1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 RODERICK G. COOLEY, No. 1:19-cv-0001804-HBK 12 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS THAT THIS CASE BE DISMISSED WITHOUT 13 v. PREJUDICE1
14 JOHN SUTTON, Warden OBJECTIONS DUE IN THIRTY DAYS
15 Defendant. ORDER TO ASSIGN A DISTRICT JUDGE
16 17 I. FACTS AND BACKGROUND 18 Plaintiff Roderick G. Cooley is a current or former state prisoner proceeding pro se on his 19 civil rights complaint filed under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Doc. No. 1. On April 15, 2020, the former 20 magistrate judge screened plaintiff’s complaint and directed plaintiff to file an amended complaint 21 within sixty (60) days. Doc. No. 7. Plaintiff was duly advised that his failure to file an amended 22 complaint will result in a dismissal of this action. Id. at ¶2. As of this date, plaintiff has not filed 23 an amended complaint and the time to do so has expired. See docket. Further, on November 25, 24 2020, mail sent from the court to plaintiff was returned as undeliverable. Plaintiff’s address change 25 was due by February 1, 2021. As of the date on this Findings and Recommendations, Plaintiff has 26 not updated his address, contacted the court, or filed the amended complaint in compliance with 27 1 This matter was referred to the undersigned pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) and Local Rule 302 (E.D. Ca. 28 2019). 1 the Court’s April 15, 2020 order. 2 II. APPLICIABLE LAW 3 This court’s Local Rules require litigants to keep the court apprised of their current 4 address, specifically providing: 5 “[a] party appearing in propria persona shall keep the Court and opposing parties advised as to his or her current address. If mail 6 directed to a plaintiff in propria persona by the Clerk is returned by the U.S. Postal Service, and if such plaintiff fails to notify the Court 7 and opposing parties within sixty-three (63) days thereafter of a current address, the Court may dismiss the action without prejudice 8 for failure to prosecute.” 9 E.D. Cal. Loc. R. 183(b) (2019). Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) permits the court 10 to involuntarily dismiss an action when a litigant fails to prosecute an action or fails to comply with 11 other Rules or with a court order. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b); see Applied Underwriters v. 12 Lichtenegger, 913 F.3d 884, 889 (9th Cir. 2019) (citations omitted); Hells Canyon Pres. Council v. 13 U.S. Forest Serv., 403 F.3d 683, 689 (9th Cir. 2005) (“[T]he consensus among our sister circuits, 14 with which we agree, is that courts may dismiss under Rule 41(b) sua sponte, at least under certain 15 circumstances.”). Local Rule 110 similarly permits the court to impose sanctions on a party who 16 fails to comply with the court’s Rules or any order of court. Precedent supports a dismissal of a 17 case when a litigant fails to keep the court appraised on his address. Carey v. King, 856 F.2d 1439 18 (9th Cir. 1988) (affirming lower court and finding no abuse of discretion when district court 19 dismissed case without prejudice after pro se plaintiff did not comply with local rule requiring pro 20 se plaintiffs keep court apprised of addresses at all times); Hanley v. Opinski, Case No. 1:16-cv- 21 391-DAD-SAB, 2018 WL 3388510 (E.D. Ca. July 10, 2018) (dismissing action for failure to 22 prosecute and failure to provide court with current address). 23 Before dismissing an action under Fed. R. Civ. P. 41, the court must consider: (1) the 24 public interest in expeditious resolution of litigation; (2) the court’s need to manage a docket; (3) 25 the risk of prejudice to defendant; (4) public policy favoring disposition on the merits; (5) the 26 availability of less drastic sanctions. See Applied Underwriters, 913 F.3d at 889 (noting court 27 that these five factors “must” be analyzed before a Rule 41 involuntarily dismissal) (emphasis 28 added); Malone v. U.S. Postal Service, 833 F.2d 128, 130 (9th Cir. 1987) (reviewing five factors 1 and independently reviewing the record because district court did not make finding as to each); 2 but see Bautista v. Los Angeles County, 216 F.3d 837, 841 (9th Cir. 2000) (listing the same, but 3 noting the court need not make explicit findings as to each) (emphasis added); Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 4 963 F.2d 1258, 1260 (9th Cir. 1992) (affirming dismissal of pro se 1983 action when plaintiff did 5 not amend caption to remove “et al” as the court directed and reiterating that an explicit finding of 6 each factor is not required by the district court). 7 III. ANALYSIS 8 The undersigned considers each of the above-stated factors and concludes dismissal is 9 warranted in this case. The expeditious resolution of litigation is deemed to be in the public 10 interest, satisfying the first factor. Yourish v. California Amplifier, 191 F.3d at 990-91. Turning 11 to the second factor, the court’s need to efficiently manage its docket cannot be overstated. This 12 court has “one of the heaviest caseloads in the nation,” and due to unfilled judicial vacancies, 13 which is further exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic, operates under a declared judicial 14 emergency. See Amended Standing Order in Light of Ongoing Judicial Emergency in the Eastern 15 District of California. The court’s time is better spent on its other matters than needlessly 16 consumed managing a case with a recalcitrant litigant. Indeed, “trial courts do not have time to 17 waste on multiple failures by aspiring litigants to follow the rules and requirements of our 18 courts.” Pagtalunan v. Galaza, 291 F.3d at 644 (Trott, J., concurring in affirmance of district 19 court’s involuntary dismissal with prejudice of habeas petition where petitioner failed to timely 20 respond to court order and noting “the weight of the docket-managing factor depends upon the 21 size and load of the docket, and those in the best position to know what that is are our 22 beleaguered trial judges.”). Delays inevitably have the inherent risk that evidence will become 23 stale or witnesses' memories will fade or be unavailable and can prejudice a defendant, thereby 24 satisfying the third factor. See Sibron v. New York, 392 U.S. 40, 57 (1968). Finally a less drastic 25 remedies in lieu of dismissal, such as, directing plaintiff to submit an updated address, or an order 26 to show cause why the case should not be dismissed for failure to comply with Local Rules would 27 be an act of futility because the order would be returned without delivery. Additionally, the 28 instant dismissal is a dismissal without prejudice, which is a lesser sanction than a dismissal with 1 | prejudice, thereby addressing the fifth factor. 2 Plaintiff failed to comply with the Court’s April 15, 2020 order and file an amended 3 | complaint, despite being warned that his case would be dismissed. See Doc. No. 7.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 RODERICK G. COOLEY, No. 1:19-cv-0001804-HBK 12 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS THAT THIS CASE BE DISMISSED WITHOUT 13 v. PREJUDICE1
14 JOHN SUTTON, Warden OBJECTIONS DUE IN THIRTY DAYS
15 Defendant. ORDER TO ASSIGN A DISTRICT JUDGE
16 17 I. FACTS AND BACKGROUND 18 Plaintiff Roderick G. Cooley is a current or former state prisoner proceeding pro se on his 19 civil rights complaint filed under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Doc. No. 1. On April 15, 2020, the former 20 magistrate judge screened plaintiff’s complaint and directed plaintiff to file an amended complaint 21 within sixty (60) days. Doc. No. 7. Plaintiff was duly advised that his failure to file an amended 22 complaint will result in a dismissal of this action. Id. at ¶2. As of this date, plaintiff has not filed 23 an amended complaint and the time to do so has expired. See docket. Further, on November 25, 24 2020, mail sent from the court to plaintiff was returned as undeliverable. Plaintiff’s address change 25 was due by February 1, 2021. As of the date on this Findings and Recommendations, Plaintiff has 26 not updated his address, contacted the court, or filed the amended complaint in compliance with 27 1 This matter was referred to the undersigned pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) and Local Rule 302 (E.D. Ca. 28 2019). 1 the Court’s April 15, 2020 order. 2 II. APPLICIABLE LAW 3 This court’s Local Rules require litigants to keep the court apprised of their current 4 address, specifically providing: 5 “[a] party appearing in propria persona shall keep the Court and opposing parties advised as to his or her current address. If mail 6 directed to a plaintiff in propria persona by the Clerk is returned by the U.S. Postal Service, and if such plaintiff fails to notify the Court 7 and opposing parties within sixty-three (63) days thereafter of a current address, the Court may dismiss the action without prejudice 8 for failure to prosecute.” 9 E.D. Cal. Loc. R. 183(b) (2019). Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) permits the court 10 to involuntarily dismiss an action when a litigant fails to prosecute an action or fails to comply with 11 other Rules or with a court order. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b); see Applied Underwriters v. 12 Lichtenegger, 913 F.3d 884, 889 (9th Cir. 2019) (citations omitted); Hells Canyon Pres. Council v. 13 U.S. Forest Serv., 403 F.3d 683, 689 (9th Cir. 2005) (“[T]he consensus among our sister circuits, 14 with which we agree, is that courts may dismiss under Rule 41(b) sua sponte, at least under certain 15 circumstances.”). Local Rule 110 similarly permits the court to impose sanctions on a party who 16 fails to comply with the court’s Rules or any order of court. Precedent supports a dismissal of a 17 case when a litigant fails to keep the court appraised on his address. Carey v. King, 856 F.2d 1439 18 (9th Cir. 1988) (affirming lower court and finding no abuse of discretion when district court 19 dismissed case without prejudice after pro se plaintiff did not comply with local rule requiring pro 20 se plaintiffs keep court apprised of addresses at all times); Hanley v. Opinski, Case No. 1:16-cv- 21 391-DAD-SAB, 2018 WL 3388510 (E.D. Ca. July 10, 2018) (dismissing action for failure to 22 prosecute and failure to provide court with current address). 23 Before dismissing an action under Fed. R. Civ. P. 41, the court must consider: (1) the 24 public interest in expeditious resolution of litigation; (2) the court’s need to manage a docket; (3) 25 the risk of prejudice to defendant; (4) public policy favoring disposition on the merits; (5) the 26 availability of less drastic sanctions. See Applied Underwriters, 913 F.3d at 889 (noting court 27 that these five factors “must” be analyzed before a Rule 41 involuntarily dismissal) (emphasis 28 added); Malone v. U.S. Postal Service, 833 F.2d 128, 130 (9th Cir. 1987) (reviewing five factors 1 and independently reviewing the record because district court did not make finding as to each); 2 but see Bautista v. Los Angeles County, 216 F.3d 837, 841 (9th Cir. 2000) (listing the same, but 3 noting the court need not make explicit findings as to each) (emphasis added); Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 4 963 F.2d 1258, 1260 (9th Cir. 1992) (affirming dismissal of pro se 1983 action when plaintiff did 5 not amend caption to remove “et al” as the court directed and reiterating that an explicit finding of 6 each factor is not required by the district court). 7 III. ANALYSIS 8 The undersigned considers each of the above-stated factors and concludes dismissal is 9 warranted in this case. The expeditious resolution of litigation is deemed to be in the public 10 interest, satisfying the first factor. Yourish v. California Amplifier, 191 F.3d at 990-91. Turning 11 to the second factor, the court’s need to efficiently manage its docket cannot be overstated. This 12 court has “one of the heaviest caseloads in the nation,” and due to unfilled judicial vacancies, 13 which is further exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic, operates under a declared judicial 14 emergency. See Amended Standing Order in Light of Ongoing Judicial Emergency in the Eastern 15 District of California. The court’s time is better spent on its other matters than needlessly 16 consumed managing a case with a recalcitrant litigant. Indeed, “trial courts do not have time to 17 waste on multiple failures by aspiring litigants to follow the rules and requirements of our 18 courts.” Pagtalunan v. Galaza, 291 F.3d at 644 (Trott, J., concurring in affirmance of district 19 court’s involuntary dismissal with prejudice of habeas petition where petitioner failed to timely 20 respond to court order and noting “the weight of the docket-managing factor depends upon the 21 size and load of the docket, and those in the best position to know what that is are our 22 beleaguered trial judges.”). Delays inevitably have the inherent risk that evidence will become 23 stale or witnesses' memories will fade or be unavailable and can prejudice a defendant, thereby 24 satisfying the third factor. See Sibron v. New York, 392 U.S. 40, 57 (1968). Finally a less drastic 25 remedies in lieu of dismissal, such as, directing plaintiff to submit an updated address, or an order 26 to show cause why the case should not be dismissed for failure to comply with Local Rules would 27 be an act of futility because the order would be returned without delivery. Additionally, the 28 instant dismissal is a dismissal without prejudice, which is a lesser sanction than a dismissal with 1 | prejudice, thereby addressing the fifth factor. 2 Plaintiff failed to comply with the Court’s April 15, 2020 order and file an amended 3 | complaint, despite being warned that his case would be dismissed. See Doc. No. 7. Further, 4 | contrary to Local Rule 183(b), more than 63 days have passed since mail was returned as 5 | undeliverable and plaintiff has not updated his mailing address or otherwise contacted the court. 6 | After considering the factors set forth supra and binding case law, the undersigned recommends 7 | dismissal, without prejudice, under Fed. R. Civ. P. 41 and Local Rules 110 and 183(b). 8 Accordingly, it is ORDERED: 9 The Clerk shall assign a District Judge to this case. 10 It is further RECOMMENDED: 11 This case be dismissed without prejudice and the Clerk of Court be directed to terminate 12 || any pending motions/deadlines and close this case. 13 NOTICE TO PARTIES 14 These findings and recommendations will be submitted to the United States district judge 15 | assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of Title 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Within thirty (30) 16 | days after being served with these findings and recommendations, a party may file written 17 || objections with the Court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s 18 | Findings and Recommendations.” Parties are advised that failure to file objections within the 19 | specified time may result in the waiver of rights on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 20 | 838-39 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). 21 IT IS SO ORDERED. ated: _ March 9, 2021 Mile. Wh. foareh fackte 24 HELENA M. BARCH-KUCHTA UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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