1 2 3 4 5 6 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 8 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 9 10 11 DEMORIA JACKSON, Case No. 1:17-cv-00027-DAD-JDP 12 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 13 Plaintiff, THAT DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT BE GRANTED 14 v. ECF No. 40 15 RALPH M. DIAZ, et al., OBJECTIONS, IF ANY, DUE WITHIN 16 Defendants. FOURTEEN (14) DAYS 17 18 19 Plaintiff Demoria Jackson is a state prisoner proceeding without counsel in this civil 20 rights action brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. This action proceeds on plaintiff’s first 21 amended complaint against defendant Lunes for a violation of the Due Process Clause of the 22 Fourteenth Amendment. 23 On November 20, 2018, defendant Lunes moved for summary judgment under Federal 24 Rule of Civil Procedure 56, arguing that defendant did not violate plaintiff’s due process rights 25 and is entitled to qualified immunity.1 ECF No. 40. Plaintiff filed an opposition on March 18, 26 27 1 As explained below, I find in favor of defendant on the merits of the due process argument, 28 1 2019, ECF No. 45, and defendant filed a reply on March 22, ECF No. 46. The motion was 2 submitted on the record without oral argument under Local Rule 230(l).2 3 I. STATEMENT OF UNDISPUTED FACTS 4 Plaintiff is a state prisoner whose claim stems from events that took place at the 5 California Substance Abuse Treatment Facility (“SATF”) in Corcoran, California. See ECF 6 No. 10 at 6. Defendant Lunes is a correctional lieutenant at SATF. See id. at 7. 7 On December 5, 2012, two correctional officers entered plaintiff’s cell. Plaintiff was 8 restrained, and the officers recovered bindles of marijuana, methamphetamine, and tobacco 9 from plaintiff’s cell. 10 On December 18, 2012, plaintiff was issued a rules violation report (“RVR”) for 11 battery on a peace officer. Defendant Lunes found plaintiff guilty of the lesser charge of 12 resisting at plaintiff’s hearing. Ultimately, the battery RVR was dismissed. 13 On April 7, 2013, plaintiff filed a grievance claiming that he was assaulted in his cell 14 by the officer who entered and restrained him on December 5, 2012. 15 On October 9, 2013—after the methamphetamine from plaintiff’s cell tested positive 16 and SATF received the test results—plaintiff was issued a second RVR for possession of a 17 controlled substance for sales and distribution. See ECF No. 40-4 at 8-9. Plaintiff signed a 18 form attached to the RVR, indicating that he did not request any witnesses for the RVR 19 hearing. See id. at 10. On October 29, 2013, there was a disciplinary hearing for the 20 controlled substance RVR. The record of the hearing indicates that plaintiff was offered 21 another opportunity to request witnesses at the hearing, and he declined to present any 22 witnesses. See id. at 12. Plaintiff did not testify or produce any evidence on his behalf at the 23 hearing. The evidence against him presented at the hearing included the RVR by Officer 24 Davis that stated that he discovered bindles of suspected drugs in plaintiff’s cell; the report of 25 2 As required by Rand v. Rowland, 154 F.3d 952, 962-63 (9th Cir. 1998), plaintiff was provided 26 with notice of the requirements for opposing a summary judgment motion for failure to exhaust administrative remedies via an attachment to the defendants’ motion for summary judgment. 27 ECF No. 40-1.
28 1 submission of the drugs to forensic services for testing; and the toxicology laboratory results 2 indicting a positive test result for methamphetamine. Defendant Lunes found plaintiff guilty 3 of the second RVR at the hearing. 4 II. DISCUSSION 5 A. Summary Judgment Standard 6 The “purpose of summary judgment is to pierce the pleadings and to assess the proof in 7 order to see whether there is a genuine need for trial.” Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. Ltd. v. 8 Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587 (1986) (citation omitted). Summary judgment is 9 appropriate when there is “no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled 10 to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). 11 Summary judgment should be entered “after adequate time for discovery and upon 12 motion, against a party who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an 13 element essential to that party’s case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at 14 trial.” Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986). The moving party bears the “initial 15 responsibility” of demonstrating the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. Celotex, 477 16 U.S. at 323. An issue of material fact is genuine only if there is sufficient evidence for a 17 reasonable fact finder to find for the non-moving party, while a fact is material if it “might 18 affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law.” Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 19 U.S. 242, 248 (1986); Wool v. Tandem Computers, Inc., 818 F.2d 1422, 1436 (9th Cir. 1987). 20 If the moving party meets its initial burden, the burden then shifts to the opposing party 21 to present specific facts that show there is a genuine issue of a material fact. See Fed R. Civ. 22 P. 56(e); Matsushita, 475 U.S. at 586. An opposing party “must do more than simply show 23 that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts.” Id. at 587. The party is 24 required to tender evidence of specific facts in the form of affidavits, and/or admissible 25 discovery material, in support of its contention that a factual dispute exits. Id. at 586 n.11; 26 Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). Further, the opposing party is not required to establish a material issue 27 of fact conclusively in its favor; it is sufficient that “the claimed factual dispute be shown to 28 require a jury or judge to resolve the parties’ differing versions of the truth at trial.” T.W. 1 Electrical Serv., Inc. v. Pacific Elec. Contractors Assoc., 809 F.2d 626, 630 (9th Cir. 1987). 2 However, “failure of proof concerning an essential element of the nonmoving party’s case 3 necessarily renders all other facts immaterial.” Celotex, 477 U.S. at 323. 4 The court must apply standards consistent with Rule 56 to determine whether the 5 moving party demonstrated that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that judgment is 6 appropriate as a matter of law. See Henry v. Gill Indus., Inc., 983 F.2d 943, 950 (9th Cir. 7 1993). “[A] court ruling on a motion for summary judgment may not engage in credibility 8 determinations or the weighing of evidence.” Manley v. Rowley, 847 F.3d 705, 711 (9th Cir. 9 2017) (citation omitted). The evidence must be viewed “in the light most favorable to the 10 nonmoving party” and “all justifiable inferences” must be drawn in favor of the nonmoving 11 party. Orr v. Bank of America, NT & SA, 285 F.3d 764, 772 (9th Cir. 2002); Addisu v. Fred 12 Meyer, Inc., 198 F.3d 1130, 1134 (9th Cir. 2000). 13 B.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 8 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 9 10 11 DEMORIA JACKSON, Case No. 1:17-cv-00027-DAD-JDP 12 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 13 Plaintiff, THAT DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT BE GRANTED 14 v. ECF No. 40 15 RALPH M. DIAZ, et al., OBJECTIONS, IF ANY, DUE WITHIN 16 Defendants. FOURTEEN (14) DAYS 17 18 19 Plaintiff Demoria Jackson is a state prisoner proceeding without counsel in this civil 20 rights action brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. This action proceeds on plaintiff’s first 21 amended complaint against defendant Lunes for a violation of the Due Process Clause of the 22 Fourteenth Amendment. 23 On November 20, 2018, defendant Lunes moved for summary judgment under Federal 24 Rule of Civil Procedure 56, arguing that defendant did not violate plaintiff’s due process rights 25 and is entitled to qualified immunity.1 ECF No. 40. Plaintiff filed an opposition on March 18, 26 27 1 As explained below, I find in favor of defendant on the merits of the due process argument, 28 1 2019, ECF No. 45, and defendant filed a reply on March 22, ECF No. 46. The motion was 2 submitted on the record without oral argument under Local Rule 230(l).2 3 I. STATEMENT OF UNDISPUTED FACTS 4 Plaintiff is a state prisoner whose claim stems from events that took place at the 5 California Substance Abuse Treatment Facility (“SATF”) in Corcoran, California. See ECF 6 No. 10 at 6. Defendant Lunes is a correctional lieutenant at SATF. See id. at 7. 7 On December 5, 2012, two correctional officers entered plaintiff’s cell. Plaintiff was 8 restrained, and the officers recovered bindles of marijuana, methamphetamine, and tobacco 9 from plaintiff’s cell. 10 On December 18, 2012, plaintiff was issued a rules violation report (“RVR”) for 11 battery on a peace officer. Defendant Lunes found plaintiff guilty of the lesser charge of 12 resisting at plaintiff’s hearing. Ultimately, the battery RVR was dismissed. 13 On April 7, 2013, plaintiff filed a grievance claiming that he was assaulted in his cell 14 by the officer who entered and restrained him on December 5, 2012. 15 On October 9, 2013—after the methamphetamine from plaintiff’s cell tested positive 16 and SATF received the test results—plaintiff was issued a second RVR for possession of a 17 controlled substance for sales and distribution. See ECF No. 40-4 at 8-9. Plaintiff signed a 18 form attached to the RVR, indicating that he did not request any witnesses for the RVR 19 hearing. See id. at 10. On October 29, 2013, there was a disciplinary hearing for the 20 controlled substance RVR. The record of the hearing indicates that plaintiff was offered 21 another opportunity to request witnesses at the hearing, and he declined to present any 22 witnesses. See id. at 12. Plaintiff did not testify or produce any evidence on his behalf at the 23 hearing. The evidence against him presented at the hearing included the RVR by Officer 24 Davis that stated that he discovered bindles of suspected drugs in plaintiff’s cell; the report of 25 2 As required by Rand v. Rowland, 154 F.3d 952, 962-63 (9th Cir. 1998), plaintiff was provided 26 with notice of the requirements for opposing a summary judgment motion for failure to exhaust administrative remedies via an attachment to the defendants’ motion for summary judgment. 27 ECF No. 40-1.
28 1 submission of the drugs to forensic services for testing; and the toxicology laboratory results 2 indicting a positive test result for methamphetamine. Defendant Lunes found plaintiff guilty 3 of the second RVR at the hearing. 4 II. DISCUSSION 5 A. Summary Judgment Standard 6 The “purpose of summary judgment is to pierce the pleadings and to assess the proof in 7 order to see whether there is a genuine need for trial.” Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. Ltd. v. 8 Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587 (1986) (citation omitted). Summary judgment is 9 appropriate when there is “no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled 10 to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). 11 Summary judgment should be entered “after adequate time for discovery and upon 12 motion, against a party who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an 13 element essential to that party’s case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at 14 trial.” Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986). The moving party bears the “initial 15 responsibility” of demonstrating the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. Celotex, 477 16 U.S. at 323. An issue of material fact is genuine only if there is sufficient evidence for a 17 reasonable fact finder to find for the non-moving party, while a fact is material if it “might 18 affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law.” Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 19 U.S. 242, 248 (1986); Wool v. Tandem Computers, Inc., 818 F.2d 1422, 1436 (9th Cir. 1987). 20 If the moving party meets its initial burden, the burden then shifts to the opposing party 21 to present specific facts that show there is a genuine issue of a material fact. See Fed R. Civ. 22 P. 56(e); Matsushita, 475 U.S. at 586. An opposing party “must do more than simply show 23 that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts.” Id. at 587. The party is 24 required to tender evidence of specific facts in the form of affidavits, and/or admissible 25 discovery material, in support of its contention that a factual dispute exits. Id. at 586 n.11; 26 Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). Further, the opposing party is not required to establish a material issue 27 of fact conclusively in its favor; it is sufficient that “the claimed factual dispute be shown to 28 require a jury or judge to resolve the parties’ differing versions of the truth at trial.” T.W. 1 Electrical Serv., Inc. v. Pacific Elec. Contractors Assoc., 809 F.2d 626, 630 (9th Cir. 1987). 2 However, “failure of proof concerning an essential element of the nonmoving party’s case 3 necessarily renders all other facts immaterial.” Celotex, 477 U.S. at 323. 4 The court must apply standards consistent with Rule 56 to determine whether the 5 moving party demonstrated that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that judgment is 6 appropriate as a matter of law. See Henry v. Gill Indus., Inc., 983 F.2d 943, 950 (9th Cir. 7 1993). “[A] court ruling on a motion for summary judgment may not engage in credibility 8 determinations or the weighing of evidence.” Manley v. Rowley, 847 F.3d 705, 711 (9th Cir. 9 2017) (citation omitted). The evidence must be viewed “in the light most favorable to the 10 nonmoving party” and “all justifiable inferences” must be drawn in favor of the nonmoving 11 party. Orr v. Bank of America, NT & SA, 285 F.3d 764, 772 (9th Cir. 2002); Addisu v. Fred 12 Meyer, Inc., 198 F.3d 1130, 1134 (9th Cir. 2000). 13 B. Due Process Claim Against Lunes 14 Defendant argues that the hearing conducted by defendant Lunes met the due process 15 requirements in Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539 (1974). The Due Process Clause of the 16 Fourteenth Amendment protects individuals from being deprived of life, liberty, or property 17 without due process of law. U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 1. Prisoners may not be deprived of 18 liberty without due process of law. See Wolff, 418 U.S. at 556. To state a claim for 19 deprivation of procedural due process, a plaintiff must first establish the existence of a liberty 20 interest for which the protection is sought. See Hewitt v. Helms, 459 U.S. 460, 466 (1983). 21 If there is a liberty interest at stake, then the proceedings must meet the requirements in 22 Wolff: (1) written notice of the charges; (2) at least 24 hours between the time the prisoner 23 receives written notice and the time of the hearing, so that the prisoner may prepare his 24 defense; (3) a written statement by the fact finders of the evidence they rely on and reasons for 25 taking disciplinary action; (4) the right of the prisoner to call witnesses in his defense, when 26 permitting him to do so would not be unduly hazardous to institutional safety or correctional 27 goals; and (5) legal assistance to the prisoner when the prisoner is illiterate or the issues 28 presented are legally complex. See Wolff, 418 U.S. at 563-71. In addition, some evidence— 1 with some indicia of reliability—must support the decision of the hearing officer. See 2 Superintendent v. Hill, 472 U.S. 445, 455-56 (1985). 3 Defendant has met his initial burden of demonstrating the absence of a genuine issue of 4 material fact; he has put forth evidence that all Due Process Clause requirements3 were met in 5 this case. See Celotex, 477 U.S. at 323. Specifically, the record shows that plaintiff was given 6 adequate notice, a written statement, and the opportunity to call witnesses. There was also 7 some evidence, in the form of the written statement from the officer who recovered the drugs 8 and the test results, to support the decision of defendant Lunes. 9 As defendant has met his initial burden, the burden shifts to plaintiff, as the nonmoving 10 party, to present specific facts that show there is a genuine issue of a material fact. See Fed R. 11 Civ. P. 56(e); Matsushita, 475 U.S. at 586. Plaintiff has failed to meet his burden. Instead, he 12 asserts, without presenting any evidence or explanation, that he was not “provided adequate 13 notice” or “the opportunity to call witnesses.” See ECF No. 45 at 3. As the documentation 14 reflects, the notice of the RVR was issued to plaintiff in writing, and he signed it on October 9, 15 2013. See ECF No. 40-4 at 8-10. The hearing was held more than 24 hours afterward, on 16 October 29, 2014. See id. at 12. Notice was adequate. See Wolff, 418 U.S. at 563. 17 Plaintiff was also, contrary to his assertion, provided the opportunity to call witnesses, 18 both in advance of the hearing and at the hearing itself. See ECF No. 40-4 at 10, 12. The Due 19 Process Clause does not require witnesses at the hearing, but only that plaintiff be provided the 20 opportunity to call witnesses, when safety and correctional considerations permit. See Wolff, 21 418 U.S. at 566. Plaintiff’s signature appears plainly on the form declining to call witnesses. 22 Plaintiff does not offer any evidence indicating that his hearing violated the Due Process 23 Clause. His nonspecific, conclusory, and unsupported statement does not raise a “genuine” 24 issue of fact. See Matsushita, 475 U.S. at 586 n.11. Thus, plaintiff has failed to meet his 25 burden in response to defendant and to raise a genuine issue of material fact for trial. 26 27 3 It is undisputed that there was a liberty interest at stake. See ECF No. 40-3 at 6 (conceding 28 1 I. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 2 I recommend that the court: 3 1. grant defendant’s motion for summary judgment; and 4 2. dismiss this case with prejudice. 5 The undersigned submits the findings and recommendations to the district judge under 6 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) and Rule 304 of the Local Rules of Practice for the United States 7 District Court, Eastern District of California. Within 14 days of the service of the findings and 8 recommendations, the parties may file written objections to the findings and recommendations 9 with the court and serve a copy on all parties. That document should be captioned “Objections 10 to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” The district judge will review the 11 findings and recommendations under 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(C). 12 B T IS SO ORDERED. srssnnp —_ ated: _ August 26, 2019 15 UNIT#D STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 16 17 18! No. 204 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28