1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 CORNEL JACKSON, No. 1:19-cv-01591-NONE-EPG (PC) 12 Plaintiff, ORDER VACATING FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDING 13 v. DENYING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION AND 14 JASON QUICK, et al., TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER AS MOOT 15 Defendants. (ECF No. 53) 16 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS, 17 RECOMMENDING DENYING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY 18 INJUNCTION AND TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER 19 (ECF No. 33) 20 TWENTY-ONE DAY DEADLINE 21
22 Plaintiff Cornel Jackson (“Plaintiff”) is a pretrial detainee proceeding pro se and in forma 23 pauperis in this civil rights action filed pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Plaintiff’s action alleges, 24 among other things, that Defendants, who are staff at his institution of confinement, deny him his 25 First Amendment rights of access to the courts. 26 I. BACKGROUND 27 Pending before the Court is Plaintiff’s motion for a preliminary injunction and a 28 1 temporary restraining order, filed on November 2, 2020. (ECF No. 33). The motion concerns 2 alleged restrictions on Plaintiff’s ability to access the courts, particularly, Plaintiff’s denial of 3 copies of legal documents at his institution of confinement based on his inability to pay for them. 4 (Id. at 1). Defendants responded in opposition on January 29, 2021. (ECF No. 52). 5 On February 22, 2021, this Court issued findings and recommendations, recommending 6 denial of Plaintiff’s motion as moot based on information provided by Defendants showing that 7 Plaintiff had approximately $1700 in his account and thus could afford to pay for copies. (ECF 8 No. 53, p. 3). Plaintiff filed objections, stating that “he is again indigent and . . . thus cannot 9 obtain the legal services he says he needs.” (ECF No. 54). In response, the Court directed 10 Defendants to file a statement concerning whether adequate funds remain in Plaintiff’s account 11 and, if so, documentation supporting their statement. (ECF No. 55). 12 Defendants responded on March 22, 2021, and included the declaration of Sergeant 13 Benjamin Mendoza of the Madera County Department of Corrections (DOC) in support of the 14 following allegations. (ECF No. 59; ECF No. 61). While Plaintiff’s inmate account previously 15 had approximately $1700, Plaintiff transferred most of those funds shortly after the Defendants 16 responded in opposition to his motion. (ECF No. 59, pp. 2-3). Notably, Sergeant Mendoza’s 17 declaration alleges that Plaintiff stated the following in a recorded call with his brother: “Plaintiff 18 said that he received paperwork from the Court, where it showed that he had money on his 19 account, and we (jail staff) were going to start taking the money.” (ECF No. 61, p. 2). Plaintiff 20 then “used all the remaining money he had in his inmate account to buy items from the 21 Commissary” in a span of less than three weeks. (Id. at 3). Moreover, “since February 1, 2021 22 (before Plaintiff emptied his inmate account), Plaintiff has not made a request for copying” and, 23 in the past, “the DOC has let Plaintiff run a negative balance in his inmate account so that copy 24 requests could be processed.” (Id. at 5). 25 On April 2, 2021, Plaintiff filed a response. (ECF No. 66). Notably, Plaintiff concedes to 26 transferring the bulk of his inmate funds. However, he disputes that his motivation was to avoid 27 having the money taken to cover expenses for photocopies and other similar expenses, stating that 28 the money was taken to try to hire a lawyer. (Id. at 4-5). Plaintiff indicates that, since Defendants 1 response, he has requested a photocopy related to Sergeant Mendoza’s declaration. However, he 2 does not indicate that he has been denied any photocopies. Rather, Plaintiff’s motion confirms 3 that the DOC has let him run a negative account balance in the past, although he complains that 4 the costs should have been paid from a separate fund. (ECF No. 33, p. 3 (“Plaintiff also convey 5 how his negative balance came from photocopies of legal documents while acting in pro-per and 6 indigent in his criminal case, which the negative balance continued to add up over a 2 year period, 7 instead of being deducted from the inmate welfare funds, that is specifical[l]y created for 8 obtaining equipment and materials for indigent prisoners for such services.”)). 9 Because there has been significant briefing since the Court’s issuance of its initial findings 10 and recommendations (ECF No. 53) on Plaintiff’s motion (ECF No. 33), the Court will vacate 11 them in favor of the instant findings and recommendations. 12 For the following reasons, the Court recommends denying Plaintiff’s motion. The parties 13 have twenty-one days to file objections to these findings and recommendations. 14 II. ANALYSIS OF PLAINTIFF’S MOTION 15 The granting of a preliminary injunction is drastic remedy that is not awarded as a matter 16 of right. Munaf v. Geren, 553 U.S. 674, 689 (2008). In order to prevail on a motion for injunctive 17 relief, the moving party must demonstrate that (1) it is likely to succeed on the merits; (2) it is 18 likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary relief; (3) the balance of equities 19 tips in its favor; and (4) that the relief sought is in the public interest. Winter v. Natural Res. Def. 20 Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 20 (2008). The same standard applies to temporary restraining orders. 21 See Stuhlbarg Int'l Sales Co. v. John D. Brush & Co., 240 F.3d 832, 839 n.7 (9th Cir.2001) 22 (stating that the analysis for temporary restraining orders and preliminary injunctions is 23 “substantially identical”). 24 Here, Plaintiff has not met his burden to show entitlement to a preliminary injunction or a 25 temporary restraining order. First, while Plaintiff’s motion summarily indicates that he believes 26 that his case is meritorious and he is being denied constitutional rights, he fails to make any 27 developed argument that he is likely to succeed on the merits. (See ECF No. 33). And even 28 though Plaintiff’s later filings, notably his objections, attempt to elaborate on the merits of his 1 case, he falls short of his burden in these filings too. Although Plaintiff states that “valu[]able 2 exhibits [e.g., witness statements] requested by the courts to support a claim were again not 3 available due to the denial of services,” this statement does not provide any detail as to how that 4 alleged denial impaired his ability to litigate his case. (ECF No. 54, p. 5). Plaintiff “cannot submit 5 conclusory [allegations] of injury by claiming his access to the courts has been impeded” and 6 expect to obtain the drastic remedy that is a preliminary injunction. Shehee v. Redding, No. 1:14- 7 cv-00706-DAD-SAB, 2017 WL 1573137, at *1 (E.D. Cal. Jan. 24, 2017), report and 8 recommendation adopted, 2017 WL 1540195 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 28, 2017). Instead of offering a 9 conclusionary claim of denial of access to the courts, he “must go one step further and 10 demonstrate that the alleged shortcomings in [his institution of confinement] hindered his efforts 11 to pursue a legal claim.” Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343, 351 (1996). Such examples of hindrance 12 include as follows: [A prisoner] might show, for example, that a complaint he prepared was dismissed for 13 failure to satisfy some technical requirement which, because of deficiencies in the prison's 14 legal assistance facilities, he could not have known.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 CORNEL JACKSON, No. 1:19-cv-01591-NONE-EPG (PC) 12 Plaintiff, ORDER VACATING FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDING 13 v. DENYING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION AND 14 JASON QUICK, et al., TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER AS MOOT 15 Defendants. (ECF No. 53) 16 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS, 17 RECOMMENDING DENYING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY 18 INJUNCTION AND TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER 19 (ECF No. 33) 20 TWENTY-ONE DAY DEADLINE 21
22 Plaintiff Cornel Jackson (“Plaintiff”) is a pretrial detainee proceeding pro se and in forma 23 pauperis in this civil rights action filed pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Plaintiff’s action alleges, 24 among other things, that Defendants, who are staff at his institution of confinement, deny him his 25 First Amendment rights of access to the courts. 26 I. BACKGROUND 27 Pending before the Court is Plaintiff’s motion for a preliminary injunction and a 28 1 temporary restraining order, filed on November 2, 2020. (ECF No. 33). The motion concerns 2 alleged restrictions on Plaintiff’s ability to access the courts, particularly, Plaintiff’s denial of 3 copies of legal documents at his institution of confinement based on his inability to pay for them. 4 (Id. at 1). Defendants responded in opposition on January 29, 2021. (ECF No. 52). 5 On February 22, 2021, this Court issued findings and recommendations, recommending 6 denial of Plaintiff’s motion as moot based on information provided by Defendants showing that 7 Plaintiff had approximately $1700 in his account and thus could afford to pay for copies. (ECF 8 No. 53, p. 3). Plaintiff filed objections, stating that “he is again indigent and . . . thus cannot 9 obtain the legal services he says he needs.” (ECF No. 54). In response, the Court directed 10 Defendants to file a statement concerning whether adequate funds remain in Plaintiff’s account 11 and, if so, documentation supporting their statement. (ECF No. 55). 12 Defendants responded on March 22, 2021, and included the declaration of Sergeant 13 Benjamin Mendoza of the Madera County Department of Corrections (DOC) in support of the 14 following allegations. (ECF No. 59; ECF No. 61). While Plaintiff’s inmate account previously 15 had approximately $1700, Plaintiff transferred most of those funds shortly after the Defendants 16 responded in opposition to his motion. (ECF No. 59, pp. 2-3). Notably, Sergeant Mendoza’s 17 declaration alleges that Plaintiff stated the following in a recorded call with his brother: “Plaintiff 18 said that he received paperwork from the Court, where it showed that he had money on his 19 account, and we (jail staff) were going to start taking the money.” (ECF No. 61, p. 2). Plaintiff 20 then “used all the remaining money he had in his inmate account to buy items from the 21 Commissary” in a span of less than three weeks. (Id. at 3). Moreover, “since February 1, 2021 22 (before Plaintiff emptied his inmate account), Plaintiff has not made a request for copying” and, 23 in the past, “the DOC has let Plaintiff run a negative balance in his inmate account so that copy 24 requests could be processed.” (Id. at 5). 25 On April 2, 2021, Plaintiff filed a response. (ECF No. 66). Notably, Plaintiff concedes to 26 transferring the bulk of his inmate funds. However, he disputes that his motivation was to avoid 27 having the money taken to cover expenses for photocopies and other similar expenses, stating that 28 the money was taken to try to hire a lawyer. (Id. at 4-5). Plaintiff indicates that, since Defendants 1 response, he has requested a photocopy related to Sergeant Mendoza’s declaration. However, he 2 does not indicate that he has been denied any photocopies. Rather, Plaintiff’s motion confirms 3 that the DOC has let him run a negative account balance in the past, although he complains that 4 the costs should have been paid from a separate fund. (ECF No. 33, p. 3 (“Plaintiff also convey 5 how his negative balance came from photocopies of legal documents while acting in pro-per and 6 indigent in his criminal case, which the negative balance continued to add up over a 2 year period, 7 instead of being deducted from the inmate welfare funds, that is specifical[l]y created for 8 obtaining equipment and materials for indigent prisoners for such services.”)). 9 Because there has been significant briefing since the Court’s issuance of its initial findings 10 and recommendations (ECF No. 53) on Plaintiff’s motion (ECF No. 33), the Court will vacate 11 them in favor of the instant findings and recommendations. 12 For the following reasons, the Court recommends denying Plaintiff’s motion. The parties 13 have twenty-one days to file objections to these findings and recommendations. 14 II. ANALYSIS OF PLAINTIFF’S MOTION 15 The granting of a preliminary injunction is drastic remedy that is not awarded as a matter 16 of right. Munaf v. Geren, 553 U.S. 674, 689 (2008). In order to prevail on a motion for injunctive 17 relief, the moving party must demonstrate that (1) it is likely to succeed on the merits; (2) it is 18 likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary relief; (3) the balance of equities 19 tips in its favor; and (4) that the relief sought is in the public interest. Winter v. Natural Res. Def. 20 Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 20 (2008). The same standard applies to temporary restraining orders. 21 See Stuhlbarg Int'l Sales Co. v. John D. Brush & Co., 240 F.3d 832, 839 n.7 (9th Cir.2001) 22 (stating that the analysis for temporary restraining orders and preliminary injunctions is 23 “substantially identical”). 24 Here, Plaintiff has not met his burden to show entitlement to a preliminary injunction or a 25 temporary restraining order. First, while Plaintiff’s motion summarily indicates that he believes 26 that his case is meritorious and he is being denied constitutional rights, he fails to make any 27 developed argument that he is likely to succeed on the merits. (See ECF No. 33). And even 28 though Plaintiff’s later filings, notably his objections, attempt to elaborate on the merits of his 1 case, he falls short of his burden in these filings too. Although Plaintiff states that “valu[]able 2 exhibits [e.g., witness statements] requested by the courts to support a claim were again not 3 available due to the denial of services,” this statement does not provide any detail as to how that 4 alleged denial impaired his ability to litigate his case. (ECF No. 54, p. 5). Plaintiff “cannot submit 5 conclusory [allegations] of injury by claiming his access to the courts has been impeded” and 6 expect to obtain the drastic remedy that is a preliminary injunction. Shehee v. Redding, No. 1:14- 7 cv-00706-DAD-SAB, 2017 WL 1573137, at *1 (E.D. Cal. Jan. 24, 2017), report and 8 recommendation adopted, 2017 WL 1540195 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 28, 2017). Instead of offering a 9 conclusionary claim of denial of access to the courts, he “must go one step further and 10 demonstrate that the alleged shortcomings in [his institution of confinement] hindered his efforts 11 to pursue a legal claim.” Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343, 351 (1996). Such examples of hindrance 12 include as follows: [A prisoner] might show, for example, that a complaint he prepared was dismissed for 13 failure to satisfy some technical requirement which, because of deficiencies in the prison's 14 legal assistance facilities, he could not have known. Or that he had suffered arguably actionable harm that he wished to bring before the courts, but was so stymied by 15 inadequacies of the law library that he was unable even to file a complaint. 16 Id. But here, Plaintiff does not sufficiently allege injury showing that he has been hindered from 17 pursing his legal claims. 18 Moreover, Plaintiff has been an active participant in this matter as is demonstrated by his 19 filing various briefs in support of this motion. (See ECF Nos. 33, 54, 66). Additionally, as 20 Defendants point out, and as Plaintiff does not dispute, “Plaintiff has been able to file at least two 21 petitions for writ of habeas corpus in the Superior Court.” (ECF No. 52, pp. 3-4). 22 Next, Plaintiff fails to show that he is likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of 23 preliminary relief. The key issues are whether Plaintiff lacks the ability to pay for legal services, 24 particularly copying, and if he does, whether he is being denied such services based on his alleged 25 inability to pay. (ECF No. 33, p. 1) (seeking an order to show cause why Defendants and others 26 should not be enjoined from “charging and denying the Plaintiff for legal assistance and services, 27 such as photocopies of legal documents to be presented as exhibits and declarations in this civil 28 litigation, as well as for exhibits to be presented in his habeas corpus petitions”). 1 Here, on October 19, 2020, which was shortly before Plaintiff filed a motion seeking the 2 Court’s assistance in serving Defendants in this action, he had 38 cents in his account. (Id. at 14). 3 However, the balance later increased. On January 25, 2021, Plaintiff had approximately 4 $1,700.00 in his account. (Id. at 16). According to Sergeant Mendoza’s declaration (which is 5 undisputed by Plaintiff), after Defendants filed their opposition to Plaintiff’s motion on January 6 29, 2021, (ECF No. 52), which showed that Plaintiff had nearly $1700 in his account (ECF No. 7 52-2, p. 16), Plaintiff transferred the majority of his funds to a third party on February 4, 2021. 8 (ECF No. 61, p. 4). Thereafter, Plaintiff spent the remainder of his funds, about $112, on 9 commissary. (Id.). Although Plaintiff disputes the reason for this transfer, it is undisputed that 10 Plaintiff had adequate funds to purchase copies shortly after filing this motion, yet chose to spend 11 and transfer his money rather than pay for copies. Pina v. Tilton, No. C 07-4989 SI (PR), 2009 12 WL 1631626, at *2 (N.D. Cal. June 8, 2009) (“With regard to the photocopying and postage 13 expenses, plaintiff’s apparent problem is that he wants to spend his money on other things from 14 the canteen. The way in which he allocates his very limited funds is up to him (not the court) to 15 decide.”). 16 Additionally, the evidence submitted shows that DOC has permitted him to run a negative 17 account balance in the past to make such copies. (ECF No. 59, p. 5). Accordingly, the Court 18 cannot conclude that Plaintiff will suffer irreparable harm absent injunctive relief. 19 Because Plaintiff has shown no likelihood of success on the merits or of irreparable injury, 20 “the Court declines to analyze whether the balance of equities weighs in [his] favor or whether 21 the injunction is in the public interest,” and will recommend denying Plaintiff’s motion. 22 III. ORDER AND FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 23 Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED THAT the findings and recommendations (ECF No. 53), 24 recommending denial of plaintiff’s motion for preliminary injunction and temporary restraining 25 order as moot, are VACATED. 26 For the foregoing reasons, it is HEREBY RECOMMENDED that Plaintiff’s motion for a 27 temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction (ECF No. 33) be DENIED. 28 These findings and recommendations will be submitted to the United States district judge 1 | assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Within twenty-one (21) 2 | days after being served with these findings and recommendations, the parties may file written 3 | objections with the Court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s 4 | Findings and Recommendations.” The parties are advised that failure to file objections within the 5 | specified time may result in the waiver of rights on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 6 | 838-39 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). 7 g IT IS SO ORDERED. 9] Dated: _ June 4, 2021 [see heey □ 10 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
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