1 2 3 4 5 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 6 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 7 8 DAVID ARKEEN EVANS, Case No. 1:22-cv-00291-ADA-BAM (PC) 9 Plaintiff, ORDER VACATING FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO DISMISS 10 v. DEFENDANT REED FOR FAILURE TO COMPLETE SERVICE OF PROCESS 11 DIAZ, et al., (ECF No. 49)
12 Defendants. ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION TO SUBSTITUTE ESTATE IN PLACE OF 13 DECEASED AS PREMATURE (ECF No. 46) 14 ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION 15 FOR EXTENSION OF TIME (ECF No. 51) 16 ORDER GRANTING IN PART REQUEST 17 FOR PERSONAL SERVICE BY UNITED STATES MARSHAL 18 (ECF No. 50)
19 ORDER DIRECTING PLAINTIFF TO FILE NOTICE OF SUGGESTION OF DEATH 20 PURSUANT TO FEDERAL RULE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 25(a)(1) 21 THIRTY (30) DAY DEADLINE 22 23 Plaintiff David Arkeen Evans (“Plaintiff”) is a state prisoner proceeding pro se in this 24 civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. This action proceeds on Plaintiff’s first amended 25 complaint against: (1) Defendants E. Diaz and Ramirez for excessive force in violation of the 26 Eighth Amendment for spraying Plaintiff with OC spray; (2) Defendant Reed for excessive force 27 in violation of the Eighth Amendment for ramming Plaintiff with his riot shield and pinning 28 Plaintiff to a desk; (3) Defendants E. Diaz and Ramirez for excessive force in violation of the 1 Eighth Amendment for applying excessively tight ankle restraints and dragging Plaintiff by the 2 chain of the shackles into the hallway; (4) Defendants Martin, E. Diaz, Ramirez, and Marin for 3 excessive force in violation of the Eighth Amendment for beating Plaintiff with batons in the 4 hallway; (5) Defendants A. Aguilar and E. Figueroa for failure to intervene in violation of the 5 Eighth Amendment; (6) Defendant Bradford for deliberate indifference to serious medical needs 6 in violation of the Eighth Amendment for refusing to admit Plaintiff to a suicide crisis bed after 7 Plaintiff swallowed two razor blades with the intent of killing himself; and (8) Defendants 8 Stanley, Arrozola, and Aguilar for unconstitutional conditions of confinement in violation of the 9 Eighth Amendment. 10 I. Background 11 On April 10, 2023, the Court received information from the United States Marshals 12 Service that Defendant Anthony Reed died in 2021 from complications related to COVID, and 13 could not be served. (ECF No. 27.) In light of this information, the Court issued an order for 14 Plaintiff to either: (1) show cause by written response why Defendant Reed should not be 15 dismissed from this action; (2) file a notice of suggestion of death of Defendant Reed, including 16 either a proof of service on the appropriate parties and nonparty successors or representatives of 17 Defendant Reed (or a request for service by the United States Marshals Service); or (3) file a 18 notice that he wishes to voluntarily dismiss Defendant Reed from this action. (ECF No. 38.) 19 Plaintiff was also provided with the requirements for filing a notice of suggestion of death 20 pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 25(a)(1). (Id. at 3–4.) 21 On July 6, 2023, Plaintiff filed a notice of suggestion of death indicating his belief that he 22 provided the proper information to locate and serve Defendant Reed. (ECF No. 39.) The Court 23 issued an order indicating that the notice was improper because it was not served on Defendant 24 Reed’s nonparty successor(s) or representative(s) as required, and again provided the 25 requirements for filing a notice of suggestion of death pursuant to Rule 25(a)(1). (ECF No. 40.) 26 The Court order further notified the parties that the ninety-day period for substitution had not yet 27 been triggered and extended the deadline for Plaintiff to respond to the order to show cause. 28 Plaintiff was warned that his failure to respond to this order or failure to show cause would result 1 in the dismissal of Defendant Reed from this action due to Plaintiff’s failure to serve process 2 pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m). (Id.) 3 On September 25, 2023, Plaintiff filed a motion to substitute estate in place of deceased, 4 (ECF No. 46), together with a response to the order to show cause, (ECF No. 47). Counsel for 5 the remaining defendants filed a declaration in response to Plaintiff’s filings on September 29, 6 2023. (ECF No. 48.) Finding that none of the parties had satisfied the requirements of Rule 7 25(a)(1) for filing a notice of suggestion of death or identified Defendant Reed’s non-party 8 successor(s) or representative(s) and served them with the notice of suggestion of death, on 9 October 10, 2023 the Court issued findings and recommendations that Defendant Reed be 10 dismissed from this action, without prejudice, for failure to serve process under Rule 4(m). (ECF 11 No. 49.) The parties were directed to file any objections within fourteen (14) days. (Id.) 12 Currently before the Court are Plaintiff’s objections to the findings and recommendations, 13 motion for extension of time, and notice of change of address, all filed October 30, 2023. (ECF 14 Nos. 50–52.) Defendants have not filed a response, and the deadline to do so has expired. The 15 motions and objections are deemed submitted. Local Rule 230(l). 16 II. Findings and Recommendations 17 In his objections to the pending findings and recommendations, Plaintiff states that he has 18 found the last known address for Defendant Reed’s wife, Mackenzie Odle (a.k.a. Mackenzie Fey 19 Odle or Mackenzie Fey Reed), and son, Christopher Reed. (ECF No. 50, p. 3.) Plaintiff therefore 20 requests that the Court reconsider the findings and recommendations and submits a motion for 21 Marshals service on Defendant Reed’s wife and son. (Id. at 4.) 22 In light of the new information regarding the location of Defendant Reed’s apparent 23 successors, the Court finds it appropriate to vacate the pending findings and recommendations to 24 dismiss Defendant Reed for failure to serve process. Plaintiff’s request for extension of time to 25 respond to the findings and recommendations, (ECF No. 51), is therefore denied, as unnecessary. 26 III. Notice of Suggestion of Death and Motion to Substitute Estate 27 As Plaintiff was previously informed, Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 25(a)(1) provides 28 for the dismissal of Defendant Reed from this action if a motion for substitution is not made 1 within ninety days after service of a statement noting Reed’s death. Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(1). 2 Two things are required of a party for the running of the ninety-day period to commence: a party 3 must 1) formally suggest the death of the party on the record, and 2) serve the suggestion of death 4 on the other parties and the nonparty successors or representatives of the deceased. Barlow v. 5 Ground, 39 F.3d 231, 233 (9th Cir. 1994). In order for the ninety-day period for substitution to 6 be triggered, a party must formally suggest the death of the party upon the record, Fed. R. Civ. P. 7 25(a)(1), and must serve other parties and nonparty successors or representatives of the deceased 8 with a suggestion of death in the same manner as required for service of the motion to substitute, 9 Fed. R. Civ. P. 25
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1 2 3 4 5 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 6 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 7 8 DAVID ARKEEN EVANS, Case No. 1:22-cv-00291-ADA-BAM (PC) 9 Plaintiff, ORDER VACATING FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO DISMISS 10 v. DEFENDANT REED FOR FAILURE TO COMPLETE SERVICE OF PROCESS 11 DIAZ, et al., (ECF No. 49)
12 Defendants. ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION TO SUBSTITUTE ESTATE IN PLACE OF 13 DECEASED AS PREMATURE (ECF No. 46) 14 ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION 15 FOR EXTENSION OF TIME (ECF No. 51) 16 ORDER GRANTING IN PART REQUEST 17 FOR PERSONAL SERVICE BY UNITED STATES MARSHAL 18 (ECF No. 50)
19 ORDER DIRECTING PLAINTIFF TO FILE NOTICE OF SUGGESTION OF DEATH 20 PURSUANT TO FEDERAL RULE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 25(a)(1) 21 THIRTY (30) DAY DEADLINE 22 23 Plaintiff David Arkeen Evans (“Plaintiff”) is a state prisoner proceeding pro se in this 24 civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. This action proceeds on Plaintiff’s first amended 25 complaint against: (1) Defendants E. Diaz and Ramirez for excessive force in violation of the 26 Eighth Amendment for spraying Plaintiff with OC spray; (2) Defendant Reed for excessive force 27 in violation of the Eighth Amendment for ramming Plaintiff with his riot shield and pinning 28 Plaintiff to a desk; (3) Defendants E. Diaz and Ramirez for excessive force in violation of the 1 Eighth Amendment for applying excessively tight ankle restraints and dragging Plaintiff by the 2 chain of the shackles into the hallway; (4) Defendants Martin, E. Diaz, Ramirez, and Marin for 3 excessive force in violation of the Eighth Amendment for beating Plaintiff with batons in the 4 hallway; (5) Defendants A. Aguilar and E. Figueroa for failure to intervene in violation of the 5 Eighth Amendment; (6) Defendant Bradford for deliberate indifference to serious medical needs 6 in violation of the Eighth Amendment for refusing to admit Plaintiff to a suicide crisis bed after 7 Plaintiff swallowed two razor blades with the intent of killing himself; and (8) Defendants 8 Stanley, Arrozola, and Aguilar for unconstitutional conditions of confinement in violation of the 9 Eighth Amendment. 10 I. Background 11 On April 10, 2023, the Court received information from the United States Marshals 12 Service that Defendant Anthony Reed died in 2021 from complications related to COVID, and 13 could not be served. (ECF No. 27.) In light of this information, the Court issued an order for 14 Plaintiff to either: (1) show cause by written response why Defendant Reed should not be 15 dismissed from this action; (2) file a notice of suggestion of death of Defendant Reed, including 16 either a proof of service on the appropriate parties and nonparty successors or representatives of 17 Defendant Reed (or a request for service by the United States Marshals Service); or (3) file a 18 notice that he wishes to voluntarily dismiss Defendant Reed from this action. (ECF No. 38.) 19 Plaintiff was also provided with the requirements for filing a notice of suggestion of death 20 pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 25(a)(1). (Id. at 3–4.) 21 On July 6, 2023, Plaintiff filed a notice of suggestion of death indicating his belief that he 22 provided the proper information to locate and serve Defendant Reed. (ECF No. 39.) The Court 23 issued an order indicating that the notice was improper because it was not served on Defendant 24 Reed’s nonparty successor(s) or representative(s) as required, and again provided the 25 requirements for filing a notice of suggestion of death pursuant to Rule 25(a)(1). (ECF No. 40.) 26 The Court order further notified the parties that the ninety-day period for substitution had not yet 27 been triggered and extended the deadline for Plaintiff to respond to the order to show cause. 28 Plaintiff was warned that his failure to respond to this order or failure to show cause would result 1 in the dismissal of Defendant Reed from this action due to Plaintiff’s failure to serve process 2 pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m). (Id.) 3 On September 25, 2023, Plaintiff filed a motion to substitute estate in place of deceased, 4 (ECF No. 46), together with a response to the order to show cause, (ECF No. 47). Counsel for 5 the remaining defendants filed a declaration in response to Plaintiff’s filings on September 29, 6 2023. (ECF No. 48.) Finding that none of the parties had satisfied the requirements of Rule 7 25(a)(1) for filing a notice of suggestion of death or identified Defendant Reed’s non-party 8 successor(s) or representative(s) and served them with the notice of suggestion of death, on 9 October 10, 2023 the Court issued findings and recommendations that Defendant Reed be 10 dismissed from this action, without prejudice, for failure to serve process under Rule 4(m). (ECF 11 No. 49.) The parties were directed to file any objections within fourteen (14) days. (Id.) 12 Currently before the Court are Plaintiff’s objections to the findings and recommendations, 13 motion for extension of time, and notice of change of address, all filed October 30, 2023. (ECF 14 Nos. 50–52.) Defendants have not filed a response, and the deadline to do so has expired. The 15 motions and objections are deemed submitted. Local Rule 230(l). 16 II. Findings and Recommendations 17 In his objections to the pending findings and recommendations, Plaintiff states that he has 18 found the last known address for Defendant Reed’s wife, Mackenzie Odle (a.k.a. Mackenzie Fey 19 Odle or Mackenzie Fey Reed), and son, Christopher Reed. (ECF No. 50, p. 3.) Plaintiff therefore 20 requests that the Court reconsider the findings and recommendations and submits a motion for 21 Marshals service on Defendant Reed’s wife and son. (Id. at 4.) 22 In light of the new information regarding the location of Defendant Reed’s apparent 23 successors, the Court finds it appropriate to vacate the pending findings and recommendations to 24 dismiss Defendant Reed for failure to serve process. Plaintiff’s request for extension of time to 25 respond to the findings and recommendations, (ECF No. 51), is therefore denied, as unnecessary. 26 III. Notice of Suggestion of Death and Motion to Substitute Estate 27 As Plaintiff was previously informed, Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 25(a)(1) provides 28 for the dismissal of Defendant Reed from this action if a motion for substitution is not made 1 within ninety days after service of a statement noting Reed’s death. Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(1). 2 Two things are required of a party for the running of the ninety-day period to commence: a party 3 must 1) formally suggest the death of the party on the record, and 2) serve the suggestion of death 4 on the other parties and the nonparty successors or representatives of the deceased. Barlow v. 5 Ground, 39 F.3d 231, 233 (9th Cir. 1994). In order for the ninety-day period for substitution to 6 be triggered, a party must formally suggest the death of the party upon the record, Fed. R. Civ. P. 7 25(a)(1), and must serve other parties and nonparty successors or representatives of the deceased 8 with a suggestion of death in the same manner as required for service of the motion to substitute, 9 Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(3). Thus, a party may be served with the suggestion of death by service on 10 his or her attorney, Fed. R. Civ. P. 5(b), while non-party successors or representatives of the 11 deceased party must be served the suggestion of death in the manner provided by Rule 4 for the 12 service of a summons. Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(3); Barlow, 39 F.3d at 232–34. Rule 25 requires 13 dismissal absent a motion for substitution within the ninety-day period only if the statement of 14 death was properly served. Unicorn Tales, Inc., v. Bannerjee, 138 F.3d 467, 469–71 (2d Cir. 15 1998). 16 Pursuant to Rule 25, Plaintiff’s September 25, 2023 motion to substitute estate in place of 17 deceased, (ECF No. 46), is premature, as there has not yet been a notice of suggestion of death 18 filed and personally served on Defendant Reed’s nonparty successor(s) or representative(s) as 19 required. Therefore, the ninety-day period for filing a motion for substitution has not been 20 triggered. Accordingly, Plaintiff’s motion to substitute is denied as premature. 21 However, now that Plaintiff has provided additional information that would enable the 22 United States Marshal to properly serve Defendant Reed’s nonparty successors or representatives, 23 a notice of suggestion of death can be filed to trigger the ninety-day period for filing a motion to 24 substitute. Plaintiff’s request that the notice of suggestion of death be personally served on 25 Defendant Reed’s nonparty successors or representatives, by the United States Marshal, (ECF No. 26 50), is granted in part, as Plaintiff must first file a notice of suggestion of death of Defendant 27 Reed. Once filed with the Court, the Court will direct the United States Marshal to personally 28 serve the notice on Mackenzie Fey Odle (Mackenzie Fey Reed) and Christopher Reed. Only after 1 the notice is personally served on Defendant Reed’s successors will the ninety-day period for the 2 filing of a motion to substitute begin to run. Any motion to substitute, filed by any party, must 3 also be personally served on Defendant Reed’s nonparty successors or representatives. 4 IV. Order 5 Based on the foregoing, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 6 1. The findings and recommendations to dismiss Defendant Reed for failure to complete 7 service of process, (ECF No. 49), are VACATED; 8 2. Plaintiff’s motion to substitute estate in place of deceased, (ECF No. 46), is DENIED, as 9 premature; 10 3. Plaintiff’s motion for extension of time to respond to findings and recommendations, 11 (ECF No. 51), is DENIED, as unnecessary; 12 4. Plaintiff’s request for personal service by United States Marshal, (ECF No. 50), is 13 GRANTED IN PART, as discussed above; 14 5. Within thirty (30) days from the date of service of this order, Plaintiff SHALL file a 15 notice of suggestion of death of Defendant Reed; 16 6. This order does not preclude the filing of a notice of suggestion of death by any other 17 party before the expiration of the deadline; and 18 7. Plaintiff’s failure to respond to this order will result in the dismissal of Defendant 19 Reed from this action, due to Plaintiff’s failure to serve process pursuant to Federal 20 Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m). 21 IT IS SO ORDERED. 22
23 Dated: November 29, 2023 /s/ Barbara A. McAuliffe _ UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 24
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