1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 LAWRENCE GRANT, No. 2:21-CV-1759-TLN-DMC-P 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER 14 RIO CONSUMNES CORRECTIONAL CENTER, et al., 15 Defendants. 16
17 18 Plaintiff, a prisoner proceeding pro se, brings this civil rights action pursuant to 19 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Pending before the Court is Plaintiff’s original complaint, ECF No. 1. 20 The Court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief 21 against a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. See 28 U.S.C. 22 § 1915A(a). The Court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if it: (1) is frivolous or 23 malicious; (2) fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted; or (3) seeks monetary relief 24 from a defendant who is immune from such relief. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), (2). Moreover, 25 the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure require that complaints contain a “. . . short and plain 26 statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). This 27 means that claims must be stated simply, concisely, and directly. See McHenry v. Renne, 84 F.3d 28 1172, 1177 (9th Cir. 1996) (referring to Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(e)(1)). These rules are satisfied if the 1 complaint gives the defendant fair notice of the plaintiff’s claim and the grounds upon which it 2 rests. See Kimes v. Stone, 84 F.3d 1121, 1129 (9th Cir. 1996). Because Plaintiff must allege 3 with at least some degree of particularity overt acts by specific defendants which support the 4 claims, vague and conclusory allegations fail to satisfy this standard. Additionally, it is 5 impossible for the Court to conduct the screening required by law when the allegations are vague 6 and conclusory. 7 8 I. PLAINTIFF’S ALLEGATIONS 9 Plaintiff brings claims against the following defendants: (1) Rio Consumnes 10 Correctional Center (“RCCC”); (2) Dr. Sahba, a medical doctor at RCCC; (3) Dr. Ho, a medical 11 doctor at RCCC; and (4) unnamed defendants, listed as John Doe 1-5. See ECF No. 1, at 1. 12 The Court understands Plaintiff’s complaint to include two claims. First, Plaintiff 13 appears to assert that Defendants provided him inadequate medical care in violation of his 14 constitutional rights. See ECF No. 1 at 3. Second, Plaintiff contends Defendants violated his due 15 process rights. See id. at 5. 16 As to the first claim, Plaintiff asserts that, during yard time, he dislocated his left 17 index finger while playing volleyball. See id. at 3. Afterward, Plaintiff reported the injury to 18 correctional officers and they told him medical staff would be contacted. See id. Plaintiff claims 19 that two hours later, medical staff wrapped his hand and gave him aspirin. See id. 20 According to Plaintiff, five days later the radiology department x-rayed his finger. 21 See id. About a week later, a doctor told Plaintiff that his dislocated finger could not be 22 adequately adjusted because too much time had elapsed. See id. Plaintiff alleges that the doctor 23 requested that Plaintiff see an outside bone specialist. See id. at 4. Thereafter, Plaintiff met with 24 a bone specialist who concluded that Plaintiff's finger was totally damaged. See id. Plaintiff then 25 saw another doctor who recommended surgery. See id. Plaintiff underwent surgery, but still 26 claims to have a longstanding injury. See id. 27 / / / 28 / / / 1 Regarding Plaintiff's second claim, he contends that he filed a grievance in January 2 2021 against unnamed doctors, but he did not receive a reply until around four months later. See 3 id. at 5. Plaintiff contends this delayed response violated his due process rights. See id. 4 5 II. DISCUSSION 6 The Court finds Plaintiff fails to state cognizable claims as to either the Eighth 7 Amendment medical care claim or his due process claim for one primary reason – Plaintiff fails 8 to allege an actual connection or link between the actions of the named Defendants and the 9 alleged deprivations. 10 To state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, the plaintiff must allege an actual 11 connection or link between the actions of the named defendants and the alleged deprivations. See 12 Monell v. Dep’t of Social Servs., 436 U.S. 658 (1978); Rizzo v. Goode, 423 U.S. 362 (1976). “A 13 person ‘subjects’ another to the deprivation of a constitutional right, within the meaning of 14 § 1983, if he does an affirmative act, participates in another's affirmative acts, or omits to perform 15 an act which he is legally required to do that causes the deprivation of which complaint is made.” 16 Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 1978). Vague and conclusory allegations 17 concerning the involvement of official personnel in civil rights violations are not sufficient. See 18 Ivey v. Board of Regents, 673 F.2d 266, 268 (9th Cir. 1982). Rather, the plaintiff must set forth 19 specific facts as to each individual defendant’s causal role in the alleged constitutional 20 deprivation. See Leer v. Murphy, 844 F.2d 628, 634 (9th Cir. 1988). 21 As to each named defendant, Plaintiff must allege which Defendant took what 22 action that caused which specific constitutional violation. Here, Plaintiff’s complaint is devoid of 23 any mention of which named Defendant performed which action that led to the claimed alleged 24 constitutional violations. Plaintiff will be provided an opportunity to amend in order to state facts 25 as to each named defendant’s involvement. 26 / / / 27 / / / 28 / / / 1 III. CONCLUSION 2 Because it is possible that the deficiencies identified in this order may be cured by 3 amending the complaint, Plaintiff is entitled to leave to amend prior to dismissal of the entire 4 action. See Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1126, 1131 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc). Plaintiff is 5 informed that, as a general rule, an amended complaint supersedes the original complaint. See 6 Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258, 1262 (9th Cir. 1992). Thus, following dismissal with leave to 7 amend, all claims alleged in the original complaint which are not alleged in the amended 8 complaint are waived. See King v. Atiyeh, 814 F.2d 565, 567 (9th Cir. 1987). Therefore, if 9 Plaintiff amends the complaint, the Court cannot refer to the prior pleading in order to make 10 Plaintiff's amended complaint complete. See Local Rule 220.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 LAWRENCE GRANT, No. 2:21-CV-1759-TLN-DMC-P 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER 14 RIO CONSUMNES CORRECTIONAL CENTER, et al., 15 Defendants. 16
17 18 Plaintiff, a prisoner proceeding pro se, brings this civil rights action pursuant to 19 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Pending before the Court is Plaintiff’s original complaint, ECF No. 1. 20 The Court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief 21 against a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. See 28 U.S.C. 22 § 1915A(a). The Court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if it: (1) is frivolous or 23 malicious; (2) fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted; or (3) seeks monetary relief 24 from a defendant who is immune from such relief. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), (2). Moreover, 25 the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure require that complaints contain a “. . . short and plain 26 statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). This 27 means that claims must be stated simply, concisely, and directly. See McHenry v. Renne, 84 F.3d 28 1172, 1177 (9th Cir. 1996) (referring to Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(e)(1)). These rules are satisfied if the 1 complaint gives the defendant fair notice of the plaintiff’s claim and the grounds upon which it 2 rests. See Kimes v. Stone, 84 F.3d 1121, 1129 (9th Cir. 1996). Because Plaintiff must allege 3 with at least some degree of particularity overt acts by specific defendants which support the 4 claims, vague and conclusory allegations fail to satisfy this standard. Additionally, it is 5 impossible for the Court to conduct the screening required by law when the allegations are vague 6 and conclusory. 7 8 I. PLAINTIFF’S ALLEGATIONS 9 Plaintiff brings claims against the following defendants: (1) Rio Consumnes 10 Correctional Center (“RCCC”); (2) Dr. Sahba, a medical doctor at RCCC; (3) Dr. Ho, a medical 11 doctor at RCCC; and (4) unnamed defendants, listed as John Doe 1-5. See ECF No. 1, at 1. 12 The Court understands Plaintiff’s complaint to include two claims. First, Plaintiff 13 appears to assert that Defendants provided him inadequate medical care in violation of his 14 constitutional rights. See ECF No. 1 at 3. Second, Plaintiff contends Defendants violated his due 15 process rights. See id. at 5. 16 As to the first claim, Plaintiff asserts that, during yard time, he dislocated his left 17 index finger while playing volleyball. See id. at 3. Afterward, Plaintiff reported the injury to 18 correctional officers and they told him medical staff would be contacted. See id. Plaintiff claims 19 that two hours later, medical staff wrapped his hand and gave him aspirin. See id. 20 According to Plaintiff, five days later the radiology department x-rayed his finger. 21 See id. About a week later, a doctor told Plaintiff that his dislocated finger could not be 22 adequately adjusted because too much time had elapsed. See id. Plaintiff alleges that the doctor 23 requested that Plaintiff see an outside bone specialist. See id. at 4. Thereafter, Plaintiff met with 24 a bone specialist who concluded that Plaintiff's finger was totally damaged. See id. Plaintiff then 25 saw another doctor who recommended surgery. See id. Plaintiff underwent surgery, but still 26 claims to have a longstanding injury. See id. 27 / / / 28 / / / 1 Regarding Plaintiff's second claim, he contends that he filed a grievance in January 2 2021 against unnamed doctors, but he did not receive a reply until around four months later. See 3 id. at 5. Plaintiff contends this delayed response violated his due process rights. See id. 4 5 II. DISCUSSION 6 The Court finds Plaintiff fails to state cognizable claims as to either the Eighth 7 Amendment medical care claim or his due process claim for one primary reason – Plaintiff fails 8 to allege an actual connection or link between the actions of the named Defendants and the 9 alleged deprivations. 10 To state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, the plaintiff must allege an actual 11 connection or link between the actions of the named defendants and the alleged deprivations. See 12 Monell v. Dep’t of Social Servs., 436 U.S. 658 (1978); Rizzo v. Goode, 423 U.S. 362 (1976). “A 13 person ‘subjects’ another to the deprivation of a constitutional right, within the meaning of 14 § 1983, if he does an affirmative act, participates in another's affirmative acts, or omits to perform 15 an act which he is legally required to do that causes the deprivation of which complaint is made.” 16 Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 1978). Vague and conclusory allegations 17 concerning the involvement of official personnel in civil rights violations are not sufficient. See 18 Ivey v. Board of Regents, 673 F.2d 266, 268 (9th Cir. 1982). Rather, the plaintiff must set forth 19 specific facts as to each individual defendant’s causal role in the alleged constitutional 20 deprivation. See Leer v. Murphy, 844 F.2d 628, 634 (9th Cir. 1988). 21 As to each named defendant, Plaintiff must allege which Defendant took what 22 action that caused which specific constitutional violation. Here, Plaintiff’s complaint is devoid of 23 any mention of which named Defendant performed which action that led to the claimed alleged 24 constitutional violations. Plaintiff will be provided an opportunity to amend in order to state facts 25 as to each named defendant’s involvement. 26 / / / 27 / / / 28 / / / 1 III. CONCLUSION 2 Because it is possible that the deficiencies identified in this order may be cured by 3 amending the complaint, Plaintiff is entitled to leave to amend prior to dismissal of the entire 4 action. See Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1126, 1131 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc). Plaintiff is 5 informed that, as a general rule, an amended complaint supersedes the original complaint. See 6 Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258, 1262 (9th Cir. 1992). Thus, following dismissal with leave to 7 amend, all claims alleged in the original complaint which are not alleged in the amended 8 complaint are waived. See King v. Atiyeh, 814 F.2d 565, 567 (9th Cir. 1987). Therefore, if 9 Plaintiff amends the complaint, the Court cannot refer to the prior pleading in order to make 10 Plaintiff's amended complaint complete. See Local Rule 220. An amended complaint must be 11 complete in itself without reference to any prior pleading. See id. 12 If Plaintiff chooses to amend the complaint, Plaintiff must demonstrate how the 13 conditions complained of have resulted in a deprivation of Plaintiff’s constitutional rights. See 14 Ellis v. Cassidy, 625 F.2d 227 (9th Cir. 1980). The complaint must allege in specific terms how 15 each named defendant is involved, and must set forth some affirmative link or connection 16 between each defendant’s actions and the claimed deprivation. See May v. Enomoto, 633 F.2d 17 164, 167 (9th Cir. 1980); Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 1978). 18 Finally, Plaintiff is warned that failure to file an amended complaint within the 19 time provided in this order may be grounds for dismissal of this action. See Ferdik, 963 F.2d at 20 1260-61; see also Local Rule 110. Plaintiff is also warned that a complaint which fails to comply 21 with Rule 8 may, in the Court’s discretion, be dismissed with prejudice pursuant to Rule 41(b). 22 See Nevijel v. North Coast Life Ins. Co., 651 F.2d 671, 673 (9th Cir. 1981). 23 / / / 24 / / / 25 / / / 26 / / / 27 / / / 28 / / / 1 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 2 1. Plaintiffs original complaint is dismissed with leave to amend; and 3 2. Plaintiff shall file a first amended complaint within 30 days of the date of 4 | service of this order. 5 6 | Dated: December 2, 2021 Ssvcqo_ 7 DENNIS M. COTA 8 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28