1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10
11 ERLINDO RODRIGUEZ, JR. ) Case No.: 1:21-cv-00409-SAB (PC) ) 12 Plaintiff, ) ORDER DIRECTING CLERK OF COURT TO ) RANDOMLY ASSIGN A DISTRICT JUDGE TO 13 v. ) THIS ACTION
14 D. CASTILLO, ) FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ) RECOMMENDING ACTION BE DISMISSED 15 Defendant. ) FOR FAILURE TO STATE A COGNIZABLE ) CLAIM FOR RELIEF 16 ) ) (ECF No. 9) 17 )
18 Plaintiff Erlindo Rodriguez, Jr. is proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis in this civil rights 19 action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 20 Currently before the Court is Plaintiff’s first amended complaint, filed on June 24, 2021. 21 I. 22 SCREENING REQUIREMENT 23 The Court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a 24 governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The Court 25 must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if the prisoner has raised claims that are legally “frivolous 26 or malicious,” that “fail[] to state a claim on which relief may be granted,” or that “seek[] monetary 27 relief against a defendant who is immune from such relief.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B); see also 28 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b). 1 A complaint must contain “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is 2 entitled to relief. . . .” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). Detailed factual allegations are not required, but 3 “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do 4 not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citing Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 5 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). Moreover, Plaintiff must demonstrate that each defendant personally participated 6 in the deprivation of Plaintiff’s rights. Jones v. Williams, 297 F.3d 930, 934 (9th Cir. 2002). 7 Prisoners proceeding pro se in civil rights actions are entitled to have their pleadings liberally 8 construed and to have any doubt resolved in their favor. Wilhelm v. Rotman, 680 F.3d 1113, 1121 (9th 9 Cir. 2012) (citations omitted). To survive screening, Plaintiff’s claims must be facially plausible, which 10 requires sufficient factual detail to allow the Court to reasonably infer that each named defendant is 11 liable for the misconduct alleged. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678-79; Moss v. U.S. Secret Service, 572 F.3d 962, 12 969 (9th Cir. 2009). The “sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully” is not sufficient, and 13 “facts that are ‘merely consistent with’ a defendant’s liability” falls short of satisfying the plausibility 14 standard. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678; Moss, 572 F.3d at 969. 15 II. 16 SUMMARY OF ALLEGATIONS 17 On August 28, 2020, at 9:20 a.m., while Plaintiff was in the chapel, he was sexually assaulted 18 in a manner to humiliate him without a legitimate penological interest, by officer D. Castillo. Plaintiff 19 was approached by Castillo and told to strip down. After giving Castillo his clothing to search, he was 20 told to get naked in the chapel hallway. There was no reason for Castillo to believe that he had any 21 contraband. Since Plaintiff did not want to get naked because he felt embarrassed and it was not 22 appropriate to undress in front of other people who were practicing religion faith. Castillo got upset 23 and lunged towards Plaintiff and grabbed the waistband of his underwear and yanked them off until 24 they ripped off exposing Plaintiff’s genitals. Plaintiff yelled “this is sexual assault.” As Plaintiff tried 25 to guard his private parts from everyone, Castillo looked him over and told him “now get dressed and 26 get the fuck out here[.]” After Plaintiff filed a grievance and was told by the Mexican Mafia that he 27 would get stabbed if he proceeded with the complaint. When Plaintiff came back from court on March 28 2, 2020, he did not want to go back to general population due to his distress and mental illness from 1 the incident. Plaintiff filed a second appeal to the Chief of Appeals and he received a late response. 2 Plaintiff has an affidavit of the incident by inmate witness Lawrence Kennedy. 3 Sexual harassment or abuse of an inmate by a prison official is a violation of the Eighth 4 Amendment. Wood v. Beauclair, 692 F.3d 1041, 1046, 1051 (9th Cir. 2012) (citing Schwenk v. 5 Hartford, 204 F.3d 1187, 1197 (9th Cir. 2000)). In evaluating such a claim, “courts consider whether 6 ‘the official act[ed] with a sufficiently culpable state of mind’ ”—the subjective component—“and if 7 the alleged wrongdoing was objectively ‘harmful enough’ to establish a constitutional violation”—the 8 objective component. Wood, 692 F.3d at 1046 (alteration in original) (quoting Hudson v. McMillian, 9 503 U.S. 1, 8 (1992)). 10 As recently stated by the Ninth Circuit, “sexual assault serves no valid penological 11 purpose...where an inmate can prove that a prison guard committed a sexual assault, we presume the 12 guard acted maliciously and sadistically for the very purpose of causing harm, and the subjective 13 component of the Eighth Amendment claim is satisfied.” Bearchild v. Cobban, 947 F.3d 1130, 1144 14 (9th Cir. 2020) (citing Wood, 692 F.3d at 1050; Schwenk, 204 F.3d at 1196 n.6). “Any sexual assault 15 is objectively ‘repugnant to the conscience of mankind’ and therefore not de minimis for Eighth 16 Amendment purposes.” Bearchild, 947 F.3d at 1144 (quoting Hudson, 503 U.S. at 10). 17 A viable sexual assault claim is established if the inmate can prove that a prison staff member, 18 acting under color of law and without legitimate penological justification, touched the prisoner in a 19 sexual manner or otherwise engaged in sexual conduct for the staff member's own sexual gratification, 20 or for the purpose of humiliating, degrading, or demeaning the prisoner. Bearchild, 947 F.3d at 1144. 21 That said, the protections of the Eighth Amendment do not extend to all forms of sexual 22 harassment. Allegations of sexual harassment that do not involve touching have routinely been found 23 ‘not sufficiently serious’ to sustain an Eighth Amendment claim. Austin v. Terhune, 367 F.3d 1167, 24 1172 (9th Cir. 2004) (upholding dismissal of claim premised on allegations that correctional officer 25 unzipped his pants and exposed his penis to an inmate from inside control booth); accord Somers v. 26 Thurman, 109 F.3d at 624 (“To hold that gawking, pointing, and joking violates the prohibition 27 against cruel and unusual punishment would trivialize the objective component of the Eighth 28 Amendment test and render it absurd.”).
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10
11 ERLINDO RODRIGUEZ, JR. ) Case No.: 1:21-cv-00409-SAB (PC) ) 12 Plaintiff, ) ORDER DIRECTING CLERK OF COURT TO ) RANDOMLY ASSIGN A DISTRICT JUDGE TO 13 v. ) THIS ACTION
14 D. CASTILLO, ) FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ) RECOMMENDING ACTION BE DISMISSED 15 Defendant. ) FOR FAILURE TO STATE A COGNIZABLE ) CLAIM FOR RELIEF 16 ) ) (ECF No. 9) 17 )
18 Plaintiff Erlindo Rodriguez, Jr. is proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis in this civil rights 19 action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 20 Currently before the Court is Plaintiff’s first amended complaint, filed on June 24, 2021. 21 I. 22 SCREENING REQUIREMENT 23 The Court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a 24 governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The Court 25 must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if the prisoner has raised claims that are legally “frivolous 26 or malicious,” that “fail[] to state a claim on which relief may be granted,” or that “seek[] monetary 27 relief against a defendant who is immune from such relief.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B); see also 28 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b). 1 A complaint must contain “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is 2 entitled to relief. . . .” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). Detailed factual allegations are not required, but 3 “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do 4 not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citing Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 5 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). Moreover, Plaintiff must demonstrate that each defendant personally participated 6 in the deprivation of Plaintiff’s rights. Jones v. Williams, 297 F.3d 930, 934 (9th Cir. 2002). 7 Prisoners proceeding pro se in civil rights actions are entitled to have their pleadings liberally 8 construed and to have any doubt resolved in their favor. Wilhelm v. Rotman, 680 F.3d 1113, 1121 (9th 9 Cir. 2012) (citations omitted). To survive screening, Plaintiff’s claims must be facially plausible, which 10 requires sufficient factual detail to allow the Court to reasonably infer that each named defendant is 11 liable for the misconduct alleged. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678-79; Moss v. U.S. Secret Service, 572 F.3d 962, 12 969 (9th Cir. 2009). The “sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully” is not sufficient, and 13 “facts that are ‘merely consistent with’ a defendant’s liability” falls short of satisfying the plausibility 14 standard. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678; Moss, 572 F.3d at 969. 15 II. 16 SUMMARY OF ALLEGATIONS 17 On August 28, 2020, at 9:20 a.m., while Plaintiff was in the chapel, he was sexually assaulted 18 in a manner to humiliate him without a legitimate penological interest, by officer D. Castillo. Plaintiff 19 was approached by Castillo and told to strip down. After giving Castillo his clothing to search, he was 20 told to get naked in the chapel hallway. There was no reason for Castillo to believe that he had any 21 contraband. Since Plaintiff did not want to get naked because he felt embarrassed and it was not 22 appropriate to undress in front of other people who were practicing religion faith. Castillo got upset 23 and lunged towards Plaintiff and grabbed the waistband of his underwear and yanked them off until 24 they ripped off exposing Plaintiff’s genitals. Plaintiff yelled “this is sexual assault.” As Plaintiff tried 25 to guard his private parts from everyone, Castillo looked him over and told him “now get dressed and 26 get the fuck out here[.]” After Plaintiff filed a grievance and was told by the Mexican Mafia that he 27 would get stabbed if he proceeded with the complaint. When Plaintiff came back from court on March 28 2, 2020, he did not want to go back to general population due to his distress and mental illness from 1 the incident. Plaintiff filed a second appeal to the Chief of Appeals and he received a late response. 2 Plaintiff has an affidavit of the incident by inmate witness Lawrence Kennedy. 3 Sexual harassment or abuse of an inmate by a prison official is a violation of the Eighth 4 Amendment. Wood v. Beauclair, 692 F.3d 1041, 1046, 1051 (9th Cir. 2012) (citing Schwenk v. 5 Hartford, 204 F.3d 1187, 1197 (9th Cir. 2000)). In evaluating such a claim, “courts consider whether 6 ‘the official act[ed] with a sufficiently culpable state of mind’ ”—the subjective component—“and if 7 the alleged wrongdoing was objectively ‘harmful enough’ to establish a constitutional violation”—the 8 objective component. Wood, 692 F.3d at 1046 (alteration in original) (quoting Hudson v. McMillian, 9 503 U.S. 1, 8 (1992)). 10 As recently stated by the Ninth Circuit, “sexual assault serves no valid penological 11 purpose...where an inmate can prove that a prison guard committed a sexual assault, we presume the 12 guard acted maliciously and sadistically for the very purpose of causing harm, and the subjective 13 component of the Eighth Amendment claim is satisfied.” Bearchild v. Cobban, 947 F.3d 1130, 1144 14 (9th Cir. 2020) (citing Wood, 692 F.3d at 1050; Schwenk, 204 F.3d at 1196 n.6). “Any sexual assault 15 is objectively ‘repugnant to the conscience of mankind’ and therefore not de minimis for Eighth 16 Amendment purposes.” Bearchild, 947 F.3d at 1144 (quoting Hudson, 503 U.S. at 10). 17 A viable sexual assault claim is established if the inmate can prove that a prison staff member, 18 acting under color of law and without legitimate penological justification, touched the prisoner in a 19 sexual manner or otherwise engaged in sexual conduct for the staff member's own sexual gratification, 20 or for the purpose of humiliating, degrading, or demeaning the prisoner. Bearchild, 947 F.3d at 1144. 21 That said, the protections of the Eighth Amendment do not extend to all forms of sexual 22 harassment. Allegations of sexual harassment that do not involve touching have routinely been found 23 ‘not sufficiently serious’ to sustain an Eighth Amendment claim. Austin v. Terhune, 367 F.3d 1167, 24 1172 (9th Cir. 2004) (upholding dismissal of claim premised on allegations that correctional officer 25 unzipped his pants and exposed his penis to an inmate from inside control booth); accord Somers v. 26 Thurman, 109 F.3d at 624 (“To hold that gawking, pointing, and joking violates the prohibition 27 against cruel and unusual punishment would trivialize the objective component of the Eighth 28 Amendment test and render it absurd.”). Verbal harassment may violate the Constitution when it is 1 “unusually gross even for a prison setting and [is] calculated to and [does] cause [plaintiff] 2 psychological damage.” Keenan v. Hall, 83 F.3d 1083, 1092 (9th Cir. 1996), amended by 135 F.3d 3 1318 (9th Cir. 1998); Patrick v. Hernandez, 2018 WL 5095130, at *2 (E.D. Cal. Oct. 17, 2018) 4 (denying cognizable claim where defendants gawked at plaintiff in a manner that suggested they 5 wanted him to expose himself.); Bearchild, 947 F.3d at 1144 (“[T]here are occasions when legitimate 6 penological objectives within a prison setting require invasive searches.”); Grummet v. Rushen, 779 7 F.2d 491, 495 (9th Cir. 1985) (“[R]outine pat-down searches, which include the groin area, and which 8 are otherwise justified by security needs, do not violate” the Constitution). 9 Here, Plaintiff has not alleged he was sexually assaulted. In order to state a viable claim, 10 Plaintiff must allege that there were no legitimate penological objective for the strip search. Plaintiff 11 alleges only that officer Castillo ordered him to strip and ribbed off his underwear in the chapel 12 hallway. (First Am. Compl. at 3.) Then, officer Castillo looked Plaintiff over and ordered him to get 13 dressed. (Id.) Taking Plaintiff’s allegations as true and liberally construing them in Plaintiff’s favor, 14 the allegations do not demonstrate that the conduct at issue exceeded the scope of what was required 15 to satisfy whatever institutional concern justified the initiation of the pat searches. Indeed, there are no 16 allegations that officer Castillo touched Plaintiff in any manner, made sexual comments to Plaintiff, or 17 conducted the search in a manner to humiliate, degrade, or demean Plaintiff. Rather, the contraband 18 search appears to have been conducted for entrance to and/or from the chapel. There is certainly a 19 penological interest in a visual search with minimal touching for contraband, and Plaintiff has not 20 alleged facts that the exceeded appropriate penological bounds. See Bearchild, 947 F.3d at 1144–45; 21 Grummet, 779 F.2d at 495. The allegations contained in the first amended complaint were not 22 “unusually gross” nor do they appear calculated to cause plaintiff psychological damage. 23 Accordingly, even though Plaintiff has concluded that he suffered emotion damage as a result, he has 24 not stated facts sufficient to show that he suffered sexual abuse sufficient to rise to the level of an 25 Eighth Amendment violation. Despite being provided with the relevant pleading and legal standards, 26 Plaintiff has been unable to cure this deficiency. 27 /// 28 /// 1 IV. 2 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 3 For the reasons set forth above, the Court finds that Plaintiff fails to state a cognizable claim 4 || for relief, and the action should be dismissed without further leave to amend. In the Court's prior 5 || screening order, the Court provided Plaintiff with relevant legal standards and provided Plaintiff with 6 || an opportunity to amend his complaint. Plaintiff filed his first amended complaint with the benefit of 7 || the Court's screening order, but nevertheless failed to allege facts that support a section 1983 claim. 8 || Thus, it appears that further leave to amend would be futile. Bonin v. Calderon, 59 F.3d 815, 845 (Ot 9 || Cir. 1995). 10 Accordingly, it is ORDERED that the Clerk of Court randomly assign a District Judge to this 11 |] action. 12 Further, it is HEREBY RECOMMENDED that: 13. The instant action be dismissed for failure to state a cognizable claim for relief; and 14. The Clerk of Court be directed to terminate this action. 15 These Findings and Recommendations will be submitted to the United States District Judge 16 || assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Within fourteen (14) days 17 || after being served with these Findings and Recommendations, Plaintiff may file written objections 18 || with the Court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and 19 Recommendations.” Plaintiff is advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may 20 || result in the waiver of rights on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 838-39 (9th Cir. 2014) 21 || (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). 22 23 IT IS SO ORDERED. A (re 24 lI Dated: _ July 27, 2021 OF 25 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 26 27 28