1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10
11 DAVID ROBERTS, ) Case No.: 1:19-cv-01055-SAB (PC) ) 12 Plaintiff, ) ) ORDER DIRECTING CLERK OF COURT TO 13 v. ) RANDOMLY ASSIGN A DISTRICT JUDGE TO THIS ACTION 14 KVSP INVESTIGATION SERVICES UNIT, ) et al., ) FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION 15 ) RECOMMENDING DISMISSAL OF THE ) ACTION FOR FAILURE TO STATE A 16 Defendants. ) COGNIZABLE CLAIM FOR RELIEF ) 17 ) [ECF No. 11]
18 Plaintiff David Roberts is appearing pro se and in forma pauperis in this civil rights action 19 pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Currently before the Court is Plaintiff’s first amended complaint, filed 20 August 22, 2019. 21 I. 22 SCREENING REQUIREMENT 23 The Court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a 24 governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The Court 25 must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if the prisoner has raised claims that are legally “frivolous 26 or malicious,” that “fail[] to state a claim on which relief may be granted,” or that “seek[] monetary 27 relief against a defendant who is immune from such relief.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). 28 /// 1 A complaint must contain “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is 2 entitled to relief. . . .” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). Detailed factual allegations are not required, but 3 “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do 4 not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citing Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 5 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). Moreover, Plaintiff must demonstrate that each defendant personally participated 6 in the deprivation of Plaintiff’s rights. Jones v. Williams, 297 F.3d 930, 934 (9th Cir. 2002). 7 Prisoners proceeding pro se in civil rights actions are entitled to have their pleadings liberally 8 construed and to have any doubt resolved in their favor. Wilhelm v. Rotman, 680 F.3d 1113, 1121 (9th 9 Cir. 2012) (citations omitted). To survive screening, Plaintiff’s claims must be facially plausible, which 10 requires sufficient factual detail to allow the Court to reasonably infer that each named defendant is 11 liable for the misconduct alleged. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678-79; Moss v. U.S. Secret Service, 572 F.3d 962, 12 969 (9th Cir. 2009). The “sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully” is not sufficient, and 13 “facts that are ‘merely consistent with’ a defendant’s liability” falls short of satisfying the plausibility 14 standard. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678; Moss, 572 F.3d at 969. 15 II. 16 COMPLAINT ALLEGATIONS 17 The Court accepts Plaintiff’s allegations in the complaint as true only for the purpose of the 18 sua sponte screening requirement under 28 U.S.C. § 1915. Plaintiff is in the custody of the California 19 Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. The incidents alleged in the complaint occurred while 20 he was housed at Kern Valley State Prison. 21 On July 27, 2018, three officers from the Investigation Services Unit (“ISU”) took pictures of 22 Plaintiff after he was beaten up by six to seven officers. In the incident, Plaintiff sustained a dislocated 23 jaw, swollen nose, busted lip, fractured cheekbone, broken teeth, gash to his forehead, and bruises all 24 over his body. Although Plaintiff was supposed to receive the photographs after he heard from the 25 district attorney, ISU has not sent him the photographs. Plaintiff believes that “they” are trying to cover 26 up his injuries. Plaintiff seeks monetary damages for trying to cover up evidence of the July 27, 2018 27 beating. 28 /// 1 III. 2 DISCUSSION 3 Section 1983 provides a cause of action for the violation of a plaintiff’s constitutional or other 4 federal rights by persons acting under color of state law. Nurre v. Whitehead, 580 F.3d 1087, 1092 5 (9th Cir 2009); Long v. County of Los Angeles, 442 F.3d 1178, 1185 (9th Cir. 2006); Jones, 297 F.3d 6 at 934. Section 1983 does not provide any substantive rights, but is a statutory vehicle to provide a 7 remedy for a violation of an individual’s constitutional and federal rights. Chapman v. Houston 8 Welfare Rights Org., 441 U.S. 600, 617-18 (1979); Magana v. Com. of the N. Mariana Islands, 107 9 F.3d 1436, 1442 (9th Cir. 1997), as amended (May 1, 1997). To state a claim under section 1983, a 10 plaintiff is required to show that (1) each defendant acted under color of state law and (2) each 11 defendant deprived him of rights secured by the Constitution or federal law. Long, 442 F.3d at 1185. 12 There is no respondeat superior liability under section 1983, and therefore, each defendant is 13 only liable for his or her own misconduct. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 677. To state a claim, Plaintiff must 14 demonstrate that each defendant personally participated in the deprivation of his rights. Jones, 297 15 F.3d at 934. 16 Here, Plaintiff alleges that the three officers are trying to cover up the injuries that he sustained 17 during the July 27, 2018, incident. However, the only allegations regarding these officers in the 18 complaint are that they investigated the incident and took pictures of Plaintiff. Plaintiff has failed to 19 allege any facts by which that Court can reasonably infer that these officers violated Plaintiff’s federal 20 rights. In addition, there is no support for Plaintiff’s claim that he has a due process right to receive a 21 copy of the photographs. See Mancilla v. Biter, No. 1:13-cv-01724-BAM-HC, 2013 WL 6070417, at 22 *6 (E.D. Cal. Nov. 18, 2013) (“there is no legal requirement under federal law that the prison 23 authorities produce any specific evidence” at a prison disciplinary hearing); Crismond v. Sandon, No. 24 CV 12-3572-ODW (VBK), 2013 WL 1759924, at *7 (C.D. Cal. Mar. 26, 2013) (“The Supreme Court 25 has never recognized a due process right to the preservation and testing of physical evidence in the 26 prisoner disciplinary context.”); White v. Superintendent, No. 3:13 CV 300, 2013 WL 6512671, at *3 27 (N.D. Ind. Dec. 11, 2013) (“The hearing officer was not required to produce physical evidence to 28 support the charge….”); see also Lasko v. Holt, 334 Fed. Appx. 474, 476 (3d Cir. 2009) (“Notably 1 absent from the Wolff list of due process rights is a prisoner’s right to review all potentially 2 inculpatory evidence prior to the disciplinary hearing….”); Napier v. Swarthout, No. 2:12-cv-1521- 3 JAM-DAD P, 2014 WL 1839129, at *10 (E.D. Cal. May 8, 2014). 4 Plaintiff states that ISU has not sent him the photographs, but “[t]he Eleventh Amendment bars 5 suits for money damages in federal court against a state, its agencies, and state officials acting in their 6 official capacities.” Aholelei v. Dept. of Public Safety, 488 F.3d 1144, 1147 (9th Cir. 2007); see also 7 Yakama Indian Nation v.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10
11 DAVID ROBERTS, ) Case No.: 1:19-cv-01055-SAB (PC) ) 12 Plaintiff, ) ) ORDER DIRECTING CLERK OF COURT TO 13 v. ) RANDOMLY ASSIGN A DISTRICT JUDGE TO THIS ACTION 14 KVSP INVESTIGATION SERVICES UNIT, ) et al., ) FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION 15 ) RECOMMENDING DISMISSAL OF THE ) ACTION FOR FAILURE TO STATE A 16 Defendants. ) COGNIZABLE CLAIM FOR RELIEF ) 17 ) [ECF No. 11]
18 Plaintiff David Roberts is appearing pro se and in forma pauperis in this civil rights action 19 pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Currently before the Court is Plaintiff’s first amended complaint, filed 20 August 22, 2019. 21 I. 22 SCREENING REQUIREMENT 23 The Court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a 24 governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The Court 25 must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if the prisoner has raised claims that are legally “frivolous 26 or malicious,” that “fail[] to state a claim on which relief may be granted,” or that “seek[] monetary 27 relief against a defendant who is immune from such relief.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). 28 /// 1 A complaint must contain “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is 2 entitled to relief. . . .” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). Detailed factual allegations are not required, but 3 “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do 4 not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citing Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 5 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). Moreover, Plaintiff must demonstrate that each defendant personally participated 6 in the deprivation of Plaintiff’s rights. Jones v. Williams, 297 F.3d 930, 934 (9th Cir. 2002). 7 Prisoners proceeding pro se in civil rights actions are entitled to have their pleadings liberally 8 construed and to have any doubt resolved in their favor. Wilhelm v. Rotman, 680 F.3d 1113, 1121 (9th 9 Cir. 2012) (citations omitted). To survive screening, Plaintiff’s claims must be facially plausible, which 10 requires sufficient factual detail to allow the Court to reasonably infer that each named defendant is 11 liable for the misconduct alleged. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678-79; Moss v. U.S. Secret Service, 572 F.3d 962, 12 969 (9th Cir. 2009). The “sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully” is not sufficient, and 13 “facts that are ‘merely consistent with’ a defendant’s liability” falls short of satisfying the plausibility 14 standard. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678; Moss, 572 F.3d at 969. 15 II. 16 COMPLAINT ALLEGATIONS 17 The Court accepts Plaintiff’s allegations in the complaint as true only for the purpose of the 18 sua sponte screening requirement under 28 U.S.C. § 1915. Plaintiff is in the custody of the California 19 Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. The incidents alleged in the complaint occurred while 20 he was housed at Kern Valley State Prison. 21 On July 27, 2018, three officers from the Investigation Services Unit (“ISU”) took pictures of 22 Plaintiff after he was beaten up by six to seven officers. In the incident, Plaintiff sustained a dislocated 23 jaw, swollen nose, busted lip, fractured cheekbone, broken teeth, gash to his forehead, and bruises all 24 over his body. Although Plaintiff was supposed to receive the photographs after he heard from the 25 district attorney, ISU has not sent him the photographs. Plaintiff believes that “they” are trying to cover 26 up his injuries. Plaintiff seeks monetary damages for trying to cover up evidence of the July 27, 2018 27 beating. 28 /// 1 III. 2 DISCUSSION 3 Section 1983 provides a cause of action for the violation of a plaintiff’s constitutional or other 4 federal rights by persons acting under color of state law. Nurre v. Whitehead, 580 F.3d 1087, 1092 5 (9th Cir 2009); Long v. County of Los Angeles, 442 F.3d 1178, 1185 (9th Cir. 2006); Jones, 297 F.3d 6 at 934. Section 1983 does not provide any substantive rights, but is a statutory vehicle to provide a 7 remedy for a violation of an individual’s constitutional and federal rights. Chapman v. Houston 8 Welfare Rights Org., 441 U.S. 600, 617-18 (1979); Magana v. Com. of the N. Mariana Islands, 107 9 F.3d 1436, 1442 (9th Cir. 1997), as amended (May 1, 1997). To state a claim under section 1983, a 10 plaintiff is required to show that (1) each defendant acted under color of state law and (2) each 11 defendant deprived him of rights secured by the Constitution or federal law. Long, 442 F.3d at 1185. 12 There is no respondeat superior liability under section 1983, and therefore, each defendant is 13 only liable for his or her own misconduct. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 677. To state a claim, Plaintiff must 14 demonstrate that each defendant personally participated in the deprivation of his rights. Jones, 297 15 F.3d at 934. 16 Here, Plaintiff alleges that the three officers are trying to cover up the injuries that he sustained 17 during the July 27, 2018, incident. However, the only allegations regarding these officers in the 18 complaint are that they investigated the incident and took pictures of Plaintiff. Plaintiff has failed to 19 allege any facts by which that Court can reasonably infer that these officers violated Plaintiff’s federal 20 rights. In addition, there is no support for Plaintiff’s claim that he has a due process right to receive a 21 copy of the photographs. See Mancilla v. Biter, No. 1:13-cv-01724-BAM-HC, 2013 WL 6070417, at 22 *6 (E.D. Cal. Nov. 18, 2013) (“there is no legal requirement under federal law that the prison 23 authorities produce any specific evidence” at a prison disciplinary hearing); Crismond v. Sandon, No. 24 CV 12-3572-ODW (VBK), 2013 WL 1759924, at *7 (C.D. Cal. Mar. 26, 2013) (“The Supreme Court 25 has never recognized a due process right to the preservation and testing of physical evidence in the 26 prisoner disciplinary context.”); White v. Superintendent, No. 3:13 CV 300, 2013 WL 6512671, at *3 27 (N.D. Ind. Dec. 11, 2013) (“The hearing officer was not required to produce physical evidence to 28 support the charge….”); see also Lasko v. Holt, 334 Fed. Appx. 474, 476 (3d Cir. 2009) (“Notably 1 absent from the Wolff list of due process rights is a prisoner’s right to review all potentially 2 inculpatory evidence prior to the disciplinary hearing….”); Napier v. Swarthout, No. 2:12-cv-1521- 3 JAM-DAD P, 2014 WL 1839129, at *10 (E.D. Cal. May 8, 2014). 4 Plaintiff states that ISU has not sent him the photographs, but “[t]he Eleventh Amendment bars 5 suits for money damages in federal court against a state, its agencies, and state officials acting in their 6 official capacities.” Aholelei v. Dept. of Public Safety, 488 F.3d 1144, 1147 (9th Cir. 2007); see also 7 Yakama Indian Nation v. State of Washington, 176 F.3d 1241, 1245 (9th Cir. 1999); Seminole Tribe 8 of Fla. v. Florida, 517 U.S. 44, 54 (1996). Section 1983 did not abrogate Eleventh Amendment 9 immunity. Carmen v. San Francisco Unified Sch. Dist., 982 F.Supp. 1396, 1403 (N.D. Cal. 1997), 10 aff’d, 237 F.3d 1026 (9th Cir. 2001) (citing Quern v. Jordan, 440 U.S. 332, 341–42 (1979) and 11 Alabama v. Pugh, 438 U.S. 781, 781–82 (1978)). Additionally, section 1983 applies to “persons” 12 acting under color of state law and the Supreme Court has held that government entities are not 13 “persons” under section 1983. Will v. Michigan Dep’t of State Police, 491 U.S. 58, 71 (1989). 14 Plaintiff cannot bring a suit for monetary damages against the ISU. 15 To the extent that Plaintiff may be attempting to allege a cover-up of any excessive force used 16 during the July 27, 2017 incident, such a claim would allege accessory after the fact liability for 17 excessive force and the court is not aware of any cases recognizing this sort of liability for a 18 constitutional violation. See Hutchinson v. Grant, 796 F.2d 288, 291 (9th Cir. 1986) (municipality’s 19 alleged cover up to excuse arrest of plaintiff could not impose liability for the incident); Lang v. Cty. 20 of Sonoma, No. C12-0983 TEH, 2012 WL 4674527, at *3 (N.D. Cal. Oct. 2, 2012) (no authority for 21 after the fact accessory liability in Fourth Amendment claim); Mackey v. Cty. of San Bernardino, No. 22 ED CV 09-1124-GW SP, 2012 WL 5471061, at *14 (C.D. Cal. Sept. 28, 2012), report and 23 recommendation adopted, No. ED CV 09-1124-GW SP, 2012 WL 5465857 (C.D. Cal. Nov. 9, 2012) 24 (after-the-fact conduct of covering up shooting would be insufficient to make officer liable for either 25 an excessive force or a deliberate indifference violation). 26 The Ninth Circuit has recognized a claim under section 1983 based on allegations that police 27 officers conspired to cover-up the true facts of what occurred in Delew v. Wagner, 143 F.3d 1219, 28 1222 (9th Cir. 1998). The court held that allegations were sufficient to allege a conspiracy to deprive 1 the plaintiffs of their right to access the court. Delew, 143 F.3d at 1223. To state a claim based on an 2 alleged cover-up requires the plaintiff to show that the cover-up deprived him of his access to the court 3 by causing him to fail to obtain redress for a violation that was the subject of the cover-up. Hullings v. 4 Johnson, No. EDCV 13-2320-R JEM, 2014 WL 2931348, at *4 (C.D. Cal. June 30, 2014) (citing 5 Delew, 143 F.3d at 122-23 and Karim–Panahi v. Los Angeles Police Dept., 839 F.2d 621, 623 (9th 6 Cir.1988)). 7 To state a claim, a plaintiff must show that the cover-up actually precluded him from 8 prevailing in a state or federal lawsuit against the wrongdoers. Delew, 143 F.3d at 1222–23. 9 Accordingly, courts find that a cover-up claim is premature when the plaintiff’s action seeking redress 10 for the underlying violations remains pending. Hullings, 2014 WL 2931348, at *4; see Delew, 143 11 F.3d at 1223 (because the action was still pending it was impossible to determine whether this has 12 occurred); Karim–Panahi, 839 F.2d at 625 (claim alleging police cover-up of misconduct was 13 premature when action challenging misconduct was pending). 14 The Court takes judicial notice that Plaintiff has filed an action based on the July 27, 2017 15 incident. See David Nathaniel Roberts v. Sgt. Huckleberry, No. 1:18-cv-01237-SAB (PC) (E.D. 16 Cal.),1 (ECF No. 20). Currently, there is a findings and recommendations pending recommending 17 dismissing the action for failure to state a claim. (Id. at ECF No. 35.) To the extent that Plaintiff 18 could allege that the dismissal of that action was the basis of his cover-up claim he would fail to state a 19 claim. While the action may ultimately be dismissed based on the findings and recommendations, he 20 cannot show that failing to provide him with the pictures of his injuries caused the dismissal of the 21 action. The recommendation to dismiss in Roberts v. Huckleberry is based on the fact that Plaintiff 22 has failed to allege sufficient facts to state a cognizable claim against any named defendant. (Id. at pp. 23 4-6.) Plaintiff cannot show that the dismissal of this action was caused by the alleged cover-up as it is 24 clearly due to Plaintiff’s failure to allege sufficient facts to state a cognizable claim. 25 /// 26 27 1 Judicial notice may be taken “of court filings and other matters of public record.” Reyn’s Pasta Bella, LLC v. Visa USA, 28 1 V. 2 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 3 For the reasons discussed herein, Plaintiff fails to state a cognizable constitutional claim for 4 relief. Plaintiff was previously notified of the applicable legal standards and the deficiencies in his 5 pleading, and despite guidance from the Court, Plaintiff’s first amended complaint is largely identical 6 to the original complaint. Based upon the allegations in Plaintiff’s original and first amended 7 complaint, the Court is persuaded that Plaintiff is unable to allege any additional facts that would 8 support a constitutional claim for relief, and further amendment would be futile. See Hartmann v. 9 CDCR, 707 F.3d 1114, 1130 (9th Cir. 2013) (“A district court may not deny leave to amend when 10 amendment would be futile.”) Based on the nature of the deficiencies at issue, the Court finds that 11 further leave to amend is not warranted. Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1130 (9th. Cir. 2000); Noll v. 12 Carlson, 809 F.2d 1446-1449 (9th Cir. 1987). 13 Accordingly, the Clerk of the Court is HEREBY DIRECTED to randomly assign a District 14 Judge to this action. 15 Further, it is HEREBY RECOMMENDED that: 16 1. The instant action be dismissed for failure to state a cognizable claim for relief; and 17 2. The Clerk of Court be directed to terminate this action. 18 These Findings and Recommendations will be submitted to the United States District Judge 19 assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within twenty-one (21) 20 days after being served with these Findings and Recommendations, Plaintiff may file written 21 objections with the Court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s 22 Findings and Recommendations.” Plaintiff is advised that failure to file objections within the 23 /// 24 /// 25 /// 26 /// 27 /// 28 /// 1 || specified time may result in the waiver of rights on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 838 2 39 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). 3 4 5 6 || IT IS SO ORDERED. ot fe 7 Dated: _ August 27, 2019 OF 8 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28