1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JARED ANDREW MARTIN, No. 1:22-cv-01351-ADA-EPG (PC) 12 Plaintiff, ORDER DISMISSING CASE WITH PREJUDICE BASED ON CLAIM 13 v. PRECLUSION AND FRIVOLOUSNESS 14 A. DELACRUZ, et al., (ECF No. 1) 15 Defendants. 16 17 Plaintiff Jared Andrew Martin is confined at the Madera County Jail and proceeds pro se 18 and in forma pauperis in this civil rights action filed pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. (ECF Nos. 1, 19 7). Plaintiff filed his complaint on October 21, 2022, alleging that correctional officer A. 20 Delacruz violated his civil rights while Plaintiff was incarcerated at Kern Valley State Prison by, 21 among other things, using excessive force against him, subjecting him to unconstitutional 22 conditions of confinement, and being deliberately indifferent to his safety. (ECF No. 1). 23 On December 1, 2022, the assigned Magistrate Judge issued an order for Plaintiff to show cause 24 why his claims are not barred by claim preclusion and frivolous because he already brought them 25 in a prior lawsuit, Martin v. Delacruz, et al., 1:22-cv-812-ADA-SAB, which was adjudicated on 26 the merits. (ECF No. 8); see Headwaters Inc. v. U.S. Forest Serv., 399 F.3d 1047, 1055 (9th Cir. 27 2005) (noting that a court should give notice and an opportunity to respond before dismissing a 28 case on claim preclusion grounds). 1 On December 8, 2022, Plaintiff filed a response, stating that he voluntarily withdrew the 2 prior suit and asking “that this suit go forward or the Court provide [him] with the documents [he] 3 filed in the previous case” so he could confirm whether or not he voluntarily dismissed it and to 4 see if it was decided on the merits.1 (ECF No. 9 at 2). He states that if he is “not able to pursue 5 this lawsuit,” he will voluntarily dismiss it. (Id.) 6 On December 12, 2022, Plaintiff filed another response, arguing that the Magistrate Judge 7 incorrectly decided that claim preclusion applied. (ECF No. 10). He asserts that, while the two 8 cases share similar facts, the instant case “is an entirely different lawsuit,” because this case 9 contains new claims and facts. (Id. at 2). He “asks the Court to proceed with this new case.” (Id. 10 at 3). 11 As the Magistrate Judge explained to Plaintiff in the order to show cause, and as the Court 12 explains below again, alleging additional claims and facts does not bar the application of claim 13 preclusion. Claim preclusion is warranted because the previous dismissed action covered the 14 same subject matter. Additionally, the Court has confirmed that Plaintiff did not voluntarily 15 dismiss his prior case; rather, it was dismissed for failure to state a cognizable claim upon which 16 relief may be granted. See Order Denying Plaintiff’s Motion to Disqualify Magistrate Judge and 17 Order Adopting Findings and Recommendations and Dismissing Action, Martin v. Delacruz, No. 18 1:22-cv-ADA-SAB (PC) (E.D. Cal. Sep. 16, 2022), ECF No. 15 at 3. 19 The Court will, therefore, dismiss this case for the reasons set forth in this order. 20 I. 21 Screening Order 22 The Court is required to screen complaints brought by pretrial detainees or prisoners 23 seeking relief against a governmental entity or its officers or employees. 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915A(a), 24 (c). The Court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if the prisoner has raised claims that 25 are legally frivolous or malicious, that fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or 26 that seek monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. Id. § 1915A(b)(1)– 27 1 Minor alterations, such as changing capitalization, have been made to some of Plaintiff’s quotations in this order 28 without indicating each change. 1 (2). As Plaintiff is proceeding in forma pauperis, the Court may also screen the complaint on 2 these same grounds under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). (See ECF No. 7). 3 A complaint is required to contain “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that 4 the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). Detailed factual allegations are not 5 required, but “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere 6 conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citing Bell 7 Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). A plaintiff must set forth “sufficient 8 factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Id. 9 (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570). The mere possibility of misconduct falls short of meeting 10 this plausibility standard. Id. at 679. While a plaintiff’s allegations are taken as true, courts “are 11 not required to indulge unwarranted inferences.” Doe I v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 572 F.3d 677, 12 681 (9th Cir. 2009) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). Additionally, a plaintiff’s 13 legal conclusions are not accepted as true. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. 14 Pleadings of pro se plaintiffs “must be held to less stringent standards than formal pleadings 15 drafted by lawyers.” Hebbe v. Pliler, 627 F.3d 338, 342 (9th Cir. 2010). 16 II. 17 Plaintiff’s Prior Case 18 As an initial matter, the Court notes that Plaintiff filed at least twenty-two cases in 2022.2 19 Pertinent here is Martin v. Delacruz, et al., 1:22-cv-812-ADA-SAB, which Plaintiff filed on July 20 1, 2022. (ECF No. 1).3 Plaintiff’s initial complaint in that case stated that his claims arose from 21 his confinement at Kern Valley State Prison, and he sued Delacruz, Warden Christian Pfeiffer, 22 Secretary of the CDCR Kathleen Allison, and the County of Kern. (Id.) Plaintiff primarily 23
24 2 See 1:22-cv-2-DAD-SAB; 1:22-cv-56-JLT-CDB; 1:22-cv-560-ADA-HBK; 1:22-cv-600-ADA-BAM; 1:22-cv-681-AWI-EPG; 1:22-cv-698-AWI-SKO; 1:22-cv-748-ADA-EPG; 1:22-cv-749-ADA-BAM; 1:22- 25 cv-766-AWI-HBK; 1:22-cv-810-AWI-GSA; 1:22-cv-812-ADA-SAB; 1:22-cv-847-JLT-EPG; 1:22-cv- 860-AWI-CDB; 1:22-cv-889-AWI-BAM; 1:22-cv-914-JLT-SAB; 1:22-cv-953-JLT-SKO; 1:22-cv-1001- 26 AWI-GSA; 1:22-cv-1083-JLT-EPG; 1:22-cv-1172-ADA-GSA; 1:22-cv-1351-ADA-EPG; 1:22-cv-1455- HBK; and 1:22-cv-1484-EPG. The Court takes judicial notice of the dockets and filings from other cases 27 that it cites in this order. See Ray v. Lara, 31 F.4th 692, 697 n.4 (9th Cir. 2022) (taking judicial notice of district court records). 28 3 All ECF citations in this section are to Plaintiff’s prior case. 1 focused his allegations on Delacruz, alleging that he twisted his arms and put his handcuffs on too 2 tight for no reason, would not let people push him in his wheelchair, smashed him between a wall 3 and cell door, failed to feed him, threw his food on the floor, failed to remedy flooding in his cell, 4 limited access to the phones and television and told other prisoners it was his fault, threatened 5 him with violence, made him walk on a wet floor so he could slip, failed to replace his socks and 6 busted shoes, prevented his sink from being fixed, tortured him, terrorized him, tried to murder 7 him, and would not let him attend medical appointments. (Id. at 3–5.) As to the other 8 Defendants, Plaintiff indicated that they failed to stop Delacruz’s conduct. (Id. at 5.) Under the 9 section of the form complaint regarding the rights allegedly violated, Plaintiff listed the First, 10 Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendments. (Id. at 3.) For relief, Plaintiff sought 11 to have Delacruz fired and arrested and for KVSP to be investigated. He also requested FBI 12 protection, assistance from the United States Attorney, and $100 million in damages. (Id. at 6.) 13 Magistrate Judge Stanley A. Boone screened the case on July 11, 2022, concluding that 14 the complaint failed to comply with the requirements of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8. 15 Specifically, the complaint was “replete with legal conclusions devoid of factual support” and 16 “Plaintiff identifie[d] a multitude of different claims against Defendant De La Cruz, without 17 sufficient explanation as to the factual basis for the claims.” (ECF No. 7 at 3–4). Plaintiff was 18 given leave to amend his complaint and provided the legal standards for excessive force, 19 conditions of confinement, deliberate indifference to safety, disability, access to the courts, and 20 retaliation claims and generally advised about the deficiencies in his complaint, e.g., that his 21 allegations about Delacruz handcuffing him and twisting his arms were “conclusory and 22 unsupported by sufficient factual allegations explaining the events and circumstances that led up 23 [the] alleged use of force.” (Id. at 4). 24 On July 19, 2022, Plaintiff filed an amended complaint, adding the City of Delano as a 25 defendant. (ECF No. 9). This amended complaint alleged that Delacruz handcuffed him and 26 twisted his arms for no reason, took every opportunity to assault and abuse him, did not feed him, 27 threw his food on the floor, retaliated against him, tortured him, tried to murder him, limited 28 access to the phones and television and told other prisoners it was Plaintiff’s fault, failed to 1 remedy the flooding in his cell, did not replace his socks and busted shoes, tried to stop him from 2 filing court cases, retaliated against him, tore up his cell, stole his property, smashed him in the 3 door of his cell, and wrote him up for nothing. (Id. at 3–4.) Under the section of the form 4 complaint regarding the rights allegedly violated, Plaintiff listed the First, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, 5 Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendments. (Id. at 3.) Plaintiff requested that Delacruz be fired and 6 arrested, FBI protection, assistance from the United States Attorney, and $100 million in 7 damages. (Id. at 5.) 8 On July 27, 2022, Magistrate Judge Boone issued findings and recommendations, 9 recommending that the case be dismissed for failure to state a claim, without leave to amend. 10 (ECF No. 11.) Judge Boone concluded that “Plaintiff[] fail[ed] to provide additional information 11 about his claims despite specific instructions from the [C]ourt.” (Id. at 7.) For example, 12 “[a]lthough Plaintiff contend[ed] that Defendant De La Cruz would place the handcuffs on him 13 too tightly and twist hi[s] arm, Plaintiff’s allegations [were] conclusory and unsupported by 14 sufficient factual allegations explaining the events and circumstances that led up to Defendant De 15 La Cruz’s alleged use of force on Plaintiff.” (Id. at 3). 16 On September 16, 2022, this Court adopted Judge Boone’s findings and recommendations 17 over Plaintiff’s objections and dismissed the case for failure to state a cognizable claim. (ECF 18 No. 15). Judgment was entered, (ECF No. 16), and Plaintiff did not file an appeal. 19 III. 20 Summary of Plaintiff’s Instant Complaint 21 Plaintiff filed the instant complaint on October 21, 2022, about one month after the 22 dismissal of his prior case. (ECF No. 1). Plaintiff alleges that his claims arise from his 23 confinement at KVSP and sues Delacruz, Pfeiffer, the County of Kern, and the City of Delano. 24 Plaintiff brings ten claims, primarily focusing his allegations on Delacruz. 25 For his first claim, Plaintiff states that, on June 7, 2021, Delacruz wrote him up for not 26 moving although he had clearance from a yard sergeant that he “did not have to move to be put on 27 quarantine.” (Id. at 3.) On June 22, 2021, he complained about his sink being stopped up, but 28 1 “Delacruz refused to have it fixed.” (Id.) On July 7, 2021, Plaintiff reported that his cell was 2 flooding but “Delacruz would not help [him].” (Id.) 3 For his second claim, Plaintiff states that, on August 18, 2021, Delacruz used unnecessary 4 force by grabbing him and pushing him around for no reason.4 (Id. at 3–4.) On July 8, 2021, he 5 complained that his “shoes were busted” and his “socks had holes in them and [his] cell was 6 flooding.” (Id. at 4.) Delacruz did not have the flooding remedied and did not replace his shoes 7 or socks. Delacruz would write Plaintiff up just because he could and because Plaintiff “was 8 writing him up.” (Id.) 9 For his third claim, Plaintiff states that, on July 9, 2021, Delacruz refused to order 602 10 grievance form attachments and was trying to stop Plaintiff’s grievances. (Id. at 5.) As of July 11 11, 2021, he was still having problems with flooding in his cell and Delacruz did not give him 12 towels or blankets to soak up the water. (Id.) Plaintiff knew that Delacruz was trying to kill him 13 because Delacruz knows that, with Plaintiff’s health problems, his conduct could kill Plaintiff. 14 Warden Pfeiffer “did nothing.” (Id.) 15 For his fourth claim, Plaintiff states that, on September 29, 2021, he submitted an 16 emergency staff complaint because Delacruz “trashed” his cell. (Id. at 6.) Delacruz continued to 17 harass and abuse him. (Id.) On October 21, 2021, Delacruz made him shower last. (Id.) He 18 would do whatever he could to hurt Plaintiff, writing a false RVR because Plaintiff refused to 19 stand for count when Plaintiff was unable to stand because he was disabled. (Id.) 20 For his fifth claim, Plaintiff states that he did not “pursue the first lawsuit against Delacruz 21 because [he] did not have some files and records,” which were illegally seized by the Madera 22 County Sheriffs, who purposely interfere with his lawsuits. (Id. at 7.) On October 6, 2021, 23 Delacruz “just started in on [him], grabbing [him] and throwing [him] around and twisting [his] 24 arms and putting handcuffs on [him] too tight” although Plaintiff was doing nothing wrong. (Id.) 25 This was “torture.” (Id.) Plaintiff submitted an emergency staff complaint on October 12, 2021, 26 about Delacruz’s abuse. (Id.) 27 4 Some of Plaintiff’s factual allegations span multiple claims. The Court recites the allegations under the 28 claim where there are primarily featured. 1 For his sixth claim, Plaintiff states that, despite his multiple complaints, “not one CDCR 2 employee stopped Officer Delacruz from abusing [his] First, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, and 3 Fourteenth Amendment rights.” (Id. at 8.) On November 7, 2021, he wrote another complaint. 4 Delacruz refused to give him “indigent envelopes and paper.” (Id.) On November 9, 2021, 5 Delacruz “attack[ed] [him] for no reason.” (Id.) He twisted Plaintiff’s arms and put the 6 handcuffs on too tight although Plaintiff was not hurting anyone. (Id.) Delacruz did it because of 7 the complaints that Plaintiff submitted against him. (Id.) Delacruz wanted him dead but could 8 not kill him because Plaintiff has witnesses to beatings, sexual harassment, and abuse from 9 Delacruz and other correctional officers. (Id. at 9.) On November 14, 2021, Delacruz refused to 10 let anyone push Plaintiff to pill call and watched him fall on the floor three or four times and did 11 nothing. (Id.) 12 For his seventh claim, Plaintiff states that, on December 7, 2021, he complained about 13 Delacruz. (Id. at 10.) While Plaintiff was gone at the doctor on December 6, 2021, Delacruz 14 fabricated a story about his cell not being functional and moved him. (Id.) Plaintiff’s prior cell 15 was near the ADA shower, and Delacruz moved him to “torture” him. (Id.) On December 13, 16 2021, Delacruz took some papers from an inmate helping Plaintiff with his legal work and threw 17 them under Plaintiff’s cell door, stating that the inmate could not help Plaintiff. That same day, 18 Delacruz refused to let him out of his cell for a grievance interview because he was trying to 19 cover up his misconduct. (Id.) On December 21, 2021, Delacruz refused to let an ADA worker 20 assist Plaintiff. (Id. at 11.) On December 22, 2021, Delacruz tried to make Plaintiff, who 21 regularly falls, walk on a wet floor in an attempt to kill him. (Id.) 22 For his eighth claim, Plaintiff states that, on January 4, 2022, Delacruz refused to let him 23 e-file a § 1983 lawsuit. (Id. at 12.) The Kern County Sheriffs let Delacruz do whatever he 24 wanted. (Id.) On January 17, 2022, Delacruz refused to turn on the TV and told prisoners that he 25 was doing it because Plaintiff writes 602s on him, in an attempt to get other prisoners to jump 26 him. (Id.) Warden Pfeiffer failed to stop Delacruz’s abuse. (Id.) On January 17, 2022, Delacruz 27 refused to feed him. (Id. at 13.) On January 22, 2022, Delacruz refused to give him a shower. 28 1 (Id.) On February 16, 2022, Delacruz told inmates that they were not getting phone calls because 2 of Plaintiff to get them to attack Plaintiff. (Id.) 3 For his ninth claim, Plaintiff states that, on February 26, 2022, Delacruz would not let him 4 out of his cell to get his medications despite knowing that Plaintiff is sick and has several 5 diseases. (Id. at 14.) On March 1, 2022, Plaintiff reported Delacruz for stealing legal paperwork 6 from his cell. (Id.) Delacruz interfered with Plaintiff’s lawsuits and habeas petitions, stopped 7 him from getting help from other prisoners, and refused to let him go to the law library. (Id.) On 8 March 1, 2022, Delacruz closed the cell door on Plaintiff and then opened the door and tried to 9 close him in the door. (Id. at 14–15.) He did this “as to pretend this was going to crush 10 [Plaintiff].” (Id. at 14.) Delacruz has tried to kill him on many occasions. (Id. at 15.) Delacruz 11 would not let Plaintiff out of his cell to go to medical appointments and stopped him from getting 12 his medications. (Id.) Plaintiff claims that his “previous lawsuit . . . was not dismissed for failure 13 to state a cognizable claim.” (Id.) “[He] voluntarily dismissed [it] because [he] was dealing with 14 that fraud Stanley A. Boone.” (Id.) Plaintiff was supposed to get back shots on March 30, 2022, 15 but Delacruz canceled his appointment and sent him to Madera County Jail. (Id.) 16 For his tenth claim, Plaintiff generally indicates that this suit has merit and asks that the 17 case not be assigned to Magistrate Judge Boone. (Id. at 16.) Additionally, he states that 18 Delacruz’s conduct cannot be ignored or he will be given a license to torture and kill. (Id.) 19 Regarding the rights allegedly violated, Plaintiff lists the First, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, 20 Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendments and 18 U.S.C. § 113 (criminalizing assault), § 2340 21 (defining torture), and § 2340A (criminalizing torture). 22 As for relief, Plaintiff wants those involved fired and arrested, State and Federal 23 investigations into KVSP, FBI protection, assistance from the United States Attorney, and $100 24 million. (Id. at 17.) 25 /// 26 /// 27 /// 28 /// 1 IV. 2 Analysis of Plaintiff’s Complaint 3 A. Section 1983 4 The Civil Rights Act under which this action was filed provides as follows: 5 Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory or the District of 6 Columbia, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the 7 deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action 8 at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress . . . . 9 42 U.S.C. § 1983. “[Section] 1983 ‘is not itself a source of substantive rights,’ but merely 10 provides ‘a method for vindicating federal rights elsewhere conferred.’” Graham v. Connor, 490 11 U.S. 386, 393–94 (1989) (quoting Baker v. McCollan, 443 U.S. 137, 144 n.3 (1979)); see also 12 Chapman v. Houston Welfare Rights Org., 441 U.S. 600, 618 (1979); Hall v. City of Los Angeles, 13 697 F.3d 1059, 1068 (9th Cir. 2012); Crowley v. Nevada, 678 F.3d 730, 734 (9th Cir. 14 2012); Anderson v. Warner, 451 F.3d 1063, 1067 (9th Cir. 2006). 15 To state a claim under § 1983, a plaintiff must allege that (1) the defendant acted under 16 color of state law, and (2) the defendant deprived him of rights secured by the Constitution or 17 federal law. Long v. Cnty. of L.A., 442 F.3d 1178, 1185 (9th Cir. 2006); see also Marsh v. Cnty. 18 of San Diego, 680 F.3d 1148, 1158 (9th Cir. 2012). A person deprives another of a constitutional 19 right, “within the meaning of § 1983, ‘if he does an affirmative act, participates in another’s 20 affirmative act, or omits to perform an act which he is legally required to do that causes the 21 deprivation of which complaint is made.’” Preschooler II v. Clark Cnty. Sch. Bd. of Trs., 479 22 F.3d 1175, 1183 (9th Cir. 2007) (quoting Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 1978)). 23 “The requisite causal connection may be established when an official sets in motion a ‘series of 24 acts by others which the actor knows or reasonably should know would cause others to inflict’ 25 constitutional harms.” Id. at 1183 (quoting Johnson, 588 F.2d at 743). This standard of causation 26 “closely resembles the standard ‘foreseeability’ formulation of proximate cause.” Arnold v. Int’l 27 Bus. Mach. Corp., 637 F.2d 1350, 1355 (9th Cir. 1981); see also Harper v. City of L.A., 533 F.3d 28 1010, 1026 (9th Cir. 2008). 1 A plaintiff must demonstrate that each named defendant personally participated in the 2 deprivation of his rights. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 676–77. In other words, there must be an actual 3 connection or link between the actions of the defendants and the deprivation alleged to have been 4 suffered by the plaintiff. See Monell v. Dep’t of Soc. Servs. of City of N.Y., 436 U.S. 658, 691, 5 695 (1978). 6 B. Claim Preclusion 7 “As a general matter, a court may, sua sponte, dismiss a case on preclusion grounds where 8 the records of that court show that a previous action covering the same subject matter and parties 9 had been dismissed.” Headwaters Inc., 399 F.3d at 1054 (internal citation and quotation marks 10 omitted). Additionally, duplicative lawsuits may be dismissed as malicious or frivolous. See 11 Daniels v. Sherman, No. 1:18-CV-01420-AWI-BAM (PC), 2021 WL 4480295, at *5 (E.D. Cal. 12 Sept. 30, 2021) (“An in forma pauperis complaint that merely repeats pending or previously 13 litigated claims may be considered abusive and dismissed under § 1915.”) (internal citations 14 omitted). 15 At issue here is claim preclusion (sometimes called res judicata) which “generally refers 16 to the effect of a prior judgment in foreclosing successive litigation of the very same claim, 17 whether or not relitigation of the claim raises the same issues as the earlier suit.” New Hampshire 18 v. Maine, 532 U.S. 742, 748 (2001); Lucky Brand Dungarees, Inc. v. Marcel Fashions Grp., Inc., 19 140 S. Ct. 1589, 1594 (2020) (noting that claim preclusion is sometimes called res judicata). The 20 purpose of claim preclusion is “[t]o preclude parties from contesting matters that they have had a 21 full and fair opportunity to litigate,” which serves to protect against “the expense and vexation 22 attending multiple lawsuits, conserve[] judicial resources, and foster[] reliance on judicial action 23 by minimizing the possibility of inconsistent decisions.” Montana v. United States, 440 U.S. 147, 24 153–54 (1979). Claim preclusion applies in civil cases like § 1983 actions. United States v. 25 Bhatia, 545 F.3d 757, 759 (9th Cir. 2008) (noting that claim preclusion applies in civil 26 proceedings); Ewing v. Superior Ct. of Cal., 90 F. Supp. 3d 1067, 1075 (S.D. Cal. 2015) (noting 27 that claim preclusion applies in § 1983 actions). 28 /// 1 “Claim preclusion . . . applies where: (1) the same parties, or their privies, were involved 2 in the prior litigation, (2) the prior litigation involved the same claim or cause of action as the 3 later suit, and (3) the prior litigation was terminated by a final judgment on the merits.” Cent. 4 Delta Water Agency v. United States, 306 F.3d 938, 952 (9th Cir. 2002). 5 Here, the first element is met as both cases involved the same parties – Plaintiff and 6 Defendants Delacruz, Pfeiffer, County of Kern, and the City of Delano.5 See Tahoe-Sierra Pres. 7 Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Reg’l Plan. Agency, 322 F.3d 1064, 1081 (9th Cir. 2003) (“We first note 8 that several parties in both actions are identical, and therefore quite obviously in privity.”). 9 In considering the second element—whether there is an identity of claims—the Court 10 considers four factors, with the fourth being the most important: 11 “(1) [W]hether rights or interests established in the prior judgment would be destroyed or impaired by prosecution of the second action; 12 (2) whether substantially the same evidence is presented in the two actions; (3) whether the two suits involve infringement of the same 13 right; and (4) whether the two suits arise out of the same transactional nucleus of facts.” 14 15 Harris v. Cnty. of Orange, 682 F.3d 1126, 1132 (9th Cir. 2012). It appears that each factor is met 16 in this case. 17 Defendants’ interest in the prior judgment dismissing Plaintiff’s case against them would 18 be impaired were Plaintiff allowed to relitigate this action. The second, third, and fourth factors 19 are met as both cases rely on substantially the same evidence to prove the same violation of rights 20 involving the same set of facts. See United States v. Liquidators of Eur. Fed. Credit Bank, 630 21 F.3d 1139, 1151 (9th Cir. 2011) (concluding that there was an identity of claims where there were 22 “no real differences (if there are any differences at all) between the factual predicates for the two 23 [] actions”). Most notably, both suits concern Plaintiff’s allegations that, while confined at 24 KVSP, Delacruz continually violated Plaintiff’s First, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, and Fourteenth 25 Amendment rights by, among other things, twisting his arms and handcuffing him too tightly, 26 failing to remedy flooding in his cell, and trying to provoke other prisoners to attack Plaintiff by 27 blaming him for limited access to the television and phones. Moreover, in both suits, Plaintiff
28 5 Plaintiff has not sued Kathleen Allison as he did in the prior case. 1 indicates that the other Defendants failed to prevent Delacruz’s abuses from happening. 2 While Plaintiff asserts in his response that claim preclusion does not apply because he 3 alleges additional claims and factual allegations, this does not mean that both suits involve 4 different claims for purposes of claim preclusion. (ECF No. 10). As explained above, a prior 5 case is considered to have identity of claims where they concern the same subject matter, they 6 rely on the same evidence, and they arise out of the same nucleus of facts. Tahoe-Sierra Pres. 7 Council, Inc., 322 F.3d at 1077–78 (“an ‘identity of claims’ does not mean that an imaginative 8 attorney may avoid preclusion by attaching a different legal label to an issue that has, or could 9 have, been litigated . . . . Newly articulated claims based on the same nucleus of facts may still be 10 subject to [claim preclusion] if the claims could have been brought in the earlier action.”). 11 With these standards in mind, Plaintiff’s response to the order to show cause confirms that 12 claim preclusion applies here. Notably, Plaintiff states that while this lawsuit “does mention 13 some of the things from the previous lawsuit that is only to show facts in fuller detail and to show 14 ‘torture’ according to the Federal Law and the Court’s argument in the first lawsuit [that there 15 was] not enough information.” (ECF No. 10 at 3). But as to the new claims and facts Plaintiff 16 offers to try to revive the dismissed lawsuit, “[i]t is immaterial whether the claims asserted 17 subsequent to the judgment were actually pursued in the action that led to the judgment; rather, 18 the relevant inquiry is whether they could have been brought.” U.S. ex rel. Barajas v. Northrop 19 Corp., 147 F.3d 905, 909 (9th Cir. 1998) (emphasis added). Here, Plaintiff was given a chance to 20 offer his new claims and facts on amendment in the prior case but failed to do so. Importantly, 21 Plaintiff himself acknowledges that both cases concern the same operative facts regarding the 22 alleged abuses suffered at the hands of Delacruz while Plaintiff was confined at KSVP, with the 23 other Defendants failing to prevent them. See Mpoyo v. Litton Electro-Optical Sys., 430 F.3d 24 985, 987 (9th Cir. 2005) (concluding that two sets of claims both involved a common nucleus of 25 operative fact where they arose from defendant’s “conduct while [plaintiff] was an employee and 26 specifically from the events leading to his termination”). 27 Lastly, the final element is met because the prior case was terminated by a final judgment 28 on the merits when it was dismissed for failure to state a claim. See Stewart v. U.S. Bancorp, 297 1 F.3d 953, 957 (9th Cir. 2002) (noting that “a dismissal for failure to state a claim under Rule 2 12(b)(6) is a ‘judgment on the merits’ to which res judicata applies”); see also Order Denying 3 Plaintiff’s Motion to Disqualify Magistrate Judge and Order Adopting Findings and 4 Recommendations and Dismissing Action, Martin v. Delacruz, No. 1:22-cv-ADA-SAB (PC) 5 (E.D. Cal. Sep. 16, 2022), ECF No. 15 at 3.. 6 Accordingly, the doctrine of claim preclusion prevents Plaintiff from proceeding on his 7 instant claims. 8 C. Frivolousness 9 A duplicative lawsuit can rise to the level of frivolousness, which, as noted above, is one 10 of the bases to dismiss complaints at the screening stage. “Lawsuits barred by claim preclusion 11 are frivolous if a reasonable and competent inquiry would have led to this conclusion.” Lull v. 12 Cnty. of Sacramento, No. 2:20-CV-1645-KJM-CKD, 2021 WL 5054392, at *5 (E.D. Cal. Nov. 1, 13 2021). Here, the Court concludes that a reasonable inquiry would have informed Plaintiff that 14 this case was duplicative of his prior suit and thus frivolous. 15 First, Plaintiff’s complaint and responses to the show cause order acknowledge his prior 16 lawsuit against Delacruz in Martin v. Delacruz, et al., 1:22-cv-812-ADA-SAB. Second, the prior 17 case’s dismissal a mere month before the filing of the instant case strongly suggests that Plaintiff 18 would not have forgotten about it. Third, the Court has considered Plaintiff’s pro se status; 19 however, the degree of leniency that might typically be afforded to a non-lawyer is diminished 20 because Plaintiff is an experienced litigator, having filed at least twenty-two lawsuits last year, 21 with the vast majority filed before this case. Fourth, some of Plaintiff’s conduct suggests a 22 malicious disregard of the truth, e.g., his repeated assertion that he voluntarily dismissed his prior 23 lawsuit when the order dismissing his prior case stated that the case was “dismissed due to 24 plaintiff’s failure to state a cognizable claim upon which relief may be granted.”6 25 6 In Plaintiff’s objection, Plaintiff requests the Court to send him free copies of filings from his prior case so that he 26 can confirm whether it was voluntarily dismissed or decided on the merits. (ECF No. 9 at 2). The Court declines to do so. Should Plaintiff desire any copies of filings from his prior case, he may contact the Clerk of Court to obtain 27 them. Plaintiff is advised that the Clerk of Court charges $.50 per copied page and requires prepayment of the entire fee before a copy will be made. 28 1 Similarly, the Court notes that while Plaintiff indicates he may voluntarily dismiss this 2 | case in the future if the Court determines he cannot pursue it, Plaintiff has yet to file a notice of 3 | voluntary dismissal under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(a)(1)(A)@). Lavery v. Dhillon, No. 4 | 2:13-CV-2083-MCE-ACP, 2016 WL 5661739, at *1 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 30, 2016) (noting that an 5 | “equivocal” intent to voluntarily dismiss a case “was not clearly a notice of voluntary dismissal 6 | under Rule 41(a)(1)” and “did not operate to close [the] action”). Accordingly, the case remains 7 | pending and is subject to dismissal with prejudice. 8 Accordingly, 9 1. This case is dismissed with prejudice as barred by claim preclusion and for 10 frivolousness; and 11 2. The Clerk of Court is directed to enter judgment consistent with the order and to 12 close the case. 13 14 15 | IT IS SO ORDERED. 16 Dated: _ January 13, 2023 UNITED fTATES DISTRICT JUDGE
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