1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 DE’VON-SAMUEL JAMES- No. 2:18-cv-1827-TLN-JDP-P SINGLETON PERKINS, 12 Plaintiff, 13 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS v. 14 D. BAUGHMAN, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 18 Plaintiff is astateinmateproceeding without counsel with asuit under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 19 He has filed a motion for summary judgment against defendant O’Reilly(“defendant”). ECF No. 20 39. Defendant has filed an opposition, ECF No. 44, and plaintiff has not filed a timely reply. I 21 recommend that plaintiff’s motion be denied. 22 Legal Standards 23 Summary judgment is appropriate when there is “no genuine dispute as to any material 24 fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). Summary 25 judgment avoids unnecessary trials in cases in which the parties do not dispute the facts relevant 26 to the determination of the issues in the case, or in which there is insufficient evidence for a jury 27 to determine those facts in favor of the nonmovant. Crawford-El v. Britton, 523 U.S. 574, 600 28 (1998); Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247-50 (1986); Nw. Motorcycle Ass’n v. 1 U.S. Dep’t of Agric., 18 F.3d 1468, 1471-72 (9th Cir. 1994). Asummary judgment motion asks 2 whether the evidence presents sufficient disagreement to require submission to a jury. 3 The principal purpose of Rule 56 is to isolate and dispose of factually unsupported claims 4 or defenses. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323-24 (1986). Thus, the rule functions to 5 “‘pierce the pleadings and to assess the proof in order to see whether there is a genuine need for 6 trial.’” Matsushita Elec. Indus.v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587 (1986) (quoting Fed. R. 7 Civ. P. 56(e) advisory committee’s note on 1963 amendments). Procedurally, under summary 8 judgment practice, the moving party bears the initial responsibility of presenting the basis for its 9 motion and identifying those portions of the record, together with affidavits, if any, that it 10 believes demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. Celotex, 477 U.S. at 323; 11 Devereaux v. Abbey, 263 F.3d 1070, 1076 (9th Cir. 2001) (en banc). If the moving party meets 12 its burden with a properly supported motion, the burden then shifts to the opposing party to 13 present specific facts that show there is a genuine issue for trial. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e); Anderson, 14 477 U.S. at 248; Auvil v. CBS “60 Minutes”, 67 F.3d 816, 819 (9th Cir. 1995). 15 Wherethe burden of proof lies as to the relevant factual issueis crucial to adjudicating 16 summary judgment. Depending on which party bears that burden, the party seeking summary 17 judgment does not necessarily need to submit any evidence of its own. When the opposing party 18 bears theburden of proof on a dispositive issue at trial, the moving party need not produce 19 evidence that negates the opponent’s claim. See, e.g.,Lujan v. National Wildlife Fed’n, 497 U.S. 20 871, 885 (1990). Rather, the moving party need only point to matters thatdemonstrate the 21 absence of a genuine material factual issue. See Celotex, 477 U.S. at 323-24 (“[W]here the 22 nonmoving party will bear the burden of proof at trial on a dispositive issue, a summary judgment 23 motion may properly be made in reliance solely on the ‘pleadings, depositions, answers to 24 interrogatories, and admissions on file.’”). Summaryjudgment should be entered, after adequate 25 time for discovery and upon motion, against a party who fails to make a showing sufficient to 26 establish the existence of an element essential to that party’s case, and on which that party will 27 bear the burden of proof at trial. See id. at 322. In such a circumstance, summary judgment must 28 be granted, “so long as whatever is before the district court demonstrates that the standard for 1 entry of summary judgment, as set forth in Rule 56(c), is satisfied.” Id.at 323. 2 To defeat summary judgment,the opposing party must establish a genuine dispute as to a 3 material issue of fact. This give us tworequirements. First, the dispute must be over a fact that is 4 material, i.e., one that makes a difference in the outcome of the case. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248 5 (“Only disputes over facts that might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law will 6 properly preclude the entry of summary judgment.”). Whether a factual dispute is material is 7 determined by the substantive law applicable for the claim in question. Id. If the opposing party 8 is unable to produce evidence sufficient to establish a required element of its claim that party fails 9 in opposing summary judgment. “[A] complete failure of proof concerning an essential element 10 of the nonmoving party’s case necessarily renders all other facts immaterial.” Celotex, 477 U.S. 11 at 322. 12 Second, thedispute must be genuine. In determining whether a factual dispute is genuine, 13 the court must again focus on which party bears the burden of proof. Where the party opposing 14 summary judgment would bear the burden of proof at trial on the factual issue in dispute, that 15 party must produce evidence sufficient to support its factual claim. Conclusory allegations, 16 unsupported by evidence,are insufficient to defeat the motion. Taylor v. List, 880 F.2d 1040, 17 1045 (9th Cir.1989). Rather, the opposing party must, by affidavit or as otherwise provided by 18 Rule 56, designate specific facts that show there to bea genuine issue for trial. Anderson, 477 19 U.S. at 249; Devereaux, 263 F.3d at 1076. More significantly, to demonstrate a genuine factual 20 dispute,the evidence relied on by the opposing party must be such that a fair-minded jury “could 21 return a verdict for [him] on the evidence presented.” Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248, 252. Absent 22 such evidence there is no reason for trial. 23 The court does not determine witness credibility. It accepts the opposing party’s evidence 24 as trueand draws the inferences most favorabletothe opposing party. See id. at 249, 255; 25 Matsushita, 475 U.S. at 587. Inferences, however, are not drawn out of “thin air,” and the 26 proponent must adduce evidence of a factual predicate from which to draw inferences. American 27 Int’l Group, Inc. v. American Int’l Bank, 926 F.2d 829, 836 (9th Cir.1991) (Kozinski, J., 28 dissenting) (citing Celotex, 477 U.S. at 322). If reasonable minds could differ on material facts at 1 issue, summary judgment is inappropriate. See Warren v. City of Carlsbad, 58 F.3d 439, 441 (9th 2 Cir. 1995). On the other hand, the opposing party “must do more than simply show that there is 3 some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts . . . .
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 DE’VON-SAMUEL JAMES- No. 2:18-cv-1827-TLN-JDP-P SINGLETON PERKINS, 12 Plaintiff, 13 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS v. 14 D. BAUGHMAN, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 18 Plaintiff is astateinmateproceeding without counsel with asuit under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 19 He has filed a motion for summary judgment against defendant O’Reilly(“defendant”). ECF No. 20 39. Defendant has filed an opposition, ECF No. 44, and plaintiff has not filed a timely reply. I 21 recommend that plaintiff’s motion be denied. 22 Legal Standards 23 Summary judgment is appropriate when there is “no genuine dispute as to any material 24 fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). Summary 25 judgment avoids unnecessary trials in cases in which the parties do not dispute the facts relevant 26 to the determination of the issues in the case, or in which there is insufficient evidence for a jury 27 to determine those facts in favor of the nonmovant. Crawford-El v. Britton, 523 U.S. 574, 600 28 (1998); Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247-50 (1986); Nw. Motorcycle Ass’n v. 1 U.S. Dep’t of Agric., 18 F.3d 1468, 1471-72 (9th Cir. 1994). Asummary judgment motion asks 2 whether the evidence presents sufficient disagreement to require submission to a jury. 3 The principal purpose of Rule 56 is to isolate and dispose of factually unsupported claims 4 or defenses. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323-24 (1986). Thus, the rule functions to 5 “‘pierce the pleadings and to assess the proof in order to see whether there is a genuine need for 6 trial.’” Matsushita Elec. Indus.v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587 (1986) (quoting Fed. R. 7 Civ. P. 56(e) advisory committee’s note on 1963 amendments). Procedurally, under summary 8 judgment practice, the moving party bears the initial responsibility of presenting the basis for its 9 motion and identifying those portions of the record, together with affidavits, if any, that it 10 believes demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. Celotex, 477 U.S. at 323; 11 Devereaux v. Abbey, 263 F.3d 1070, 1076 (9th Cir. 2001) (en banc). If the moving party meets 12 its burden with a properly supported motion, the burden then shifts to the opposing party to 13 present specific facts that show there is a genuine issue for trial. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e); Anderson, 14 477 U.S. at 248; Auvil v. CBS “60 Minutes”, 67 F.3d 816, 819 (9th Cir. 1995). 15 Wherethe burden of proof lies as to the relevant factual issueis crucial to adjudicating 16 summary judgment. Depending on which party bears that burden, the party seeking summary 17 judgment does not necessarily need to submit any evidence of its own. When the opposing party 18 bears theburden of proof on a dispositive issue at trial, the moving party need not produce 19 evidence that negates the opponent’s claim. See, e.g.,Lujan v. National Wildlife Fed’n, 497 U.S. 20 871, 885 (1990). Rather, the moving party need only point to matters thatdemonstrate the 21 absence of a genuine material factual issue. See Celotex, 477 U.S. at 323-24 (“[W]here the 22 nonmoving party will bear the burden of proof at trial on a dispositive issue, a summary judgment 23 motion may properly be made in reliance solely on the ‘pleadings, depositions, answers to 24 interrogatories, and admissions on file.’”). Summaryjudgment should be entered, after adequate 25 time for discovery and upon motion, against a party who fails to make a showing sufficient to 26 establish the existence of an element essential to that party’s case, and on which that party will 27 bear the burden of proof at trial. See id. at 322. In such a circumstance, summary judgment must 28 be granted, “so long as whatever is before the district court demonstrates that the standard for 1 entry of summary judgment, as set forth in Rule 56(c), is satisfied.” Id.at 323. 2 To defeat summary judgment,the opposing party must establish a genuine dispute as to a 3 material issue of fact. This give us tworequirements. First, the dispute must be over a fact that is 4 material, i.e., one that makes a difference in the outcome of the case. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248 5 (“Only disputes over facts that might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law will 6 properly preclude the entry of summary judgment.”). Whether a factual dispute is material is 7 determined by the substantive law applicable for the claim in question. Id. If the opposing party 8 is unable to produce evidence sufficient to establish a required element of its claim that party fails 9 in opposing summary judgment. “[A] complete failure of proof concerning an essential element 10 of the nonmoving party’s case necessarily renders all other facts immaterial.” Celotex, 477 U.S. 11 at 322. 12 Second, thedispute must be genuine. In determining whether a factual dispute is genuine, 13 the court must again focus on which party bears the burden of proof. Where the party opposing 14 summary judgment would bear the burden of proof at trial on the factual issue in dispute, that 15 party must produce evidence sufficient to support its factual claim. Conclusory allegations, 16 unsupported by evidence,are insufficient to defeat the motion. Taylor v. List, 880 F.2d 1040, 17 1045 (9th Cir.1989). Rather, the opposing party must, by affidavit or as otherwise provided by 18 Rule 56, designate specific facts that show there to bea genuine issue for trial. Anderson, 477 19 U.S. at 249; Devereaux, 263 F.3d at 1076. More significantly, to demonstrate a genuine factual 20 dispute,the evidence relied on by the opposing party must be such that a fair-minded jury “could 21 return a verdict for [him] on the evidence presented.” Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248, 252. Absent 22 such evidence there is no reason for trial. 23 The court does not determine witness credibility. It accepts the opposing party’s evidence 24 as trueand draws the inferences most favorabletothe opposing party. See id. at 249, 255; 25 Matsushita, 475 U.S. at 587. Inferences, however, are not drawn out of “thin air,” and the 26 proponent must adduce evidence of a factual predicate from which to draw inferences. American 27 Int’l Group, Inc. v. American Int’l Bank, 926 F.2d 829, 836 (9th Cir.1991) (Kozinski, J., 28 dissenting) (citing Celotex, 477 U.S. at 322). If reasonable minds could differ on material facts at 1 issue, summary judgment is inappropriate. See Warren v. City of Carlsbad, 58 F.3d 439, 441 (9th 2 Cir. 1995). On the other hand, the opposing party “must do more than simply show that there is 3 some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts . . . . Where the record taken as a whole could 4 not lead a rational trier of fact to find for the nonmoving party, there is no ‘genuine issue for 5 trial.’” Matsushita, 475 U.S. at 587 (citation omitted). In such case, the court must grant 6 summary judgment. 7 Analysis 8 I. Background 9 Plaintiff alleges that defendant, a correctional officer,violated his Eighth Amendment 10 rights by exhibiting deliberate indifference toward his serious medical needs. ECF No. 17 at 6. 11 He claims that, after he underwent a surgical procedure at an Oakland area hospital, defendant 12 “manhandled” him during preparation for transport back to California State Prison—Sacramento. 13 Id. Plaintiff alleges that he was vomiting blood as defendant was preparing him for transport. Id. 14 Despite this troublingsymptom, defendant allegedly placed plaintiff in the transport vehicle and 15 began to drive him back to prison. Id. 16 Plaintiff alleges that, during the course of transport, he continued to vomit blood and 17 request help from defendant. Id. Defendant ignored him. Id. Plaintiffclaims that hepassed out 18 at some point during the transport and only regained consciousness once they arrived at the 19 prison. Id. Defendant allegedly became apologetic once plaintiff was unloaded and his poor 20 condition was apparent. Id.at 7. 21 Defendant, by way of his answer, has denied that he was deliberately indifferent to 22 plaintiff’s serious medical needs. ECF No. 41 at 2-3. 23 II. Argument 24 In his opposition, defendant argues that plaintiff’s motion is premature and that it fails to 25 meet the evidentiary burden set forth in Rule 56. He is correct on both counts. 26 The motion, filed before defendant had answered the second amended complaint, is 27 premature. Motions for summary judgment can be filed at any time but are disfavoredwhen 28 submitted before the parties have had adequate time to conduct discovery. Celotex, 477 U.S. at 1 322 (“[T]he plain language of Rule 56(c) mandates the entry of summary judgment, after 2 adequate time for discovery. . . .”); see also Mohamed v. Jeppesen Dataplan, Inc., 614 F.3d 3 1070, 1100 n.15 (9th Cir. 2009) (stating that summary judgment was inappropriate where 4 defendant had not answered the complaint and it was “uncertain which allegations are in dispute, 5 much less which disputes might raise genuine issues of material fact”). The parties have not yet 6 had achance to investigate what evidence, if any, supports plaintiff’s claims or whether he 7 exhausted administrative remedies prior to filing this action. 8 The motion also fails to establish that no there is no “no genuine dispute” as to whether 9 defendant was deliberately indifferent toward plaintiff’s serious medical needs. As noted above, 10 defendant has denied plaintiff’s allegations by way of his answer. ECF No. 41 at 2-3. The only 11 evidence supporting plaintiff’s motion is his own declaration and several prison grievances. ECF 12 No. 39 at 3-8. The grievance documents do not show whether prison officials substantiated the 13 claims made therein. It is plaintiff’s burden to establish that defendant violated his rights,and the 14 submissions at bar amount to nothing more than a recitation of the claims in plaintiff’s complaint. 15 See Moralez v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.,No. C 17-05127 WHA,2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 185049, *6, 16 2018 WL 5458767(N.D. Cal. Oct. 28, 2018) (“The conclusory assertions in plaintiff's declaration 17 are insufficient to carry her burden on summary judgment. Plaintiff's self-serving testimony can 18 also reasonably be doubted in light of her failure to submit supporting documents with her motion 19 for summary judgment . . . .”). 20 Findings and Recommendations 21 For the foregoing reasons, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that plaintiff’s motionfor 22 summary judgment (ECF No. 39)be DENIED without prejudice. 23 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge 24 assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within fourteen days of 25 being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written objections with 26 thecourt and serve a copy on all parties. Such a document should be captioned “Objections to 27 Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” Failure to file objections within the 28 specified time may waive the right to appeal the District Court’s order. Turner v. Duncan, 158 1 || F.3d 449, 455 (9th Cir. 1998); Martinez v. Yist, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991). 2 || Dated: October 9, 2020 Deere. 4 STATE GISTRATE JUDGE 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28