 1997e(a) of the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides that “[n]o action shall be brought with respect to prison conditions under [42 U.S.C. § 1983], or any other Federal law, by a prisoner confined in any jail, prison, or other correctional facility until such administrative remedies as are available are exhausted.” 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). Exhaustion is required regardless of the relief sought by the prisoner and regardless of the relief offered by the process, Booth v. Churner, 532 U.S. 731, 741 (2001), and the exhaustion requirement applies to all prisoner suits relating to prison life, Porter v. Nussle, 534 U.S. 516, 532 (2002). The failure to exhaust is an affirmative defense, and the defendants bear the burden of raising and proving the absence of exhaustion. Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199, 216 (2007); Albino, 747 F.3d at 1166. “In the rare event that a failure to exhaust is clear on the face of the complaint, a defendant may move for dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6).” Albino, 747 F.3d at 1166. Otherwise, the defendants must produce evidence proving the failure to exhaust, and they are entitled to summary judgment under Rule 56 only if the undisputed evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, shows he failed to exhaust. Id. Defendant must first prove that there was an available administrative remedy and that Plaintiff did not exhaust that available remedy. Williams v. Paramo, 775 F.3d 1182, 1191 (9th Cir. 2015) (citing Albino, 747 F.3d at 1172) (quotation marks omitted). The burden then shifts to Plaintiff to show something in his particular case made the existing and generally available administrative remedies effectively unavailable to him. Williams, 775 F.3d at 1191 (citing Albino, 747 F.3d at 1172) (quotation marks omitted). The ultimate burden of proof on the issue of exhaustion remains with Defendant. Id. (quotation marks omitted). 2 This motion was dropped inadvertently by the Court’s CM/ECF reporting/calendaring system resulting in the prolonged delay in resolution. B. Summary Judgment Standard Any party may move for summary judgment, and the Court shall grant summary judgment if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a) (quotation marks omitted); Albino, 747 F.3d at 1166; Wash. Mut. Inc. v. United States, 636 F.3d 1207, 1216 (9th Cir. 2011). Each party’s position, whether it be that a fact is disputed or undisputed, must be supported by (1) citing to particular parts of materials in the record, including but not limited to depositions, documents, declarations, or discovery; or (2) showing that the materials cited do not establish the presence or absence of a genuine dispute or that the opposing party cannot produce admissible evidence to support the fact. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1) (quotation marks omitted). The Court may consider other materials in the record not cited to by the parties, although it is not required to do so. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(3); Carmen v. S.F. Unified Sch. Dist., 237 F.3d 1026, 1031 (9th Cir. 2001); accord Simmons v. Navajo Cty., Ariz., 609 F.3d 1011, 1017 (9th Cir. 2010). The defendant bears the burden of proof in moving for summary judgment for failure to exhaust, Albino, 747 F.3d at 1166, and he must “prove that there was an available administrative remedy, and that the prisoner did not exhaust that available remedy,” id. at 1172. If the defendant carries his burden, the burden of production shifts to the plaintiff “to come forward with evidence showing that there is something in his particular case that made the existing and generally available administrative remedies effectively unavailable to him.” Id. “If undisputed evidence viewed in the light most favorable to the prisoner shows a failure to exhaust, a defendant is entitled to summary judgment under Rule 56.” Id. at 1166. However, “[i]f material facts are disputed, summary judgment should be denied, and the district judge rather than a jury should determine the facts.” Id. III. Discussion A. Summary of CDCR’s Administrative Review Process Effective June 1, 2020, the California prison grievance system has two levels of review. Cal. Code Regs. tit. 15, § 3480, et seq. Pursuant to this system, an inmate may “dispute a policy, decision, action, condition, or omission by the Department or departmental staff that causes some measurable harm to their health, safety, or welfare.” Id. § 3481(a). In response, the inmate claimant will receive a written decision from the Institutional or Regional Office of Grievances clearly explaining the reasoning for the Reviewing Authority’s decision as to each claim. Id. The inmate claimant has the ability to submit a written appeal concerning one or more claims to dispute the decision by the Institutional or Regional Office of Grievances, and in response will receive a written decision from the Office of Appeals clearly explaining the reasoning for the decision as to each claim. Id. Generally, “[c]ompletion of the review process b

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Related

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532 U.S. 731 (Supreme Court, 2001)
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Simmons v. Navajo County, Ariz.
609 F.3d 1011 (Ninth Circuit, 2010)
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393 F.3d 918 (Ninth Circuit, 2004)
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684 F.3d 934 (Ninth Circuit, 2012)
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134 F.3d 1393 (Ninth Circuit, 1998)