Patti Lardas v. Slavko Grcic

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedFebruary 3, 2017
Docket15-1685
StatusPublished

This text of Patti Lardas v. Slavko Grcic (Patti Lardas v. Slavko Grcic) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Patti Lardas v. Slavko Grcic, (7th Cir. 2017).

Opinion

In the

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 15‐1685

PATTI LARDAS, Plaintiff‐Appellant,

v.

SLAVKO GRCIC, et al., Defendants‐Appellees. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. No. 14 C 193 — William T. Hart, Judge. ____________________

2 Nos. 15‐1685, 15‐1704, 16‐2913, 16‐4210

No. 15‐1704

DANNY CHRISTOFALOS,

Debtor‐Appellant,

JOSEPH E. COHEN, Chapter 7 Trustee, Trustee‐Appellee. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. No. 14 C 6958 — William T. Hart, Judge. ____________________

No. 16‐2913

JOHN LAURENCE KIENLEN, Creditor‐Appellee, v.

DANNY CHRISTOFALOS, Debtor‐Appellant. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. No. 15 C 10832 — William T. Hart, Judge. ____________________

Nos. 15‐1685, 15‐1704, 16‐2913, 16‐4210 3

No. 16‐4210

PATTI LARDAS, Plaintiff,

and

DANNY CHRISTOFALOS, Intervenor‐Appellant, v.

SLAVKO GRCIC, et al., Defendants‐Appellees. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. No. 14 C 193 — William T. Hart, Judge. ____________________

ARGUED OCTOBER 28, 2015 — DECIDED FEBRUARY 3, 2017 ____________________

Before WOOD, Chief Judge, and EASTERBROOK and HAMILTON, Circuit Judges. HAMILTON, Circuit Judge. These four related appeals arise from a long‐running and acrimonious business dispute be‐ tween appellants Patti Lardas and her nephew Danny Chris‐ tofalos on one side and appellees Slavko Grcic and associates on the other. Appeal Nos. 15‐1685 (Lardas I) and 15‐1704 (Co‐ hen) were consolidated for oral argument, which took place on October 28, 2015. Appeal No. 16‐4210 (Lardas II) concerns 4 Nos. 15‐1685, 15‐1704, 16‐2913, 16‐4210

the district court’s denial of a motion by Christofalos to re‐ open proceedings in Lardas I, and we treat it as a successive appeal. Appeal No. 16‐2913 (Kienlen) is also successive to the earlier consolidated appeals. We can decide Kienlen and Lar‐ das II without further oral argument. The briefs and record adequately present the facts and legal issues, and oral argu‐ ment would not significantly aid our decision‐making pro‐ cess. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2)(C). We affirm the judgments and orders on appeal in Lardas I, Lardas II, and Kienlen, and we dismiss the appeal in Cohen as moot. I. Lardas I (No. 15‐1685) In Lardas I, a diversity jurisdiction action, plaintiff Patti Lardas brought claims of fraudulent inducement and breach of contract against defendants Slavko Grcic; his sons, Milovan and Draza Grcic; Thomas Karacic; and Karacic’s employer, the Amalgamated Bank of Chicago.1 The crux of Lardas’s controlling amended complaint is that the Grcics tricked her into participating in a global settle‐ ment agreement pursuant to which, among other things, her nephew Christofalos was to receive a 99% interest in an entity called Wauconda Shopping Plaza, LLC (“WSP”), with Slavko Grcic retaining a 1% interest in the entity as well as a lien on Christofalos’s interest. According to Lardas, the Grcics hatched an elaborate scheme—along with Karacic and the Amalgamated Bank—to force WSP to default on a loan and, ultimately, to foreclose on Christofalos’s 99% stake and have the Grcics take control.

1 Christofalos was originally a co‐plaintiff in this action, but the dis‐

trict court dismissed the initial complaint without prejudice. Lardas filed an amended complaint as the sole plaintiff. Nos. 15‐1685, 15‐1704, 16‐2913, 16‐4210 5

The defendants moved to dismiss, arguing that Lardas lacked standing to pursue her claims. Though the defendants cited Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), the district court reviewed their motion pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1). In so doing, the court treated the motion as a facial attack on Lar‐ das’s standing, accepting as true the factual allegations in the amended complaint as well as the contents of the settlement agreement appended to the complaint. The court took no ad‐ ditional evidence. See Apex Digital, Inc. v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 572 F.3d 440, 443 (7th Cir. 2009) (“Facial challenges require only that the court look to the complaint and see if the plaintiff has sufficiently alleged a basis of subject matter jurisdiction.”); see also Silha v. ACT, Inc., 807 F.3d 169, 174 (7th Cir. 2015) (“[W]hen evaluating a facial challenge to subject matter juris‐ diction under Rule 12(b)(1), a court should use Twombly–Iq‐ bal’s ‘plausibility’ requirement, which is the same standard used to evaluate facial challenges to claims under Rule 12(b)(6).”). The district court dismissed Lardas’s case without prejudice, agreeing with the defendants that Lardas lacked standing to pursue her claims. Lardas v. Drcic [sic], Nos. 14 C 193 & 14 C 6958, 2015 WL 444321, at *2 (N.D. Ill. Jan. 29, 2015). Because the district court decided the question of standing without resolving factual disputes, we review de novo the court’s judgment of dismissal. Berger v. NCAA, 843 F.3d 285, 289 (7th Cir. 2016). To pursue a civil claim in federal court, a plaintiff must allege and then prove that she has standing—i.e., that she suf‐ fered a concrete and particularized injury‐in‐fact that is trace‐ able to the defendant’s conduct and that is likely to be re‐ dressed by a favorable decision. Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services (TOC), Inc., 528 U.S. 167, 180– 6 Nos. 15‐1685, 15‐1704, 16‐2913, 16‐4210

81 (2000). Taking Lardas’s allegations at face value, the de‐ fendants schemed to deprive her nephew Christofalos of his interest in WSP. The problem here is that Lardas had no cur‐ rent or even contingent interest in WSP. In fact, Lardas had transferred her entire interest in a predecessor entity to Chris‐ tofalos back in 2000. She never held a stake in WSP itself. Through the settlement agreement, Lardas released any and all claims (known and unknown) against the Grcics in ex‐ change for their release of any and all claims (known and un‐ known) against her. She does not allege that the Grcics vio‐ lated the terms of that exchange by, for instance, suing her or otherwise seeking to recover anything from her. In a post‐judgment motion for reconsideration, which the district court correctly treated as a motion under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 59(e), Lardas argued for the first time that Christofalos was a third‐party beneficiary of her settlement agreement with the Grcics, such that the alleged scheme to deprive Christofalos of his interest in WSP in turn deprived Lardas of the benefit of her bargain. As a procedural matter, Lardas should have raised this argument during the initial briefing on defendants’ motion to dismiss. Rule 59(e) does not entitle a party to advance after judgment a non‐jurisdictional argument that could have been presented prior to judgment.

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Patti Lardas v. Slavko Grcic, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/patti-lardas-v-slavko-grcic-ca7-2017.