1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 MIGUEL ENRIQUE DIAZ, Case No. 2:23-cv-01449-DAD-JDP (PC) 12 Plaintiff, ORDER 13 v. THAT PLAINTIFF SUBMIT AN APPLICATION TO PROCEED IN FORMA 14 M. OSMAN, et al., PAUPERIS OR THE FILING FEE WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF THIS ORDER’S 15 Defendants. ENTRY 16 SCREENING ORDER THAT THE COMPLAINT IS DEFICIENT AND 17 OFFERING LEAVE TO AMEND 18 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 19 THAT PLAINTIFF’S REQUEST FOR TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER 20 AND PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION BE DENIED 21 ECF No. 1 22 23 24 Plaintiff brought this action by filing a motion for a preliminary injunction and temporary 25 restraining order, ECF No. 1, without paying the filing fee or submitting an application to proceed 26 in forma pauperis. I construe that motion as the operative complaint. After screening it, I find 27 that it fails to comply with federal pleading standards by containing multiple unrelated claims 28 1 against more than one defendant and for want of organization. I will grant plaintiff leave to 2 amend. I will also recommend that his motion for temporary restraining order and preliminary 3 injunction, ECF No. 1, be denied. 4 I. Screening Order 5 A. Screening and Pleading Requirements 6 A federal court must screen a prisoner’s complaint that seeks relief against a governmental 7 entity, officer, or employee. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The court must identify any cognizable 8 claims and dismiss any portion of the complaint that is frivolous or malicious, fails to state a 9 claim upon which relief may be granted, or seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is 10 immune from such relief. See 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915A(b)(1), (2). 11 A complaint must contain a short and plain statement that plaintiff is entitled to relief, 12 Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2), and provide “enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its 13 face,” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). The plausibility standard does not 14 require detailed allegations, but legal conclusions do not suffice. See Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 15 662, 678 (2009). If the allegations “do not permit the court to infer more than the mere 16 possibility of misconduct,” the complaint states no claim. Id. at 679. The complaint need not 17 identify “a precise legal theory.” Kobold v. Good Samaritan Reg’l Med. Ctr., 832 F.3d 1024, 18 1038 (9th Cir. 2016). Instead, what plaintiff must state is a “claim”—a set of “allegations that 19 give rise to an enforceable right to relief.” Nagrampa v. MailCoups, Inc., 469 F.3d 1257, 1264 20 n.2 (9th Cir. 2006) (en banc) (citations omitted). 21 The court must construe a pro se litigant’s complaint liberally. See Haines v. Kerner, 404 22 U.S. 519, 520 (1972) (per curiam). The court may dismiss a pro se litigant’s complaint “if it 23 appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which 24 would entitle him to relief.” Hayes v. Idaho Corr. Ctr., 849 F.3d 1204, 1208 (9th Cir. 2017). 25 However, “‘a liberal interpretation of a civil rights complaint may not supply essential elements 26 of the claim that were not initially pled.’” Bruns v. Nat’l Credit Union Admin., 122 F.3d 1251, 27 1257 (9th Cir. 1997) (quoting Ivey v. Bd. of Regents, 673 F.2d 266, 268 (9th Cir. 1982)). 28 1 B. Analysis 2 Plaintiff alleges that numerous defendants violated his Eighth Amendment right to 3 adequate medical care. He claims that two nurse defendants, Miller and Griffis, failed to offer 4 adequate wound care for injuries to his foot. ECF No. 1 at 2. He alleges that, on some separate 5 occasion, another pair of nurse defendants named Bangaru and Fisher, along with a physician 6 named Lee, failed to re-order treatment for the same wound. Id. Plaintiff claims that this failure 7 is attributable to a campaign of retaliation that Fisher and Griffis have perpetrated against him for 8 internal complaints he has made against them. Id. at 1-2. 9 Separately, plaintiff alleges that his Eighth Amendment rights have been violated by the 10 failure of medical staff to provide him with incontinence supplies. Id. at 2. This claim appears 11 unrelated to his allegations concerning wound care. The only potential link is the vague 12 allegation that the failure to provide him with supplies was also retaliation from Fisher, but the 13 basis for the retaliation is distinct: He alleges that Fisher is retaliating against him because she is 14 friendly with another nurse, Torres, who violated his HIPAA rights. Id. I cannot tell if plaintiff is 15 bringing any claim against Torres in this complaint, however. In any event, this claim, insofar as 16 it is predicated on a different failure to provide medical care and a different retaliatory motive, is 17 insufficiently related to his other claim to proceed in the same action. Unrelated claims against 18 multiple defendants belong in separate lawsuits. See George v. Smith, 507 F.3d 605, 607 (7th Cir. 19 2007). 20 On a broader note, plaintiff’s complaint lacks organization, and it is at times difficult to 21 tell how many defendants and claims are at issue. Plaintiff will be sent a complaint form, and he 22 is encouraged to use it in drafting his amended complaint. Additionally, plaintiff devotes 23 significant language to alleging that he is in imminent danger of serious harm. ECF No. 1 at 5-6. 24 Such a showing is relevant to a “three-striker” who still wishes to proceed in forma pauperis, but 25 plaintiff has not yet sought leave to proceed without prepayment of the filing fee. 26 Due to the complaint’s lack of organization and joinder of unrelated claims, I will direct 27 him to file an amended complaint. He is advised that the amended complaint will supersede the 28 current complaint. See Lacey v. Maricopa Cnty., 693 F. 3d 896, 907 n.1 (9th Cir. 2012) (en 1 banc). The amended complaint should be titled “First Amended Complaint” and refer to the 2 appropriate case number. 3 II. Motion for Preliminary Injunctive Relief 4 Plaintiff asks that injunctive relief issue directing that wound care, as directed by Dr. Lee, 5 by provided, that defendants Griffis and Fisher be investigated, that he be granted single-cell 6 status, and that a member of the medical staff named Amy Magaruh be investigated for failing to 7 prevent her subordinates’ misconduct. ECF No. 1 at 7. I recommend that this motion be denied. 8 Plaintiff has identified the requisite factors set forth in Winter v. Natural Resources Defense 9 Council, 555 U.S. 7 (2008), but he has failed to show that he will suffer irreparable harm without 10 preliminary injunctive relief. Absent such a showing, his motion must be denied. See Holston v. 11 Rosa, No. 2:20-cv-01076-KJM-CKD-P, 2021 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 97147, *23 (E.D. Cal. May 21, 12 2021) (“Absent irreparable harm, a TRO is not warranted and the court finds it unnecessary to 13 address the remaining factors.”). 14 First, only the failure to provide wound care implicates irreparable harm.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 MIGUEL ENRIQUE DIAZ, Case No. 2:23-cv-01449-DAD-JDP (PC) 12 Plaintiff, ORDER 13 v. THAT PLAINTIFF SUBMIT AN APPLICATION TO PROCEED IN FORMA 14 M. OSMAN, et al., PAUPERIS OR THE FILING FEE WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF THIS ORDER’S 15 Defendants. ENTRY 16 SCREENING ORDER THAT THE COMPLAINT IS DEFICIENT AND 17 OFFERING LEAVE TO AMEND 18 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 19 THAT PLAINTIFF’S REQUEST FOR TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER 20 AND PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION BE DENIED 21 ECF No. 1 22 23 24 Plaintiff brought this action by filing a motion for a preliminary injunction and temporary 25 restraining order, ECF No. 1, without paying the filing fee or submitting an application to proceed 26 in forma pauperis. I construe that motion as the operative complaint. After screening it, I find 27 that it fails to comply with federal pleading standards by containing multiple unrelated claims 28 1 against more than one defendant and for want of organization. I will grant plaintiff leave to 2 amend. I will also recommend that his motion for temporary restraining order and preliminary 3 injunction, ECF No. 1, be denied. 4 I. Screening Order 5 A. Screening and Pleading Requirements 6 A federal court must screen a prisoner’s complaint that seeks relief against a governmental 7 entity, officer, or employee. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The court must identify any cognizable 8 claims and dismiss any portion of the complaint that is frivolous or malicious, fails to state a 9 claim upon which relief may be granted, or seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is 10 immune from such relief. See 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915A(b)(1), (2). 11 A complaint must contain a short and plain statement that plaintiff is entitled to relief, 12 Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2), and provide “enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its 13 face,” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). The plausibility standard does not 14 require detailed allegations, but legal conclusions do not suffice. See Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 15 662, 678 (2009). If the allegations “do not permit the court to infer more than the mere 16 possibility of misconduct,” the complaint states no claim. Id. at 679. The complaint need not 17 identify “a precise legal theory.” Kobold v. Good Samaritan Reg’l Med. Ctr., 832 F.3d 1024, 18 1038 (9th Cir. 2016). Instead, what plaintiff must state is a “claim”—a set of “allegations that 19 give rise to an enforceable right to relief.” Nagrampa v. MailCoups, Inc., 469 F.3d 1257, 1264 20 n.2 (9th Cir. 2006) (en banc) (citations omitted). 21 The court must construe a pro se litigant’s complaint liberally. See Haines v. Kerner, 404 22 U.S. 519, 520 (1972) (per curiam). The court may dismiss a pro se litigant’s complaint “if it 23 appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which 24 would entitle him to relief.” Hayes v. Idaho Corr. Ctr., 849 F.3d 1204, 1208 (9th Cir. 2017). 25 However, “‘a liberal interpretation of a civil rights complaint may not supply essential elements 26 of the claim that were not initially pled.’” Bruns v. Nat’l Credit Union Admin., 122 F.3d 1251, 27 1257 (9th Cir. 1997) (quoting Ivey v. Bd. of Regents, 673 F.2d 266, 268 (9th Cir. 1982)). 28 1 B. Analysis 2 Plaintiff alleges that numerous defendants violated his Eighth Amendment right to 3 adequate medical care. He claims that two nurse defendants, Miller and Griffis, failed to offer 4 adequate wound care for injuries to his foot. ECF No. 1 at 2. He alleges that, on some separate 5 occasion, another pair of nurse defendants named Bangaru and Fisher, along with a physician 6 named Lee, failed to re-order treatment for the same wound. Id. Plaintiff claims that this failure 7 is attributable to a campaign of retaliation that Fisher and Griffis have perpetrated against him for 8 internal complaints he has made against them. Id. at 1-2. 9 Separately, plaintiff alleges that his Eighth Amendment rights have been violated by the 10 failure of medical staff to provide him with incontinence supplies. Id. at 2. This claim appears 11 unrelated to his allegations concerning wound care. The only potential link is the vague 12 allegation that the failure to provide him with supplies was also retaliation from Fisher, but the 13 basis for the retaliation is distinct: He alleges that Fisher is retaliating against him because she is 14 friendly with another nurse, Torres, who violated his HIPAA rights. Id. I cannot tell if plaintiff is 15 bringing any claim against Torres in this complaint, however. In any event, this claim, insofar as 16 it is predicated on a different failure to provide medical care and a different retaliatory motive, is 17 insufficiently related to his other claim to proceed in the same action. Unrelated claims against 18 multiple defendants belong in separate lawsuits. See George v. Smith, 507 F.3d 605, 607 (7th Cir. 19 2007). 20 On a broader note, plaintiff’s complaint lacks organization, and it is at times difficult to 21 tell how many defendants and claims are at issue. Plaintiff will be sent a complaint form, and he 22 is encouraged to use it in drafting his amended complaint. Additionally, plaintiff devotes 23 significant language to alleging that he is in imminent danger of serious harm. ECF No. 1 at 5-6. 24 Such a showing is relevant to a “three-striker” who still wishes to proceed in forma pauperis, but 25 plaintiff has not yet sought leave to proceed without prepayment of the filing fee. 26 Due to the complaint’s lack of organization and joinder of unrelated claims, I will direct 27 him to file an amended complaint. He is advised that the amended complaint will supersede the 28 current complaint. See Lacey v. Maricopa Cnty., 693 F. 3d 896, 907 n.1 (9th Cir. 2012) (en 1 banc). The amended complaint should be titled “First Amended Complaint” and refer to the 2 appropriate case number. 3 II. Motion for Preliminary Injunctive Relief 4 Plaintiff asks that injunctive relief issue directing that wound care, as directed by Dr. Lee, 5 by provided, that defendants Griffis and Fisher be investigated, that he be granted single-cell 6 status, and that a member of the medical staff named Amy Magaruh be investigated for failing to 7 prevent her subordinates’ misconduct. ECF No. 1 at 7. I recommend that this motion be denied. 8 Plaintiff has identified the requisite factors set forth in Winter v. Natural Resources Defense 9 Council, 555 U.S. 7 (2008), but he has failed to show that he will suffer irreparable harm without 10 preliminary injunctive relief. Absent such a showing, his motion must be denied. See Holston v. 11 Rosa, No. 2:20-cv-01076-KJM-CKD-P, 2021 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 97147, *23 (E.D. Cal. May 21, 12 2021) (“Absent irreparable harm, a TRO is not warranted and the court finds it unnecessary to 13 address the remaining factors.”). 14 First, only the failure to provide wound care implicates irreparable harm. It does not 15 appear that the other requested relief—investigations of medical defendants and granting of single 16 cell-status—would prevent any irreparable harm that has been alleged. With respect to the 17 immediate provision of wound care, I find that plaintiff has failed to show that he will suffer 18 irreparable harm in the absence of an injunction. He has offered no medical documents or other 19 evidence indicating that, without the specific wound care regimen proposed by Dr. Lee, he will 20 suffer irreparable harm. The only medical evidence attached to the complaint are photographs of 21 plaintiff’s feet, id. at 22-26, and he admits that these photographs are from 2022 and months out 22 of date compared to the allegations at issue, id. at 2. He does reference the possibility of infection 23 and amputation, but there is no evidence offered that would raise that threat beyond the 24 speculative level. Plaintiff’s burden is especially high where, as here, he seeks issuance of an ex 25 parte temporary restraining order. See Reno Air Racing Ass’n, Inc. v. McCord, 452 F.3d 1126, 26 1131 (9th Cir. 2006) (noting that a temporary restraining order may issue ex parte only if it 27 clearly appears that immediate and irreparable harm will occur in its absence and emphasizing 28 that “our entire jurisprudence runs counter to the notion of court action taken before reasonable 1 | notice and an opportunity to be heard has been granted to both sides of a dispute”). Accordingly, 2 | Irecommend that his motion for preliminary injunctive relief be denied. 3 Accordingly, it is ORDERED that: 4 1. Within thirty days from the service of this order, plaintiff should file an amended 5 | complaint and tender the filing fee or submit an application to proceed in forma pauperis. If he 6 | does not, I will recommend this action be dismissed. 7 2. The Clerk of Court shall send plaintiff a section 1983 complaint form and an 8 | application to proceed in forma pauperis form with this order. 9 Further, it is RECOMMENDED that plaintiff's motion for preliminary injunctive relief, 10 | ECF No. 1, be DENIED. 11 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge 12 | assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(). Within fourteen days 13 | after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written 14 | objections with the court and serve a copy on all parties. Such a document should be captioned 15 | “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” Any response to the 16 | objections shall be served and filed within fourteen days after service of the objections. The 17 | parties are advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may waive the right to 18 || appeal the District Court’s order. Turner v. Duncan, 158 F.3d 449, 455 (9th Cir. 1998); Martinez 19 | v. Yist, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991). 20 IT IS SO ORDERED. 22 ( q Sty - Dated: _ January 11, 2024 23 JEREMY D,. PETERSON UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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