1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 JOSE DeJESUS RODRIGUEZ, No. 2:20-cv-173-JDP (PC) 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER 15 Defendant. 16 17 Plaintiff, proceeding without counsel under section 1983, sued defendant Michelle 18 Clemmons (“defendant”), a welfare case worker, for an alleged violation of his due process 19 rights. Defendant has now filed a motion to dismiss.1 ECF No. 18. Plaintiff has filed two 20 oppositions, ECF Nos. 23 & 27, and defendant has filed a reply, ECF No. 25. I will grant 21 defendant’s motion in part. 22 Legal Standards 23 A complaint may be dismissed for “failure to state a claim upon which relief may be 24 granted.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). To survive a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, a 25 plaintiff must allege “enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Bell 26 Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). A claim has “facial plausibility when the 27 28 1The parties have consented to magistrate judge jurisdiction. ECF No. 30. 1 plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the 2 defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) 3 (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556). The plausibility standard is not akin to a “probability 4 requirement,” but it requires more than a sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully. 5 Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. 6 For purposes of dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6), the court generally considers only 7 allegations contained in thepleadings, exhibits attached to the complaint, and matters properly 8 subject to judicial notice, and construes all well-pleaded,material factual allegations in the light 9 most favorable to the nonmoving party. Chubb Custom Ins. Co. v. Space Sys./Loral, Inc., 710 10 F.3d 946, 956 (9th Cir. 2013); Akhtar v. Mesa, 698 F.3d 1202, 1212 (9th Cir. 2012). 11 Dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) may be based on either: (1) the absenceof a cognizable 12 legal theory, or (2) insufficient facts under a cognizable legal theory. Chubb Custom Ins. Co., 13 710 F.3d at 956. Dismissal is also appropriate if the complaint alleges a fact that necessarily 14 defeats the claim. Franklin v. Murphy, 745 F.2d 1221, 1228-29 (9th Cir. 1984). 15 Pro se pleadings are held to a less-stringent standard than those drafted by lawyers. 16 Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 93 (2007) (per curiam). However, the court need not accept as 17 true unreasonable inferences or conclusory legal allegations cast in the form of factual 18 allegations. See Ileto v. Glock Inc., 349 F.3d 1191, 1200 (9th Cir. 2003) (citing Western Mining 19 Council v. Watt, 643 F.2d 618, 624 (9th Cir. 1981)). 20 Analysis 21 I. Background 22 Plaintiff alleges that his due process rights were violated when defendant, a welfare case 23 worker employed by San Joaquin County, terminated his Medi-Cal welfare benefits without a 24 “fair hearing.”2 ECF No. 1 at 3. He is suing defendant in both her individual and official 25 capacities. Id.at 3. A previous screening order found that, because due process safeguards are 26 2 As noted in the previous screening order, plaintiff’s complaint does not identify the 27 welfare benefits at issue. ECF No. 4 at 3. However, the California Department of Health Care Services administrative decision appended to the complaint shows that Medi-Cal benefits are at 28 issue. Id.at 19. 1 applicable to Medicare benefits, plaintiff had stated a potentially cognizable claim. ECF No. 4 at 2 4 (citing Zinman v. Shalala, 835 F. Supp. 1163, 1168 (N.D. Cal. 1993)). 3 II. Analysis 4 Defendant raises threearguments in support of her motion to dismiss. First, she states that 5 the complaint fails to allege any causal connection between her conduct and the alleged violation 6 of plaintiff’s rights. ECF No. 18 at 5. Second, she states that plaintiff has failed to allege the 7 elements of an official capacity claim against San Joaquin County. Id. Third, she claims that, 8 based on documents which the court should take judicial notice of, this action is now moot. Id.at 9 6. I consider mootness first, sinceit could relieve the court of jurisdiction. See Church of 10 Scientology v. United States, 506 U.S. 9, 12 (1992)(“It has long been settled that a federal court 11 has no authority to give opinions upon moot questions or abstract propositions, or to declare 12 principles or rules of law which cannot affect the matter in issue in the case before it.”) (internal 13 quotation marks omitted). 14 A. Mootness 15 Defendant argues that this action is moot because plaintiffreceived “timely and adequate 16 notice” of the intended termination of his Medi-Cal benefits. ECF No. 18 at 3-4. In support of 17 that argument,she asks the court to takejudicial notice of three exhibits: (1) a Medi-Cal renewal 18 form sent to plaintiff and dated September 5, 2019 (ECF No. 18-3 at 4-34); (2) a reminder notice 19 sent to plaintiff and dated October 25, 2019, indicatingthat the County of San Joaquin had not 20 received his Medi-Cal renewal form (id. at 36); and (3) a notice of action dated November 18, 21 2019that informed plaintiff that his Medi-Cal benefits were being stopped because he had not 22 providedthe required renewal information (id.at 38-40). I will take judicial notice of the 23 existenceand facial content of these documents. SeeFed. R. Evid. 201(b); see also United States 24 v. 14.02 Acres of Land More or Less in Fresno County, 547 F.3d 943, 955 (9th Cir. 2008) 25 (“Judicial notice is appropriate for records and reports of administrative bodies.”); Grant v. 26 Aurora Loan Servs., 736 F. Supp. 2d 1257, 1263-64 (C.D. Cal. 2010)(taking judicial notice of 27 documents recorded by Los Angeles County Recorder’s Office). This does not, however, 28 establish mootness. 1 A case is moot “whenthe issues presented are no longer ‘live’or the parties lack a legally 2 cognizable interest in the outcome.” Powell v. McCormack, 395 U.S. 486, 496 (1969). Here, 3 judiciallynoticeable fact cannot establish mootness. The existence ofthe aforementioned 4 documents does not showthat plaintiffactuallyreceivedtimely and adequate notice(and plaintiff 5 says that he did not). See Lee v. City of Los Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 669 (9th Cir. 2001) (“[A] 6 court may not take judicial notice of a fact that is ‘subject to reasonable dispute.’”); Hennessy v. 7 Penril Datacomm Networks, 69 F.3d 1344, 1354(7th Cir. 1995) (“In order for a fact to be 8 judicially noticed, indisputability is a prerequisite.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 JOSE DeJESUS RODRIGUEZ, No. 2:20-cv-173-JDP (PC) 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER 15 Defendant. 16 17 Plaintiff, proceeding without counsel under section 1983, sued defendant Michelle 18 Clemmons (“defendant”), a welfare case worker, for an alleged violation of his due process 19 rights. Defendant has now filed a motion to dismiss.1 ECF No. 18. Plaintiff has filed two 20 oppositions, ECF Nos. 23 & 27, and defendant has filed a reply, ECF No. 25. I will grant 21 defendant’s motion in part. 22 Legal Standards 23 A complaint may be dismissed for “failure to state a claim upon which relief may be 24 granted.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). To survive a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, a 25 plaintiff must allege “enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Bell 26 Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). A claim has “facial plausibility when the 27 28 1The parties have consented to magistrate judge jurisdiction. ECF No. 30. 1 plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the 2 defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) 3 (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556). The plausibility standard is not akin to a “probability 4 requirement,” but it requires more than a sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully. 5 Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. 6 For purposes of dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6), the court generally considers only 7 allegations contained in thepleadings, exhibits attached to the complaint, and matters properly 8 subject to judicial notice, and construes all well-pleaded,material factual allegations in the light 9 most favorable to the nonmoving party. Chubb Custom Ins. Co. v. Space Sys./Loral, Inc., 710 10 F.3d 946, 956 (9th Cir. 2013); Akhtar v. Mesa, 698 F.3d 1202, 1212 (9th Cir. 2012). 11 Dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) may be based on either: (1) the absenceof a cognizable 12 legal theory, or (2) insufficient facts under a cognizable legal theory. Chubb Custom Ins. Co., 13 710 F.3d at 956. Dismissal is also appropriate if the complaint alleges a fact that necessarily 14 defeats the claim. Franklin v. Murphy, 745 F.2d 1221, 1228-29 (9th Cir. 1984). 15 Pro se pleadings are held to a less-stringent standard than those drafted by lawyers. 16 Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 93 (2007) (per curiam). However, the court need not accept as 17 true unreasonable inferences or conclusory legal allegations cast in the form of factual 18 allegations. See Ileto v. Glock Inc., 349 F.3d 1191, 1200 (9th Cir. 2003) (citing Western Mining 19 Council v. Watt, 643 F.2d 618, 624 (9th Cir. 1981)). 20 Analysis 21 I. Background 22 Plaintiff alleges that his due process rights were violated when defendant, a welfare case 23 worker employed by San Joaquin County, terminated his Medi-Cal welfare benefits without a 24 “fair hearing.”2 ECF No. 1 at 3. He is suing defendant in both her individual and official 25 capacities. Id.at 3. A previous screening order found that, because due process safeguards are 26 2 As noted in the previous screening order, plaintiff’s complaint does not identify the 27 welfare benefits at issue. ECF No. 4 at 3. However, the California Department of Health Care Services administrative decision appended to the complaint shows that Medi-Cal benefits are at 28 issue. Id.at 19. 1 applicable to Medicare benefits, plaintiff had stated a potentially cognizable claim. ECF No. 4 at 2 4 (citing Zinman v. Shalala, 835 F. Supp. 1163, 1168 (N.D. Cal. 1993)). 3 II. Analysis 4 Defendant raises threearguments in support of her motion to dismiss. First, she states that 5 the complaint fails to allege any causal connection between her conduct and the alleged violation 6 of plaintiff’s rights. ECF No. 18 at 5. Second, she states that plaintiff has failed to allege the 7 elements of an official capacity claim against San Joaquin County. Id. Third, she claims that, 8 based on documents which the court should take judicial notice of, this action is now moot. Id.at 9 6. I consider mootness first, sinceit could relieve the court of jurisdiction. See Church of 10 Scientology v. United States, 506 U.S. 9, 12 (1992)(“It has long been settled that a federal court 11 has no authority to give opinions upon moot questions or abstract propositions, or to declare 12 principles or rules of law which cannot affect the matter in issue in the case before it.”) (internal 13 quotation marks omitted). 14 A. Mootness 15 Defendant argues that this action is moot because plaintiffreceived “timely and adequate 16 notice” of the intended termination of his Medi-Cal benefits. ECF No. 18 at 3-4. In support of 17 that argument,she asks the court to takejudicial notice of three exhibits: (1) a Medi-Cal renewal 18 form sent to plaintiff and dated September 5, 2019 (ECF No. 18-3 at 4-34); (2) a reminder notice 19 sent to plaintiff and dated October 25, 2019, indicatingthat the County of San Joaquin had not 20 received his Medi-Cal renewal form (id. at 36); and (3) a notice of action dated November 18, 21 2019that informed plaintiff that his Medi-Cal benefits were being stopped because he had not 22 providedthe required renewal information (id.at 38-40). I will take judicial notice of the 23 existenceand facial content of these documents. SeeFed. R. Evid. 201(b); see also United States 24 v. 14.02 Acres of Land More or Less in Fresno County, 547 F.3d 943, 955 (9th Cir. 2008) 25 (“Judicial notice is appropriate for records and reports of administrative bodies.”); Grant v. 26 Aurora Loan Servs., 736 F. Supp. 2d 1257, 1263-64 (C.D. Cal. 2010)(taking judicial notice of 27 documents recorded by Los Angeles County Recorder’s Office). This does not, however, 28 establish mootness. 1 A case is moot “whenthe issues presented are no longer ‘live’or the parties lack a legally 2 cognizable interest in the outcome.” Powell v. McCormack, 395 U.S. 486, 496 (1969). Here, 3 judiciallynoticeable fact cannot establish mootness. The existence ofthe aforementioned 4 documents does not showthat plaintiffactuallyreceivedtimely and adequate notice(and plaintiff 5 says that he did not). See Lee v. City of Los Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 669 (9th Cir. 2001) (“[A] 6 court may not take judicial notice of a fact that is ‘subject to reasonable dispute.’”); Hennessy v. 7 Penril Datacomm Networks, 69 F.3d 1344, 1354(7th Cir. 1995) (“In order for a fact to be 8 judicially noticed, indisputability is a prerequisite. Given that there was considerable argument 9 over thesignificance of the 10-K form, the judge properly found that its contents were subject to 10 dispute.”); Rivera v. Phillip Morris, Inc., 395 F.3d 1142, 1151 (9th Cir. 2005) (“The notes of the 11 advisory committee with regard to Federal Rule of Evidence 201 explain that ‘[a] high degree of 12 indisputability is the essential prerequisite’to taking judicial notice of adjudicative facts and that 13 ‘the tradition [of taking judicial notice] has been one of caution in requiring that the matter be 14 beyond reasonable controversy.’”) (alterations in original)). We don’t know, for example, that 15 the letters reached plaintiff. 16 Defendant also argues that the case is moot because the documents establish that 17 “[plaintiff]is now eligible for Medi-Cal benefits upon submission of the appropriate packet of 18 information.” ECF No. 18 at 6. This argument also relies on an inference outside the facial 19 contents of the judicially noticed documents. Based on the documents themselves, we can’t say 20 that plaintiff is still eligible for benefits if he resubmitted today. And even if defendant’s 21 argument is accepted it does not establish mootness. Plaintiff seeks monetary damages in 22 addition to injunctive relief. ECFNo. 1 at 5. A court in this district rejected a similar claim of 23 mootness after reasoning that the claimant might still be entitled to damages based on the alleged 24 denial of due process. See Rodriguez v. Vega, No. 2:15-cv-0158-GGH-PS,2015 U.S. Dist. 25 LEXIS 151910, *10-11 (E.D. Cal. Nov. 9, 2015) (“Defendant moves to dismiss the action, 26 claiming that plaintiff has been found eligible and is receiving Medi-Cal and CalFresh benefits, 27 and it is up to him to complete a new application for GA benefits with proof of filing an SSI 28 (Social Security Supplemental Income) application .. . . However, since plaintiff is seeking only 1 damages, his claims are not moot.”). 2 B. Causation 3 Next, defendant argues that plaintiff’s complaint fails to allege a causal connection 4 between her conduct and the violation of his due process rights. ECF No. 18 at 5. This argument 5 is unpersuasive. 6 Plaintiff’s complaint sufficiently alleges that defendant, by her intentional conduct, 7 violated his due process rights. A successful procedural due process claim is comprised of two 8 elements: “deprivation of a constitutionally protected liberty or property interest and denial of 9 adequate procedural protection.” Krainski v. Nevada ex rel. Bd. of Regents of Nevada Sys. of 10 Higher Educ., 616 F.3d 963, 970 (9th Cir. 2010) (internal citation omitted). Here, plaintiff has 11 alleged that he was deprived of a protected interest—his Medi-Cal benefits—and was denied 12 adequate procedural protection insofar as he was not afforded any notice prior to the deprivation. 13 ECF No. 1 at 3. And to establish personal liability, he need only allege that defendant acted 14 under color of state law and caused the deprivation of his federal right. SeeKentucky v. Graham, 15 473 U.S. 159, 166 (1985) (“[T]o establish personal liability in a § 1983 action, it is enough to 16 show that the official, acting under color of state law, caused the deprivation of a federal right.”) 17 (emphasis in original). Plaintiff has alleged as much. The complaint is not a model of specificity 18 or organization, but pro se pleadings, especially in the context of a motion to dismiss, are held to 19 a less stringent standard than pleadings drafted by counsel. See Sherman v. Yakahi, 549 F. 2d 20 1287, 1290 (9th Cir. 1977). 21 C. Official Capacity Claims 22 Defendant correctly argues that plaintiff has failed to allege the elements of an official 23 capacity claim against San Joaquin County. See Brandon v. Holt, 469 U.S. 464, 471 (1985) (“[A] 24 judgment against a public servant ‘in his official capacity’imposes liability on the entity that he 25 represents provided, of course, the public entity received notice and an opportunity to respond.”). 26 To sustain a claim against the county, plaintiff must allege that the constitutional violation 27 resulted from an official policyor custom. See Arpin v. Santa Clara Valley Transp. Agency, 261 28 F.3d 912, 925 (9th Cir. 2001). The complaint fails to identify any county policy or custom that 1 | contributed to the alleged violation of plaintiffs due process rights. I therefore will dismiss his 2 | official capacity claims without prejudice. 3 Order 4 It is ORDERED that defendant’s motion to dismiss, ECF No. 18, is GRANTED in part. 5 || Plaintiff’s official capacity claims against defendant are dismissed without prejudice. The motion 6 || is denied in all other respects. 7 || Dated: October 15, 2020 8 a Canon — 9 STATE GISTRATE JUDGE 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28