1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 WILLIAM J. JONES, Case No.: 1:18-cv-01697-SKO (PC)
12 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION TO DISMISS ACTION 13 v. (Doc. 26) 14 SHERMAN, et al., 21-DAY DEADLINE 15 Defendants.
16 Clerk of Court to Assign District Judge
17 18 Plaintiff William J. Jones, a state prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis, filed 19 this civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. section 1983. In his original complaint, (Doc. 1), as 20 well as in his first and second amended complaints, (Docs. 15, 17), Plaintiff failed to state a 21 cognizable claim for relief. On three occasions, courts provided Plaintiff with the pleading 22 requirements and legal standards for his alleged claims and granted him leave to amend.1 (Docs. 23 13, 16, 25.) Despite these opportunities, Plaintiff continues to set forth generalized conclusions 24 instead of specific facts in his third amended complaint. (Doc. 26.) Thus, the Court finds that 25 Plaintiff is unable to cure the deficiencies in his pleading, see Akhtar v. Mesa, 698 F.3d 1202, 26 1212-13 (9th Cir. 2012), and recommends that this action be DISMISSED. 27 1 Plaintiff filed his original complaint in the Central District of California. (See Doc. 1.) After Plaintiff filed his 1 SCREENING REQUIREMENT 2 The Court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a 3 governmental entity or an officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). 4 The Court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if the prisoner has raised claims that are 5 legally frivolous or malicious, fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or seek 6 monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b). The 7 Court should dismiss a complaint if it lacks a cognizable legal theory or fails to allege sufficient 8 facts to support a cognizable legal theory. See Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 9 699 (9th Cir. 1990). 10 PLEADING REQUIREMENTS 11 A. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a) 12 “Rule 8(a)’s simplified pleading standard applies to all civil actions, with limited 13 exceptions.” Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N. A., 534 U.S. 506, 513 (2002). A complaint must contain 14 “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. 15 Civ. Pro. 8(a)(2). “Such a statement must simply give the defendant fair notice of what the 16 plaintiff's claim is and the grounds upon which it rests.” Swierkiewicz, 534 U.S. at 512 (internal 17 quotation marks and citation omitted). 18 Detailed factual allegations are not required, but “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a 19 cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 20 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citing Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). Plaintiff must 21 set forth “sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim that is plausible on its face.’” 22 Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570). Factual allegations are accepted as 23 true, but legal conclusions are not. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555). 24 The Court construes pleadings of pro se prisoners liberally and affords them the benefit of 25 any doubt. Hebbe v. Pliler, 627 F.3d 338, 342 (9th Cir. 2010) (citation omitted). However, “the 26 liberal pleading standard … applies only to a plaintiff’s factual allegations,” not his legal theories. 27 Neitze v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 330 n.9 (1989). Furthermore, “a liberal interpretation of a civil 1 Bruns v. Nat'l Credit Union Admin., 122 F.3d 1251, 1257 (9th Cir. 1997) (internal quotation 2 marks and citation omitted), and courts “are not required to indulge unwarranted inferences.” Doe 3 I v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 572 F.3d 677, 681 (9th Cir. 2009) (internal quotation marks and 4 citation omitted). The “sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully” is not sufficient to 5 state a cognizable claim, and “facts that are merely consistent with a defendant’s liability” fall 6 short. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). 7 B. Linkage and Causation 8 Section 1983 provides a cause of action for the violation of constitutional or other federal 9 rights by persons acting under color of state law. See 42 U.S.C. § 1983. To state a claim under 10 Section 1983, a plaintiff must show a causal connection or link between the actions of the 11 defendants and the deprivation alleged to have been suffered by the plaintiff. See Rizzo v. Goode, 12 423 U.S. 362, 373-75 (1976). The Ninth Circuit has held that “[a] person ‘subjects’ another to the 13 deprivation of a constitutional right, within the meaning of section 1983, if he does an affirmative 14 act, participates in another’s affirmative acts, or omits to perform an act which he is legally 15 required to do that causes the deprivation of which complaint is made.” Johnson v. Duffy, 588 16 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 1978) (citation omitted). 17 To state a claim for relief, Plaintiff must link each named defendant with some affirmative 18 act or omission that caused a violation of Plaintiff’s federal rights. Plaintiff must clearly identify 19 which defendant he believes is responsible for each violation of his rights and set forth the 20 supporting factual basis for these claims. His complaint must place each defendant on notice of 21 Plaintiff’s claims against him or her. See Austin v. Terhune, 367 F.3d 1167, 1171 (9th Cir. 2004). 22 DISCUSSION 23 In Claim I, Plaintiff alleges that Defendants Sherman, Ibarra, Cribbs, and Reveles 24 “[d]eprived Plaintiff of Due Process, in retaliation for Plaintiff[’s] use of the inmate appeal 25 system.” (Doc. 26 at 4-5.) Plaintiff also states that “Defendant Ibarra’s unreasonable capricious 26 and arbitrary interference deprived Plaintiff of [p]roperty.” (Id. at 4.) 27 In Claim II, Plaintiff alleges that Defendants Sherman, Ibarra, Cribbs, Sasin, and Reveles 1 appeal process,” in violation of the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment. (Id. at 5-6.) 2 Plaintiff also states that Defendant Sherman deprived him of a “[p]latinum [n]ecklace/32 diamond 3 encrusted anchor medallion and other religio[us] items.” 4 In Claim III, Plaintiff alleges that Defendants Sherman, Ibarra, Cribbs, Sasin, and Reveles 5 deprived Plaintiff of his “right to access the courts, in retaliation for Plaintiff … using the 6 [i]nmate [a]ppeal [p]rocess.” (Id. at 6.) 7 A. Plaintiff Fails to Allege Sufficient Facts to State a Cognizable Claim 8 The foregoing is the extent of Plaintiff’s allegations.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 WILLIAM J. JONES, Case No.: 1:18-cv-01697-SKO (PC)
12 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION TO DISMISS ACTION 13 v. (Doc. 26) 14 SHERMAN, et al., 21-DAY DEADLINE 15 Defendants.
16 Clerk of Court to Assign District Judge
17 18 Plaintiff William J. Jones, a state prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis, filed 19 this civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. section 1983. In his original complaint, (Doc. 1), as 20 well as in his first and second amended complaints, (Docs. 15, 17), Plaintiff failed to state a 21 cognizable claim for relief. On three occasions, courts provided Plaintiff with the pleading 22 requirements and legal standards for his alleged claims and granted him leave to amend.1 (Docs. 23 13, 16, 25.) Despite these opportunities, Plaintiff continues to set forth generalized conclusions 24 instead of specific facts in his third amended complaint. (Doc. 26.) Thus, the Court finds that 25 Plaintiff is unable to cure the deficiencies in his pleading, see Akhtar v. Mesa, 698 F.3d 1202, 26 1212-13 (9th Cir. 2012), and recommends that this action be DISMISSED. 27 1 Plaintiff filed his original complaint in the Central District of California. (See Doc. 1.) After Plaintiff filed his 1 SCREENING REQUIREMENT 2 The Court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a 3 governmental entity or an officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). 4 The Court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if the prisoner has raised claims that are 5 legally frivolous or malicious, fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or seek 6 monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b). The 7 Court should dismiss a complaint if it lacks a cognizable legal theory or fails to allege sufficient 8 facts to support a cognizable legal theory. See Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 9 699 (9th Cir. 1990). 10 PLEADING REQUIREMENTS 11 A. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a) 12 “Rule 8(a)’s simplified pleading standard applies to all civil actions, with limited 13 exceptions.” Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N. A., 534 U.S. 506, 513 (2002). A complaint must contain 14 “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. 15 Civ. Pro. 8(a)(2). “Such a statement must simply give the defendant fair notice of what the 16 plaintiff's claim is and the grounds upon which it rests.” Swierkiewicz, 534 U.S. at 512 (internal 17 quotation marks and citation omitted). 18 Detailed factual allegations are not required, but “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a 19 cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 20 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citing Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). Plaintiff must 21 set forth “sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim that is plausible on its face.’” 22 Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570). Factual allegations are accepted as 23 true, but legal conclusions are not. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555). 24 The Court construes pleadings of pro se prisoners liberally and affords them the benefit of 25 any doubt. Hebbe v. Pliler, 627 F.3d 338, 342 (9th Cir. 2010) (citation omitted). However, “the 26 liberal pleading standard … applies only to a plaintiff’s factual allegations,” not his legal theories. 27 Neitze v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 330 n.9 (1989). Furthermore, “a liberal interpretation of a civil 1 Bruns v. Nat'l Credit Union Admin., 122 F.3d 1251, 1257 (9th Cir. 1997) (internal quotation 2 marks and citation omitted), and courts “are not required to indulge unwarranted inferences.” Doe 3 I v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 572 F.3d 677, 681 (9th Cir. 2009) (internal quotation marks and 4 citation omitted). The “sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully” is not sufficient to 5 state a cognizable claim, and “facts that are merely consistent with a defendant’s liability” fall 6 short. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). 7 B. Linkage and Causation 8 Section 1983 provides a cause of action for the violation of constitutional or other federal 9 rights by persons acting under color of state law. See 42 U.S.C. § 1983. To state a claim under 10 Section 1983, a plaintiff must show a causal connection or link between the actions of the 11 defendants and the deprivation alleged to have been suffered by the plaintiff. See Rizzo v. Goode, 12 423 U.S. 362, 373-75 (1976). The Ninth Circuit has held that “[a] person ‘subjects’ another to the 13 deprivation of a constitutional right, within the meaning of section 1983, if he does an affirmative 14 act, participates in another’s affirmative acts, or omits to perform an act which he is legally 15 required to do that causes the deprivation of which complaint is made.” Johnson v. Duffy, 588 16 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 1978) (citation omitted). 17 To state a claim for relief, Plaintiff must link each named defendant with some affirmative 18 act or omission that caused a violation of Plaintiff’s federal rights. Plaintiff must clearly identify 19 which defendant he believes is responsible for each violation of his rights and set forth the 20 supporting factual basis for these claims. His complaint must place each defendant on notice of 21 Plaintiff’s claims against him or her. See Austin v. Terhune, 367 F.3d 1167, 1171 (9th Cir. 2004). 22 DISCUSSION 23 In Claim I, Plaintiff alleges that Defendants Sherman, Ibarra, Cribbs, and Reveles 24 “[d]eprived Plaintiff of Due Process, in retaliation for Plaintiff[’s] use of the inmate appeal 25 system.” (Doc. 26 at 4-5.) Plaintiff also states that “Defendant Ibarra’s unreasonable capricious 26 and arbitrary interference deprived Plaintiff of [p]roperty.” (Id. at 4.) 27 In Claim II, Plaintiff alleges that Defendants Sherman, Ibarra, Cribbs, Sasin, and Reveles 1 appeal process,” in violation of the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment. (Id. at 5-6.) 2 Plaintiff also states that Defendant Sherman deprived him of a “[p]latinum [n]ecklace/32 diamond 3 encrusted anchor medallion and other religio[us] items.” 4 In Claim III, Plaintiff alleges that Defendants Sherman, Ibarra, Cribbs, Sasin, and Reveles 5 deprived Plaintiff of his “right to access the courts, in retaliation for Plaintiff … using the 6 [i]nmate [a]ppeal [p]rocess.” (Id. at 6.) 7 A. Plaintiff Fails to Allege Sufficient Facts to State a Cognizable Claim 8 The foregoing is the extent of Plaintiff’s allegations. Plaintiff provides no facts to support 9 his conclusions that Defendants violated his rights under the First, Fifth, and/or Fourteenth 10 amendments. With the exception of his reference to a “platinum necklace,” Plaintiff provides no 11 factual matter, let alone sufficient matter, to state claims that are plausible on their face. See 12 Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. 13 As noted above, “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by 14 mere conclusory statements, do not suffice” to state a cognizable claim. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 15 (citation omitted). Although the Court construes Plaintiff’s pleading liberally, such liberal 16 construction does not apply to legal theories. Neitze v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 330 n.9 (1989); 17 see also Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (courts “are not bound to accept as true a legal conclusion couched 18 as a factual allegation”) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). 19 In prior screening orders, courts provided Plaintiff with the applicable pleading 20 requirements as well as the legal standards for Plaintiff’s claims of denial of religious freedom, 21 deprivation of property without due process, and denial of access to the courts. (See Docs. 13, 16, 22 25.) Plaintiff’s allegations do not meet the given standards. Plaintiff does not show (1) how 23 Defendants substantially burdened his practice of religion, see Jones v. Williams, 791 F.3d 1023, 24 1031-32 (9th Cir. 2015), (2) that California does not provide an adequate remedy for the 25 deprivation of Plaintiff’s property,2 see Barnett v. Centoni, 31 F.3d 813, 816-17 (9th Cir. 1994), 26 or (3) how Defendants’ actions frustrated his efforts to pursue a legal claim, see Lewis v. Casey, 27 2 “[A] negligent or intentional deprivation of a prisoner's property fails to state a claim under section 1983 if the state 1 518 U.S. 343, 346, 350 (1996). Plaintiff also does not allege facts to support his assertion that 2 Defendants subjected him to adverse action because of his engagement in protected activity. See 3 Rhodes v. Robinson, 408 F.3d 559, 568 (9th Cir. 2005). Plaintiff only asserts, in conclusory 4 fashion, the alleged causes of action themselves. Plaintiff thus fails to state a cognizable claim. 5 See Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 7 Although Plaintiff has received three opportunities to amend his pleading, Plaintiff 8 continues to provide only generalized conclusions and no factual allegations to support his claims 9 in his third amended complaint. Given that Plaintiff’s current complaint suffers from that same 10 deficiencies as in his prior two complaints, further amendment appears futile. Accordingly, the 11 Court RECOMMENDS that this action be dismissed with prejudice. The Clerk of the Court is 12 directed to randomly assign a District Judge to this action. 13 These Findings and Recommendations will be submitted to the United States District 14 Judge assigned to this case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within 21 days 15 of the date of service of these Findings and Recommendations, Plaintiff may file written 16 objections with the Court. The document should be captioned, “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s 17 Findings and Recommendations.” Plaintiff’s failure to file objections within the specified time 18 may result in waiver of his rights on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 839 (9th Cir. 19 2014) (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). 20 IT IS SO ORDERED. 21
Sheila K. Oberto 22 Dated: November 14, 2019 /s/ . UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 23
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